Overview on HCFO-R1233ZD(E) use for high temperature heat ... · • Heat loss and pressure drop negligible • LSH provides constant superheat of 15K after evaporator • Compressor

Overview on HCFO-R1233ZD(E) use for high temperature heat pump application

Dr Nikhilkumar N ShahCentre for Sustainable Technologies

28/08/2019, Montreal

Overview

• Introduction

• Details about • Experiment setup and Test Methods• Thermodynamic Analysis

• Results and Discussion• Thermodynamic simulation• Experiment results

• Conclusion

Centre For Sustainable Technologies, Ulster University 2


Centre For Sustainable Technologies

• Advanced Glazing

• Building Energy Systems

• Bio-energy

• Demand Side Management

• Energy Storage

• Energy Process Modelling

• Energy Market Modelling

• Energy Water Nexus

• Heat Pumps

• Passive Buildings

• Solar Energy

• Thermal Comfort


Energy Research

Research income ~16M

Centre for Sustainable Technologies

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Large Sample Guarded Hot Box Solar Simulator Anaerobic Digester Development

Downdraft Gasification Heat Pump & Thermal Energy Storage Integration

Techno-economic and Energy Market Modelling

ASHP Test Chamber Battery Storage Integration Thermal Comfort Seasonal TES Test Houses


Introduction

High Temperature Heat Pump

• Huge waste heat recovery potential (e.g. 370 TWh in Europe)

• Refrigerant for HT application with low GWP and ODP and critical temperature (150°C)


About R1233ZD(E)

• Good potential to replace R245fa , up to 150°C

• Literature highlights : Low thermal stability compared to R245fa


Parameters R1233zd(E) R245fa

Chemical formula CF3CH=CHCF3 CF3CH3CF2

Pc (kPa) 3570 3650

Tc (°C) 165.6 154.01

Boiling point (°C) 17.97 14.81

Slope Dry Dry

ODP 0.00034 0

GWP100yr 7 1030

Atmosphere lifetime (yr) 0.07 7.7

Flammability Non-flammable Non-flammable

ASHRAE std 34 safety class A1 B1

Literatures on R1233ZD(E)

• 75 publications

• Very limited investigation on HTHP using R1233zd(E)



• Most studies focused on properties, heat transfer and/or ORC simulations, only three studies related to HP

• R1233zd(E) blends with HCs help to overcome flexibility issues and 2 to 10% higher COP compared to R134a/R22

• Higher COP with blend of R1233zd(E) and R1234yf compared to R1233zd(E) alone

• Industrial HPs (28 kW to 20 MW) in market but none using R1233zd(E)

• Trade-off between VHC and COP, potential of reduced compressor size




Are of investigation Type of investigation

Main subject Sub-subject Exp. Theo/mod/sim

Flow regime pressure drop 4 2Heat transfer flow boiling, film condensation, nucleate boiling, condensation, supercritical

pressure, high temperature12

Ejector vapour-liquid, critical/sub-critical model, refrigeration system working fluid 3

ORC scroll expander, various application, cycles configuration, with solar, with ejector, evaluation system, fluid comparison

5 26

Material compatibility between refrigerant and polymer 1Properties liquid viscosity, surface tension, solubility, diffusion, thermal conductivity, PvT,

film thickness, heat capacity, speed of sound, liquid density 13

Heat pump booster, water heater (ref mixture), centrifugal chiller 3

Combined system

ORC+HP, absorption compression, trigeneration, 3


Experiment setup, Test Methods and Thermodynamic Analysis

Test Set-up

• To understand behavior of oil and system components at high temperature

• Initial operation and tuning using R245fa as a reference

• Designed Tcond=125°C and Tevp= 50°C with SH=20K (evaporator + liquid-suction heat exchanger) and SC=9K

• Test operation between 85°C to 135°C

• Thermodynamic simulation and comparative analysis for R245fa and R1233zd(E)


Components Details

Compressor Open typeDis: 28 m3/h @50 Hz (1450 rpm)

Drive EMI motor with Danfoss FC103drive

Condenser SWEP BPHE BT25Thx50

Evaporator SWEP BPHE N80Hx26

Expansionvalve

Danfoss EEV ETS12.5 withEKC316A

Oil separator ESK OS22

Receiver Bitzer FS102

Heat transferfluid

Water and Therminol66

HTHP test rig


Test methods and simulation

• Test points:

• Tcond = 85 to 135°C at interval of 10K with fixed Tevp=50°C

• Fixed flow rates on secondary side and operation at 50 Hz

• Simulation assumption:

• Heat loss and pressure drop negligible

• LSH provides constant superheat of 15K after evaporator

• Compressor map from manufacture to evaluate VE and IE at different conditions.


Parameters Values / Details

Refrigerant R1233zd (E) and R245fa

Condensing temperature(C)

85,95,105,115,125,135

Evaporation temperature(C)

45,55,65,75

Superheat @evp andsubcooling @cond (K)

5 and 5

Superheat using LSH (K) 15

Isentropic efficiency (%) Based on compressor map:temperature lift

Volumetric efficiency (%) Based on compressor map:temperature lift


Results and Discussion

Thermodynamic Simulation






Experiment Results


Focus on Oil behaviour and experience with commercial components

Oil viscosity


Experiment Results


Modification to accommodate oil cooling

Experiment Results


• Initial performance


Conclusion

Experience and future work

• Huge potential for HTHP but need more investigation on experiment side with new refrigerants such as R1233zd(E), Water or blends etc

• Simulation results showed up to 8% higher COP compared to R245fa

• If used as a drop-in : consideration should be in HEX sizing

• Special EEV for new refrigerant (e.g. body/cooling or programme)

• Use of POE and further investigation required

• Long term performance and stability study requires with compatible oil, refrigerant and material


Work in Progress


Work in Progress


Pure oil Oil + Refrigerant

Acknowledgement

• Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) through the Interdisciplinary Centre for Storage, Transformation and Upgrading of Thermal Energy (i-STUTE) (Grant No. EP/K011847/1)

• European Unions’ Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme through the Compressed Heat Energy Storage for Energy from Renewable Sources (CHESTER) project (Grant No. 764042).



Thank You

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Documents

Overview on HCFO-R1233ZD(E) use for high temperature heat ... · • Heat loss and pressure drop negligible • LSH provides constant superheat of 15K after evaporator • Compressor