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OQmrta |=Q@ |m} QDmr= Q=@ |=[=kD COtOvr@ w COtu=}t 'COtx=Dwm |v}@V}Bx@ \w@ Qt |=yC}r=ai |=Q@ =y|v}@V}B "OwQ|t Q=m x@ CQOk |=ysDU}U K}LY|D}vt= |=yp}rLD w |Q=Pox}=tQU '|Q=Oxov 'CNwU O} QN 'O}rwD |=y|R} Qxt=vQ@uDi=} |=Q@ COtOvr@ `]=kt QO jQ@ |=[=kD |v}@V}B [1]"OQ}o|t Q=Qk xO=iDU= OQwt|=Q@ COtx=Dwm |v}@V}B u}vJty w QwWm |=yx=owQ}v |xaUwD Qw_vtx@ |D; |=yR=}v"CU= |QwQ[ hQYtsm w hQYtQBhrDNt |=yVN@ QO jQ@ hQYt u=R}t s}_vD|=ysDU}U |D}vt= w |O=YDk= C=}rta QO |O}rm |Wkv COtx=Dwm |v}@V}B[3]%x@ OwW|t s}UkD pwtat Qw]x@ CQOk sDU}U QO Q=@ |v}@V}B [2]"OQ=O CQOk

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[35]"OW=@ Q=PoQ}F-=DR= |@}mQD 'Cw=iDt |}=wy w ?; w |v=mt \}=QW x@ xHwD =@ Cw=iDt C=k}kLD QOOQwt |v}@V}B xm =Hv; R= "CU= xOW xO=iDU= |v}@V}B Qw_vtx@ Cw=iDt |=yQDt=Q=B

xv=oOvJ |x} RHD pOt xm |r=L QO Ovm |v}@V}B =Q =[=kD CkO x@ Ov=wD|t |v=tR[6]"CU= xOQm pta |rYi ARIMA R= QDy@ |tm

QO Ow@y@ Qw_vtx@ |awvYt Vwyl}vmD R= u}kkLt R= |Q=}U@ 'Q}N= |xyO QO1�KBES� Vv=O Q@ |vD@t OvtWwy |=ysDU}U "OvOQm xO=iDU= Q=@ |v}@V}B CkO|R=i G=DvDU= sDU}U R=|}=yOQ@ Q=m ,=Q}N= "OvQwyWt |=yxvwtv R=|@Ya |=yxm@W wl} [8]u=Q=mty w lQ=B [7]"CU= xDiQo Q=Qk xHwD OQwt xv}tR u}= QO |R=i |x} Q_v wxv=RwQ |m} QDmr= Q=@ |v}@V}B |xr�Ut |=Q@ Q=WDv=TB |x}qxU |@Ya |xm@Ww u} QDu}}=B '\UwDt XN=W xU pt=W |@Ya |xm@W |OwQw "Ov=xO=O O=yvW}B|m} QDmr= Q=@ Q=Okt u} QDq=@ R}v u; |HwQN w CU= xOw@ |m} QDmr= Q=@ Q=Okt u} QDq=@pta |v=tR |QU w |vw}UQoQ |=ypOt R= QDy@ Q=}U@ w= |O=yvW}B pOt "CU= xOw@Q=@ |v}@V}B |=Q@ �RBF� x}=B |a=aW |@Ya |xm@W R= [9]l =wv "CU= xOQmw QD`} QU Q@=Q@ 11 pk=OL RBF xm CU= xO=O u=Wv w xOQm xO=iDU= |m} QDmr=R= [10]=tqU= w |r@ Q=O "CU= xOw@ Q=WDv=TB |@Ya |xm@W R= QDu=v}t]= p@=kxO=O u=Wv w xOQm xO=iDU= Czech QO |m} QDmr= Q=@ |v}@V}B |=Q@ |@Ya |xm@W"CU= xOQm pta QDy@ ARIMA pOt R= |@Ya |xm@W |O=yvW}B pOt xm CU=xOv}; Ca=U l} Q=@ |v}@V}B xm CU= xO=O O=yvW}B |@Ya |}xm@W [11]p;pO@aw xDiQo Q_v QO =Q |Da=U Q=@ w |Da=U |=tO w= &CU= xO=O s=Hv= p=U GvB |=Q@ =Q|xm@W pOt [12]u=J w w}Uy "CU= xOw@ VN@O}t= Q=}U@ |O=yvW}B pOt G}=DvpOt xm OvO=O u=Wv w OvOQ@ Q=m x@ u=w}=D |}xk]vt Q=@ |v}@V}B |=Q@ =Q |@Yau=Q=mty w xO=R; \UwD xm |k}kLD QO "CU= |DvU uw}UQoQ pOt R= QDQ@ |O=yvW}B|v}@V}B u=Q}= QO R=o |=[=kD ANFIS w ANN |=yVwQ R= xO=iDU= =@ 'OW s=Hv=

[13]"OW=@ xDW=O ANN x@ C@Uv |QDy@ G}=Dv CUv=wD ANFIS xm OWQ}=U w |Q=t; |=yODt R= |@}mQD =@ |@Ya |xm@W pOt R= |}=yOQ@ Q=m ,=Q}N=C=H=DvDU= R= |@}mQD Ovv=t "CU= xDiQo Q=Qk xHwD OQwt Q=}U@ OvtWwy |=yVwQ

"xQ}e w [18]C=QP s=LOR= |R=Uxv}y@ [17w16]'|Hwt Cq=kDv= [15w14]'u} R}@u=@}DWB Q=OQ@ u}W=t 'CU= xDiQo Q=Qk xHwD OQwt xm |Qo}O OvtWwy sD} Qwor=�SRM� |Q=DN=U lU} Q |R=Uxv}tm pwY= R= SVM VwQ QO "CU= �SVM�|@ QHD lU} Q |R=Uxv}tm pwY= R= =yVwQ Q}=U xm |r=L QO 'CU= xOW xO=iDU=ERM =@ xU}=kt QO SRM pwY= xm CU= xOW C@=F "OvQ@|t xQy@ �ERM�|=y|v}@V}B |=Q@ SVM VwQ R= [20]w�=m [19]"OvyO|t u=Wv OwN R= |QDy@ OQmrta|m} QDmr= Q=@ |v}@V}B QO [21]u=Q=mty w uJ "CU= xOQm xO=iDU= |v=tR |QUxvwoJ xm OvOQm u=}@ |�RH CQwYx@ =yu; "Ov=xOw@ s=oW}B SVM \UwD COtu=}tR= R}v [22]nv=y w |=B "Ovm pta jiwt |m} QDmr= Q=@ |v}@V}B QO Ov=wD|t SVM

COtOvr@ Q=@ |v}@V}B Qw_vtx@ �SA� O} Q@D |R=Ux}@W sD} Qwor= w SVR R= |@}mQDxO=iDU= =yQDt=Q=B X}NWD Qw_vtx@ SA sD} Qwor= R= =yv; "OvOQm xO=iDU= u=w}=D QOQO "OQ=O |QDy@ OQmrta GRNN w ARIMA R= pOt u}= xm OvO=O u=Wv w OvOQm|v}@V}B |=Q@ SVM w NN |=yVwQ R= =yv; QO xm |Dq=kt R= |}=yxvwtv 1 pwOH

"CU= xOW x�=Q= xO=iDU= OQwt |=yQ}eDt x=Qtyx@ 'xOW xO=iDU= Q=@R}v w OW u=}@ QDV}B xm COtx=Dwm |m} QDmr= Q=@ |v}@V}B C}ty= x@ xHwD =@'|m} QDmr= Q=@ |v}@V}B x@ \w@ Qt |=yOQw=DUO =@ \=@DQ= QO xOWQmP |xJN} Q=DQ=@ |v}@V}B Qw_vtx@ 'u} wv |=yVwQ R= xO=iDU= =@ =D xOW |aU VywSB u}= QO"OwW s=Hv= |DvU |=y|v}@V}B QO |R=Uxv}y@ 'u=Q}= j]=vt R= |m} QO |m} QDmr=|=Q@ |k]vt w O}OH |=yVwQ |x�=Q= x@ u=wD|t j}kLD u}= syt |=y|Qw;wv R=VwQ R= |@}mQD xm OQm xQ=W= COtx=Dwm |m} QDmr= |SQv= hQYt u=R}t |v}@V}B|xir-wt p}rLD |va} O=a@= Vy=m VwQ =@ u=@}DWB Q=OQ@ u}W=t w |@Ya |xm@W

44

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|OwQw |=yQ}eDt |=ysD} Qwor= p=U |xQ=tWxO=iDU= OQwt `HQt

RwQ u=ty xDWPo Ca=U xU 'wO 'l} |m} QDmr= Q=@ ��GA NN, BBNN, 2008 [23]xDWPo RwQ xDWPo Ca=U xU 'wO 'l} |m} QDmr= Q=@ ��

PSO NNxDWPo xDiy QO RwQ u=ty p@k Ca=U wO w p@k Ca=U l} 'Ca=U u=ty |m} QDmr= Q=@ ��Ca=U XN=W ��

MLP NN 2006 [24]RwQ XN=W ��p@k Ca=U wO w Ca=U l} =tO u}tND ��

OwW|t |Q}oxR=Ov= hrDNt |x]kv 10 QO =wy |=tO =Q} R |OwQw 32 pm QO ��xDWPo Ca=U 24 |m} QDmr= Q=@ ��

MLP NN 2007 [25]O=@ CaQU 'C@ w]Q '=tO ��xDiy RwQ �x=t� pYi ��

p@k Ca=U 24 |m} QDmr= Q=@ ��SVM 2010 [26]xDiy RwQ ��

RwQ Ca=U ��=wy w ?; |=yxO=O ��

GA { SVM 2008 [27]|m} QDmr= Q=@ |=yxO=O ���\UwDt 'xv}tm 'xv}W}@� p@k RwQ |=tO ��

TS�, BPNN, SVM 2010 [28]

p@k RwQ VQ=@ u=R}t ��xDWPo RwQ QO |v}@V}B u=tR p@k x_Lr wO Q=@ ��

p@k RwQ l} Q=@ xv}tm w xv}W}@ ��|v}@V}B RwQ QO |v}@V}B u=tR p@k x_Lr wO Q=@ ��

�\UwDt 'xv}tm 'xv}W}@� |v}@V}B RwQ |=tO��|v}@V}B RwQ VQ=@ u=R}t ��

|v}@V}B RwQ wv ��p@k Ca=U 24 Ca=U s}v Qy |m} QDmr= Q=@ ��

SVM 2009 [29]p@k RwQ |=tO \UwDt ��xOv}; RwQ |=tO \UwDt |v}@V}B ��

|v}@V}B OQwt xDiy RwQ ��xDWPo |m} QDmr=Q=@ ��

BPNN with GA 2010 [30]RwQ Ca=U 'RwQ wv 'pYi wv ���|OwQw 120� Q_v OQwt RwQ |v}@V}B |=tO w p@k RwQ |=tO ��

xDWPo RwQ |}x_Lr Ct}k 'sO 'RwQ wv '|m} QDmr= Q=@ ��FFNN 2001 [31]

�|OwQw 100� |v}@V}B RwQ |}x_Lr Ct}k '=tO 'RwQ wv ��xOWu}}aD u=tR QO |iQYt |=yQ=@ ��

NN 2005 [32]|v}@V}B |=tO ��x=t XN=W ��

Qo}O Cq}]aD w xDiyQN; Cq}]aD x@ \w@ Qt XN=W ��

Beysian NN 2008 [33]

p@k RwQ QO Ca=U u}= O=@ CyH w CaQU ��p@k RwQ QO Ca=U u}= =wy |=tO ��

p@k RwQ O}WQwN V@=D ��p@k RwQ QO Ca=U u}= |ak=w Q=@ ��

Ca=U u}= QO Oa@ RwQ |v}@V}B |=tO ��� Time Series Analysis

45

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NN with GA, PSO,

2008 [34]

�\UwDt 'xv}tm 'xv}W}@� xDWPo RwQ |=tO ��

constrained method,

�\UwDt 'xv}tm 'xv}W}@� xDWPo RwQ C@ w]Q ��

unconstrained method

�xv}W}@� xDWPo RwQ QO O=@ CaQU ��xDWPo xDiy Q=@ l}B ��

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RwQ XN=W ��

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QO "OW G=QNDU= =y|OwQw =} =y|oS} w u} QDy@ '|rY= |=yxir-wt p}rLD w x} RHDQ=}U@ VwQ wO R= '|Da=U CQwYx@ COtx=Dwm |iQYt Q=@ |v}@V}B Qw_vtx@ xt=O=xOt; CUO x@ G}=Dv "OW xDiQo xQy@ |@Ya |xm@W w u=@}DWB Q=OQ@u}W=t OvtCQOku=@}DWB Q=OQ@ u}W=t R= xO=iDU= xm CU= xDmv u}= |xOvyOu=Wv |O=yvW}B VwQ R=R}}=B 'Q=y@ |=ypYi QO xDiy |rwtat |=yRwQ QO 'PCA VwQ R= xO=iDU= uwO@"OyO|t u=Wv OwN R= |@Ya |xm@W x@ C@Uv |QD?wr]t |=y?=wH u=DUtR wxDUO u}= |x_Lqt p@=k Ow@y@ ?@U |OwQw |=yxO=O x@ PCA p=ta= 'xt=O= QOC}y=t p}rOx@ u=DU@=D pYi |=yxO=O u}vJty xr=kt u}= QO "CU= xOW =yxO=O R=

=yCWwv=B1. knowledge based expert system2. support vector regression

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