Baroque Art

• Referred to as the art produced in the late sixteenth century • Style

Less static Greater sense of movement and energy Appealed to emotions and faith Richness in color and ornamentation Imagery presented in the most dramatic way

• Baroque era saw conflicts between empires• Powerful sovereigns

Empress Maria Theresa of Austria Peter the Great Catherine the Great King Louis XIV

Notable artists in the Baroque Era

• Caravaggio (1573-1610)– Renowned for his dramatic use of light and dark

• Artemisia Gentileschi (1593?-1652?)– Known for her adaptation of Caravaggio’s techniques

• Gianlorenzo Bernini (1598-1680)– A sculptor most famous for The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa

• Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640)– Produced works of great energy and color

• Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-69)– Recognized as a great painter, printmaker, and a draftsmen– Created some of the best works of the Baroque period

• Diego Velazquez (1599-1660)– Builds his figures from patches of color rather than crawing– Influenced the Impressionist movement

Conversion of Saint Paul by Caravaggio

Night Watch by Rembrandt

Rococo, Neoclassicism, and Romanticism

• Rococo Extension of baroque period Artworks were celebration of gaiety, romance, and frivolity Emphasized light-hearted decorations with the use of gold and pastel colors

• Neoclassicism Revival of interest in the art of classical Greece and Rome Emerged in the decades leading up to the Revolution Emphasized line, order, and cool detachment

• Romanticism Highly imaginative Emotional and dreamlike quality Favored feeling over reason Incorporation of exotic or melodramatic elements

The Swing by Jean-Honoré Fragonard

Realism and Impressionism

• Realism Reaction to Neoclassicism Inspired by the idea that paintings must illustrate all features of its subjects Obligated to show lives of ordinary people Gustave Coubert (1819-77)

Paintings included ordinary workmen repairing road (The Stonebreakers 1849-50)

• Impressionism Grew out of the dissatisfaction of realism Painters used rapid strokes to capture rapid changing light Led to the discovery that shadows were not gray but that they reflected the

complementary color of the object casting on them Edouard Manet (1832-83)- referred to the first impressionist

Works show juxtaposing light and contrasting colors Showed clothed men with nude women caused an uproar in art community

Claude Monet (1840-1926) Source of the movement’s name Encouraged fellow artists to work outdoors

The Stonebreakers by Gustave Coubert

Impression Sunset by Claude Monet

Post Impressionism

• Post-Impressionism Paul Cézanne (1839-1906)

Suggested that painting could be structured as a series of planes with a clear foreground, middle ground, and background.

Objects could all be reduced to its simplest form development of cubism Georges Seurat (1859-91)

Emphasized on the scientific rules of color Applied colors in small dots of complementary colors that blended in the eye of the

viewer; this is called optical mixing resulted in static composition Vincent van Gogh (1853-90)

Used theories of contrasting color and very direct application of paint Developed the idea that artists should not slavishly imitate the natural world but

should be intensified to portray inner human emotions Paul Gaugin (1843-1903)

Search for intense light and clear color led him to Tahiti Edgar Degas (1834-1917)

Combined the snapshot style of photography with Japanese like perspective from \slightly above his subject

• by the depiction of leaves flowers in flowing, sinuous lines

Other Late 19th Century Developments

• Other Late 19th Century Developments Pre-Raphaelites Dissatisfied with the effects of the Industrial Revolution

Emphasized nature and sweeping curves Art Nouveau Art Nouveau

Style of decoration, architecture, and design characterized by the depiction of leaves flowers in flowing, sinuous lines

The Night Café by Vincent van Gogh