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OverviewOverview
Quick facts
Element makeup
Electrical demand of hydrogen
Support of evidence
Social/ political issues
Laws and regulations
Pros and cons of hydrogen (mostly environmental)
Hydrogen production
Work cited
HYDROGEN FACTSHYDROGEN FACTS
Word origin: The word hydrogen comes from the Greek word hydro (water) and genes (forming).
Discovery: Hydrogen was recognized as a distinct substance by Henry Cavendish in 1776.
Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe.
Approximately 10-11 million metric tons of hydrogen are produced in the US each year; enough to power 20-30 million cars or 5-8 million homes.
Hydrogen is 14 times lighter than air.
The element hydrogenThe element hydrogen
Atomic Number: 1
Atomic Weight: 1.00794
Melting Point: 13.81 K (-259.34°C or -434.81°F)
Boiling Point: 20.28 K (-252.87°C or -423.17°F)
Density: 0.00008988 grams per cubic centimeter
Phase at Room Temperature: Gas
Element Classification: Non-metal
What evidence supports the idea that hydrogen can provide a significant proportion of electrical
demand in the future?
Availability The most abundant element in the universe (about 75%) Lightest of all gases On Earth, it is most commonly found in water, but is also
found in organic matter. Rarely found in its pure form. It can be produced from many other sources of energy
such as oil, natural gas, nuclear power, solar power, and even biomass.
The United States alone already produces about 100 billion cubic feet of hydrogen per year.
Since it is very abundant, any region in the world could produce hydrogen from it own resources and sources of energy.
Continued…Continued…
As a resource Hydrogen is considered to be an energy carrier
Energy must be used to produce pure hydrogen, which can then be used as fuel or electric generation.
The method used to create pure hydrogen determines the environmental impact of hydrogen.
Continued…Continued… Uses
Fuel cells Liquid
Past and Present NASA
Liquid hydrogen used in space shuttles since the 1970s Hydrogen fuel cells power the electrical systems and
produce drinking water for astronauts. Used in liquid form by other countries to launch satellites
into space. Automobiles
Cars powered by hydrogen fuel cells are now commercially available in the United States and Europe.
Public Transportation.
Continued…Continued…
Cost Hydrogen: about 1 dollar per gallon Gasoline: over 3 dollars per gallon
Continued…Continued…
Future of Hydrogen: Ammonia pellets Solar Hydrogen
Does everybody agree with that evidence?
No Many people have pointed out the issues with using
hydrogen for an energy source. Steve Puma – “…it is a very impractical battery, with an
extremely low energy-to-volume ratio.” Lisa Zyga – “…the production of hydrogen depends on the
availability of energy and water, both of which are increasingly rare and may become political issues, as much as oil and natural gas are today,”
Jeff Wise – “skeptics say that Hydrogen promises to be a needlessly expensive solution for applications for which simpler, cheaper and cleaner alternatives already exist.”
Erik Sofge – Steven Chu, Secretary of Energy, said that, “among other things it would take four miracles for hydrogen to work…”
What social/political What social/political problems does hydrogen problems does hydrogen
energy have?energy have?
Hydrogen energy in fact it can revolutionize fuel consumption and efficiency..
For example, in terms of distribution, as a very sensitive substance, transporting hydrogen from one place to another can really be a challenge.
Another threat is:Another threat is:
Pipe lines : are laid down on major roads in the United States to limit the exposure from Hydrogen of the surface structures.
Highly Expensive.
Do any laws or regulations prevent Do any laws or regulations prevent the deployment of new hydrogen the deployment of new hydrogen
power?power?
Laws and regulations purporting to the deployment, production and distribution of hydrogen are focused on the reporting dangers of producing Hydrogen energy from extraction to transportation.
United States government is strongly convinced of the benefits of developing hydrogen power in resolving the energy problems in the country and thus, instead of prohibiting or preventing the deployment of new hydrogen power is in fact encouraging the same.
Also…Also…
Cost problems.
Taxes involved.
What environmental What environmental problems does hydrogen problems does hydrogen
power pose? power pose?
Atmosphere Research estimates emissions into the
atmosphere growing from 60 to 120 trillion grams a year by replacing fossil fuel with hydrogen globally.
Continued…Continued…
Ozone Estimates from the Caltech study of potential
hydrogen fuel effects on the planet's atmosphere show a 10 percent decrease in the ozone from the inevitable leaks.
Continued… Continued…
Greenhouse Effect A 2006 British science study names hydrogen
an indirect greenhouse gas.
Continued…Continued…
Expense One of the biggest downsides about hydrogen
power is that it is woefully expensive
You’re wrongYou’re wrong
Common Misconception Proponents of hydrogen as a fuel believe that a
switch from hydrocarbons to hydrogen fuel is advantageous to the environment.
We need a few prosWe need a few pros
Energy
Ease of Production
Environmentally Friendly
Hydrogen productionHydrogen production
Hydrogen Production About 95 percent of the hydrogen currently
produced in the United States comes from natural gas processing called "steam methane reforming.”
Continued…Continued…
Other Hydrogen Production The separation of hydrogen and oxygen by
hydrolysis (using electricity) is much less popular than steam methane reforming because it is so inefficient; only about 70 percent
Work CitedWork Cited
http://cafcp.org/stations/10factsH2
http://www.livescience.com/28466-hydrogen.html
http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele001.html
http://www.ehow.com/list_6152936_environmental-effects-hydrogen.html
http://www.ehow.com/about_5373437_pros-cons-using-hydrogen-power.html
http://www.ehow.com/facts_5009152_advantages-disadvantages-hydrogen-power.html
http://phys.org/news85074285.html
http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/energy/next-generation/4199381>.
ContinuedContinued
http://www.nasa.gov/topics/technology/hydrogen/hydrogen_fuel_of_choice.html
http://phys.org/news85074285.html
http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/energy/next-generation/4335827
http://www.alternatefuels.com/hydrogen.htm
http://phys.org/news85074285.html
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/08/070821112346.htm
http://heshydrogen.com/hydrogen-fuel-cost-vs-gasoline/
http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/tech/hydrogen
http://sitemaker.umich.edu/section4group1/hydrogen_power