OWJ101106 WCDMA RNP Indoor Distribution System Design ISSUE1

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ISSUEISSUE

OWJ101106 WCDMA RNP OWJ101106 WCDMA RNP Indoor Distribution Indoor Distribution

System DesignSystem Design

OWJ101106 WCDMA RNP OWJ101106 WCDMA RNP Indoor Distribution Indoor Distribution

System DesignSystem Design

1.11.1

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading without Permission.

Security Level: Internal

2

ObjectivesObjectives

To introduce an general Idea on Design

Process for Indoor Distribution System

To provide Some typical solutions for

indoor distribution system

To know how to select equipment type



3

OutlineOutline

Introduction

Indoor Coverage Scenarios

Design Process for Indoor Distribution System

Equipment Type Selection

Some Typical Solutions

List of Materials & Cost Estimation

Appendix:

Micro NodeB

RRU



4

Why We need indoor Distribution System?Why We need indoor Distribution System?

Coverage Problems Outdoor macro cell cannot satisfy indoor coverage

High penetration loss

RSCP ( less than -95dBm ) Jumeira Beach Hotel

Burj Al Arab Hotel.

Capacity Problems Most of the calls: indoor calls Heavy traffic: some special buildings Outdoor macro cells cannot meet the indoor capacit

y requirement DWTC: GITEX.



5


RSCP > -85dB: 10%

RSCP > -95dB: 25%

RSCP > -105dB: 70%

For example: Burj Al Arab Hotel, 27th floor

outdoor macro cell: SC154



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RSCP > -85dB: 5%

RSCP > -95dB: 24%

RSCP > -105dB: 64%

For example: Jumeira Beach Hotel, 8th flooroutdoor macro cell: SC152



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OutlineOutline

Introduction






Appendix:

Micro NodeB

RRU



8

Indoor Coverage Scenarios (1)Indoor Coverage Scenarios (1)

High Traffic Density Capacity requirement

Provide both indoor and outdoor coverage

Signal Source for Indoor Distribution System Outdoor macro NodeB RRU

Rooms: large and high Wall-mounted directional antenna Ceiling-mounted omni antenna

Airports / Stations / HarborsAirports / Stations / Harbors



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Very High Traffic only when … Exhibitions/Conferences/Games take place Example: DWTC

Sufficient margin should be provided in Capacity dimensioning

most of time: low traffic

Good coverage for data services is required

Exhibitions Centre / Conference Centre / GymnasiumsExhibitions Centre / Conference Centre / Gymnasiums



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Main service: voice service

High traffic at peak hours

Shopping Centre / SupermarketsShopping Centre / Supermarkets



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More High-end subscribers Provide Good coverage for data services

Heavier Traffic on lower stories Consider Capacity Margin Antenna Quantity and Locations

Usual solution: Indoor Distribution System

Commercial Office Buildings / HotelsCommercial Office Buildings / Hotels



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OutlineOutline

Introduction






Appendix:

Micro NodeB

RRU



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Design Preparation

Coverage and Capacity Dimensioning

Indoor Distribution System Solution

Indoor Verification Test



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Design Preparation: Step 1Design Preparation: Step 1

Step 1: Coverage Target Analysis Coverage Range

Rough Coverage Range

Coverage Requirement of the network

Area coverage probability requirement

Capacity Requirement of the network

How many subscribers

Cell load

Investment Scale of the Project



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Step 2: Survey on the outdoor cell Coverage Outdoor cells may interference the indoor distribution system

Pilot pollution may occur

More serious interference in higher stories

necessary to carry out indoor signal test

signal strength and distributions in the building

Stories Selection for Test: Suggestion

1~2 stories for the lower part of the building

1~2 stories for the middle part of the building

1~2 stories for the upper part of the building

Drive Test Tools

e.g. Agilent 6474A device



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Step 3: Preparation of Building Drawings Obtain Building Drawings

Coverage Target Storey

Plan Drawing

Elevation Drawing

Strong and Weak Electric Wells

Existing Transmission in the building



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Step 4: Indoor Survey of the Building Collect enough information for indoor distribution system

Determine the exact coverage range

Identify Coverage Requirement for different storey

Take enough digital Photographs

Indoor details and Building Profile

Identify building materials, thickness of floor / ceiling / wall

Estimate the penetration loss

check Obtainable transmission, power supply, cable resource,

and requirements from building management

Check if GSM/CDMA indoor distribution system already exists

WCDMA will probably share the same indoor distribution system



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Step 5: Indoor CW Test Obtain indoor propagation characteristics

Correct indoor propagation model (if possible)

Estimate the penetration loss

Inner partition walls

Floors and ceilings



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Design Preparation






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Coverage & Capacity Dimensioning (1)Coverage & Capacity Dimensioning (1)

Indoor Propagation Model: Keenan-Motley model

PL(d0) is free space loss at the d0 distance;

d is the distance between transmitter and receiver;

d0 is the reference distance; (normally d0 is 1m);

n is the average path loss attenuation exponents;

Kfi stands for the number of the floors of type i;

Kwj stands for the number of the walls of type j;

Lfi stands for the penetration loss of the floor of type i;

Lwj stands for the penetration loss of wall of type i;

a : linear penetration loss factor. typical value 0.2dB/m

d1: breakpoint. Typical value is 65m.

0 032.45[dB] 20 lg [km] [MHz]PL d d f



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Indoor Propagation Path Loss

f=2000MHz, d=1m

Path loss = 38 dB

f=2000MHz, d=30m

Path loss = 80 dB

f=2000MHz, d=60m

Path loss =88 dB

f=2000MHz, d=80m

Path loss = 92 dB

Note: assume path loss attenuation exponent is 2.8



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Uplink CS12.2 CS64 PS64 PS128 PS144 PS384

Max Power of UE 21 21 21.00 21.00 21.00 21.00

Atenna Gain of UE 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

NF of NodeB Rx 2.2 2.2 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20

bit rate of service 12.2 64 64 128 144 384

EbvsNo in UL 5.4 2.7 2.4 1.9 1.9 1.6

Sensitivity in UL -125.54 -121.04 -121.34 -118.83 -118.32 -114.36

UL loading 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50%

noise rise 3.01 3.01 3.01 3.01 3.01 3.01

SHO Gain 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50

fast fading margin 2.31 3.14 3.14 3.38 3.38 3.65

max CL in UL 142.72 137.39 137.69 134.94 134.43 130.20

PL_CL - PL_DL 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.37

max CL in DL 144.09 138.76 139.06 136.31 135.80 131.57

GSM1800 BCCH TxPwr 43 43 43 43 43 43

Combiner/Diplexer Loss 1 1 1 1 1 1

Frequency Correction Loss (feeder) 2 2 2 2 2 2

Outdoor Interference Margin 10 10 10 10 10 10

Min. Required RxLev Threshold -88.09 -82.76 -83.06 -80.31 -79.80 -75.57

3G Shares GSM DAS: GSM1800 BCCH3G Shares GSM DAS: GSM1800 BCCH



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Capacity Dimensioning Choose appropriate signal resource

Macro NodeB

Micro NodeB

RRU Different power and base band resource The basic capacity formula

refer to dimensioning training material

Indoor cells can support more users than outdoor macro

Interference from other cell: smaller

Non-orthogonal factor: smaller



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Design Preparation






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Indoor Distribution System Solution (1)Indoor Distribution System Solution (1)

Antenna layout diagram for each floor

Determine Antenna Quantity

Determine Antenna Installation Location



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Estimate Transmit Power from each Antenna

Example

Passive Distribution System

BTS Output Power: 5W

7/8” Cables

1/2 Power Splitter

Ceil-mounted Omni Antenna

Each Floor: two Antennas



27


Estimate transmit power from each antenna



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Detailed Network Topology Diagram



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Detailed Cabling Diagram

Vertical View and Plan Layout

Indicate Feeder Cable Length

Splitters Location

Couplers Location



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Design Preparation






31

Indoor Verification TestIndoor Verification Test

To Guarantee the indoor signal quality

Install antennas in the right positions

Make sure each antenna transmits continuous

waves as the expected power level

Choose enough test points and make signal power

level test

Make indoor drive test if possible

Analyze the test data and check if the design meets

the coverage requirements

If not, take measures to improve the design



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OutlineOutline

Introduction






Appendix:

Micro NodeB

RRU



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Equipment Type SelectionEquipment Type Selection

Equipments Type

Signal Source Equipment Type

Feeder Cable Type

Indoor Antenna Type

Splitter Type

Coupler Type



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Equipment Type Selection: Signal SourceEquipment Type Selection: Signal Source

Signal Source Equipment Type

macro NodeB

micro NodeB

RRU



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Equipment Type Selection: Feeder CableEquipment Type Selection: Feeder Cable

Feeder Cable Type

Feeder Cable Loss

7/8” cable feeder: 6.1dB/100m

1/2” cable feeder: 10.7dB/100m

Construction Feasibility

Minimum curvature radius requirement

25.4cm for 7/8” cable feeder

12.7cm for 1/2” cable feeder

Burning Point Requirement



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Equipment Type Selection: Indoor Antenna (1)Equipment Type Selection: Indoor Antenna (1)

Some restrictions for indoor antenna

Short distance coverage

Transmit power restriction

Installation space restriction

Vision pollution restriction



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Equipment Type Selection: Indoor antenna (2)Equipment Type Selection: Indoor antenna (2)

Indoor Antenna Types

Omni antenna

Ceiling-mounted omni antenna

Bar-type omni antenna

Directional Antenna



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Equipment Type Selection: Omni Antenna (1)


Basic Requirement for Omni Antenna

Spectrum Range: 800M~2500MHz

Gain: 2dBi

Horizontal beam width: 360

Vertical beam width: 90

Polarization: vertical polarization

VSWR: less than 1.5

Down tilt: no



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Some Existing Omni Antenna Types

KATHREIN

Type: 80010137

Frequency Range: 876-960/1710-2500MHz


Gain: 2 dBi

DECIBEL

Type: DB784SM5N-SY Db Diamond

Frequency Range: 806-2200MHz


Gain: 2.1 dBi



40

Equipment Type Selection: Directional Antenna (1)Equipment Type Selection: Directional Antenna (1)

Basic Requirements for Directional Antenna

Spectrum Range: 800M~2200MHz

Gain: 7 dBi

Horizontal beam width: 90

Vertical beam width: 60


Front-to-back ratio: > 20 dB

VSWR: < 1.5



41


Some Existing Directional Antenna Types

KATHREIN



42


Some Existing Directional Antenna Types

ANDREW



43


High Gain Directional Antenna Types

KATHREIN



44

Equipment Type Selection: Splitter (1)Equipment Type Selection: Splitter (1)

Splitter Type

Performance parameters

Bandwidth Requirements

Isolation Requirements

1/2 splitter

1/3 splitter

1/4 splitter



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Equipment Type Selection: Splitter (2)Equipment Type Selection: Splitter (2)

KATHREIN Splitter

TYPE

Output Ports

Attenuation

Insertion loss

Inter-modulation

Freq. Range

VSWR

K737303

2

3 dB

<0.05dB

<-150dBC

800-2200MHz

<1.5

K737305

3

4.8 dB

<0.05dB

<-150dBC

800-2200MHz

<1.5

K737307

4

6 dB

<0.05dB

<-150dBC

800-2200MHz

<1.5



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Equipment Type Selection: Coupler (1)Equipment Type Selection: Coupler (1)

Coupler Type

Performance parameters

Bandwidth Requirements

Isolation Requirements

7 dB coupler

10 dB coupler

15 dB coupler



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Equipment Type Selection: Coupler (2)Equipment Type Selection: Coupler (2)

KATHREIN Coupler

TYPE

Attenuation

Insertion loss

inter-modulation

Freq. Range

VSWR

K63236061

7 / 1.0dB

<0.05dB

<-150dBC

800-2200MHz

<1.5

K63236101

10.4 / 0.4 dB

<0.05dB

<-150dBC

800-2200MHz

<1.5

K63236151

15.1 / 0.1dB

<0.05dB

<-150dBC

800-2200MHz

<1.5



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Equipment Type SelectionComparison between splitter & coupler

Equipment Type SelectionComparison between splitter & coupler

Splitter

Equal Power Distribution

Coupler

Non-equal Power Distribution

Splitter Better for antennas in the same floor

Coupler Better for antennas in different floors



49

OutlineOutline

Introduction






Appendix:

Micro NodeB

RRU



50

Some Typical Solutions (1)Some Typical Solutions (1)

DAS:DistributedAntennaSystem

Micro BTSE1/STM-1 cascade

Indoor

Antenna

Signal source: micro NodeBSignal source: micro NodeB



51


RRU:RemoteRadioUnit

BTS 3812

Softer H/O area

f1f0

BTS 3812

Softer H/O area

f1f0

Digital signal transmitted by optical , NO receive sensibility and power LOSS

Signal source: nearby macro NodeB + RRUSignal source: nearby macro NodeB + RRU



52


RRU

Indoor DAS is available

Indoor DAS not available;

covered by antennas directly

covered by RRU

Signal source: macro NodeB + RRUSignal source: macro NodeB + RRU



53

OutlineOutline

Introduction






Appendix:

Micro NodeB

RRU



54

List of Materials & Cost EstimationList of Materials & Cost Estimation



55

OutlineOutline

Introduction






Appendix:

Micro NodeB

RRU



56

Micro NodeB (1)Micro NodeB (1)

Scenarios for micro NodeB

Indoor Coverage

Medium/Low Traffic Areas

Blind Spots



57

Micro NodeB (2)Micro NodeB (2)

Parameters for micro NodeB

Support maximum 2 cells

Transmission: E1 or STM-1

Power supply: AC

Capacity: 64 CE

Transmit power: 2*10W / 2*20W

Weight: < 55kg

Dimension: 460*350*700 (cm)



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RRU (1)RRU (1)

maximum 4 cells can be cascaded

Maximum 100 km for 3 or 4 cascades

Maximum 12 cells

Maximum 2 cells per RRU

2TRX 2TRX

1TRX 1TRX 1TRX 1TRX

1TRX 2TRX 1TRX



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RRU (2)RRU (2)

Parameters for RRU

Support maximum 2 cells

Transmission: Optical Fiber

Power supply: AC

Capacity: 256 CE

Transmit power: 2*10W / 2*20W

Weight: < 50kg

Dimension: 460*350*700 (cm)

Cascade: max 4 cells, max distance 100km



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Comparison: RRU and micro NodeBComparison: RRU and micro NodeB

Handover

RRU: Softer HO between RRU and host NodeB

micro NodeB: Soft HO between micro NodeBs

Capacity

One RRU: maximum 256 CE

One micro NodeB: maximum 64 CE

Transmission

RRU: Optical Fibers

Micro NodeB: E1 or STM-1

O&M

RRU: from host macro NodeB



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OWJ101106 WCDMA RNP Indoor Distribution System Design ISSUE1