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Overview of the African Network for Drugs and Diagnostics
Innovation (ANDI)
Dr Sanaa Botros Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo Egypt
on behalf of the ANDI Task Force
Dr Solomon Nwaka WHO-TDR
and
1
Major recommendations and strategies
Note: Not drawn to scale
SOURCE: Institutional reports, institutional web pages, Mboya-Okeyo, Ridley & Nwaka (Lancet, 2009)
2001Macro-
economics
and Health
report
Declaration of
the Decade of
African
Traditional
Medicine
2005UN Millennium
Project
G8 Gleneagles
2008Global Strategy
and Plan of
Action (GSPA)
Bamako call for
action
2009WHA62
G8 L'Aquila
Implementation
of ANDI
20081st ANDI
stakeholder
meeting
(Abuja,
Nigeria)
2009WHA62 support
1st & 2nd ANDI
Task force meetings
2nd ANDI
stakeholder meeting
Key recommen-dations for local ownership
Key ANDI events
Algiers declaration
2
Strategic business plan adopted
http://apps.who.int/tdr/research/lead-discovery-drugs/pdf/sbp-final_web.pdf
3
Unmet health needs in Africa despite ongoing efforts
SOURCE: UN
1 Logarithm in base 10 of current international dollars; Purchasing power parity (PPP)-adjusted figures
GDP/capita (log of int. USD1)
35,00010,0003,5001,000
2006
▪ With 15% of global population, Africa
accounts for 25% of global disease
burden in DALYs
▪ 1/3 of Africans below poverty line
▪ Several highly prevalent
diseases currently unaddressed by
drugs or diagnostics
Life expectancy (years)
AsiaOceaniaAmericasAfricaEurope
80
70
60
50
40
4
To understand the African R&D landscape, a multitude of
stakeholders and sources tapped
SOURCE: Country visits, interviews
Note: sources consulted included databases, institutional web pages and reports (foundations, PPPs, pharma companies)
5▪ South Africa
▪ Nigeria
▪ Egypt
▪ Kenya
▪ Burkina Faso
Country
visits
50▪ Group interviews
▪ 1-on-1 interviews
▪ Phone interviews
Interviews
outside of
Africa
66▪ > 30,000 papers analyzed
▪ > 1,500 clinical trials analyzed
▪ > 160 African patents analyzed
▪ > 120 pharmaceutical companies surveyed
Data
sources
176▪ 1-on-1 interviews
▪ Focus groups
▪ Plenary sessions
Interviews
in Africa
5
Series of challenges in the African R&D landscape emerged
Research gap
▪ Little or no clinical trials for several African diseases (e.g. HAT,
Lymph Filariasis)
▪ Reduced research output for these diseases
Little intra African collaboration
▪ Less than 5% of published articles involve more than one
African countries
Significant investment gap
▪ Africa invests less than 50% of world medium on R&D
▪ Gap on drug/diagnostic innovation estimated at USD 1.0 - 2.4
billion/year
1
2
3
6
…HIV/AIDS research…
Institut Pasteur
WHO
Univ Washington Univ Amsterdam
Johns Hopkins Univ
Univ Witwatersrand
CDC
Univ Alabama
Univ North Carolina
UCSF
London Sch Hyg & Trop Med
Makerere Univ
Univ Nairobi
Univ London
Columbia Univ
Harvard Univ
Univ KwaZulu
Univ Oxford
Univ Zimbabwe
UCL
Muhimbili Univ
Natl Inst Communicable Dis
Univ Cape Town
SOURCE: Thomson Web of Science, UCINET
Size equivalent to no.
of article with lead author
7
111527
79
128
World
Median
25
E. Eu S. Amer
SE Asia AfricaSingaH. Kong
Korea
372
N. AmerW. Eu
Japan
588
OtherAsia2
SOURCE: UNDP, World Bank
2.0 1.3 0.8 0.5 0.3
GDP
share
(Percent)
1 Countries mean of 2002 data in international dollars at purchasing power parity (PPP)
2 Middle East and East Asia; excludes China (49.8 USD; 1% of GDP)
1.7 0.5
R&D spending per capita
USD PPP1, p.a.
▪ Total gap of USD
14.3 billion p.a.
▪ Of which up to USD
2.4 billion for drugs/
diagnostics inno-
vation
Significant R&D investment gap, with Africa investing less than 50% of the world median
8
Libya
Tunisia
Algeria
Morocco
Mauritania
Egypt
Eritrea
Sudan
Nigeria
Senegal
Cameroon
EthiopiaSomalia
DjiboutiGambia
Ivory
Coast
Uganda
Gabon
Kenya
Burkina
GhanaEquatorial
Guinea
Congo
Rwanda
Tanzania
Zambia
Burundi
Madagascar
Botswana
Zimbabwe
South Africa
Swaziland
SOURCE: Thomson Web of Science
▪ Cities with 30 or
more articles
published in the
2004 - 08 period
▪ Total of 90 cities in
27 countries
▪ 16,647 biomedical
articles led by
African authors
included in
analysis
Cape Verde
Seychelles
Tunis
Johannesburg
Pretoria
Sfax
Durban
Rabat
Ibadan
Algiers
Benin
Yaounde
Abidjan
Alexandria
Addis
Ababa
Accra
Nairobi
Dar es salaam
Lagos
Casablanca
Dakar
Kampala
Marrakech
Khartoum
Angola
Namibia
Niger ChadMali
Monastir
Sousse
Cairo
Tanta
Assiat
Enuga
Bloemfonteem
Potchefstroom
Zaria
Part Harcourt
Morogoro
Cape Town
Pietermaritzburg
250–499
>=1,000
500–999
<100
100–249
No of articles
Note: Only top 40 cities by research output labeled
Mapping of African research output reveals that several "hot
spots" or “competency centers” exist today
9
US
UruguaySouth Africa
Madagascar
Kenya
Benin
Guinea
Morocco
Egypt
Tunisia
UK
France
Belgium Netherlands
Japan
Canada
SOURCE: Delphion, VantagePoint, UCINET
1 -2
3 - 4
5 - 8
9 - 11
> 11
Patent #
Total: 164
Note: Patents published in the period 2004-2009 by WIPO or the US and European patent offices with at least one assignee from Africa
(under under International Patent Codes A61K or A61P)
In addition, some African centers show patent activity in
the biomedical areas
10
ANDI’s Mission and Vision seeks to overcome challenges
"To promote and sustain African-led health product
innovation to address African public health needs through
assembly of research networks, and building of capacity
to support human and economic development"
Mission Statement
"Creating a sustainable platform for R&D innovation in
Africa to address Africa’s own health needs"
Vision
11
The proposed business model of ANDI
SOURCE: Abuja meeting, Country visits, interviews, Task Force meetings
1 TM, Traditional Medicine
Function
Infrastructure improved
Competence/excellence centers developed
R&D capability built
Scope
Example: Drug for
TB/Malaria
Example: Schisto
diagnostic
Example: TM1 project
Core R&D
activities
▪ Project/portfolio management
▪ Funding
▪ IP management
Brokerage▪ Advocacy
▪ Public/private partnerships
Network
support
▪ Research equipment
▪ Research facilities
▪ Knowledge/IT management
Project 1 Project 2 Project 3
12
ANDI is unique, compared to other initiatives
▪ African-led – Projects driven by local investigators
▪ African-oriented – with agenda aligned with local priorities
▪ Sustainability – Focus on:
– Creating a backbone for product innovation, adapted to evolving health needs
– Moving products along the R&D value chain
▪ African & external interface – Partner for other organizations operating in Africa, in line with the GSPA
BUSINESS MODEL
13
ChairAfrican
researchers
Diaspora
UN-based
organizations
NGO
Private sector
OECD
African
regions
AfDB
Vice-Chair
North
hub
Central
hub
South
hub
East hubWest
hub
ANDI Office
Advocacy
IP/technology transfer
R&D coordination
STAC
African Innovation
Fund
Board
Executive committee (EC)
Finance
Committee (FC)
Organization and governance structure - Board and Secretariat
▪ Reflection of ANDI's stakeholders and needs
Observers
ED
STAC Chair
▪ Long-term strategy setting
▪ Determining scientific focus
▪ Oversight of Executive Director (ED)
▪ Oversight (via EC) of ANDI's office
▪ Oversight (via FC) of budget and accounta-
bility/sustainability of African Innovation Fund
Key facts
Overview
~ 70% are
African members
Board
14
ANDI's Approach to IP
• Need for IP management identified in R&D landscape mapping activity
• WIPO working with ANDI task force to develop IP strategy (cf SBP)
▪ Possible areas of support identified:– Assistance on IP management for projects incl
preparation of MTA, CDA and collaborative agreements
– Training on IP management (workshops, etc)– Regular mapping of R&D landscape in Africa – Design of a network IP policy
15
Annual budget ~USD 31 M by 2015 for 15 network projects
31.4
11.4
2.10.3
24.4
0.40
7.07.06.56.51.70.3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
65
20.91
27.91
4
15.5
22.0
3
12.01
18.51
2
3.4
8.0
10 Year
ANDI projects(Number)
Total cost(USD million)
1 Including one-off costs
Local contribution(USD million)
ANDI running costs
ANDI project costs
Total ANDI cost
Project funding(Percent of total)
- 21 70 65 71 75 78
- - 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.9 2.4
- - 5 7 9 12 15
16
Implementation of ANDI –interim & definitive hosting plan
Status
Key steps
Legal status
2009 2010 2011 2012
Provisional management by WHO/TDR At African hosts
Location
selectionStaffing Full operation in Africa
Project
at TDR
Legal entity
at AfDB
In
addition…
▪ Board appointed▪ Legal agreements▪ Start ED selection▪ Project selection
and preparation
▪ Ad-interimteam
▪ Start Board formation
▪ Prepare 1st
project calls
▪ ED appointed▪ Full team
appointed
▪ Project portfolio fully up and running
▪ Support platforms up and running
Board
formation