Overview of the 2010 Carbonaceous Aerosol and Radiative Effects Study (CARES) Field Campaign

Rahul Zaveri, William Shaw, Daniel CziczoPacific Northwest National Laboratory

and the Entire CARES Team

CalNex Atlantis Data WorkshopDavis, CA

January 11 – 13, 2010

Participants and Collaborators

Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryAerodyne Research, Inc. Brechtel ManufacturingBrookhaven National LaboratoryDOE ARM Aerial FacilityDOE ARM Climate Research FacilityDroplet Measurements TechnologyEnvironmental Molecular Sciences LabLos Alamos National LaboratoryMichigan Technological University

2

Montana State UniversityNASAPortland State UniversityUniversity of ArkansasUniversity of California-DavisUniversity of California-San DiegoUniversity of ColoradoUniversity of Nevada-RenoUniversity of North DakotaWashington State University

Participants and Resources From:

Collaborators (CalNex)NOAA Twin OtterNOAA WP-3NOAA R/V AtlantisCalifornia Air Resources Board (CARB)

CARES Objectives and Goal

Science Objectives:Investigate secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from anthropogenic and biogenic precursors and the potential interactions between them.

Characterize the time scales of black carbon (BC) ageing and quantify the relative contributions of condensation and coagulation to BC mixing state evolution.

Quantify the effect of aerosol mixing state and the role of organics on the associated optical and CCN activation properties. Perform local closure studies.

Quantify the contribution of new particle formation and growth to CCN population.

Overarching Goal: Evaluate and improve aerosol modules for the above mentioned processes and properties for use in regional, global climate models

Sampling Strategy and Platforms

4

Sacramento, June 2-28, 2010

Rationale• Mid-size City• Fairly isolated and clean to the north• Regular wind pattern• Rich biogenic emissions• Previously studied area

• UC Berkeley studies• BEARPEX

Sacramento plume servesas a meso-scale flow reactor

Photo credit: Stephen Springston

T0 Site – SacramentoAmerican River College

9.5 miles northeast of downtownAltitude = 30 m MSL

Trace GasesPTR-MS & GC-MS VOCs and SVOCs WSUCO VUV fluorescence WSUSO2 research grade PNNLO3 research grade WSUNO, NO2, NOy research grade WSU

Aerosol Size/CompositionSMPS, APS, CPC particle size distribution PNNLHR-ToF-AMS + thermal denuder non-refractory aerosol comp PNNLSPLAT-II single-particle mass spec EMSLSP2 black carbon mass DMTSunset OC/EC organic/elemental carbon mass PNNLTRAC, DRUM Samplers microspectroscopic analyses EMSL, LBNLPILS Auto-sampler WSOC, IC Brechtel, UC DavisHi-vol sampler Organic functional groups UND

Optical Properties4- Photoacoustic scattering, absorption UNR, LANL3- Nephelometer, 3- PSAP scattering, absorption PNNL3- Cavity Ring Down extinction, scattering Portland State Univ., UC DavisPhotolysis, MFRSR radiation PNNL

Hygroscopic & CCN PropertiesCCN Counter CCN activation PNNL

MeteorologySfc. Met. Station & Radiosonde wind velocity, P, T, RH profiles PNNL

Photo credit: Stephen Springston

T1 Site - Cool, CA

Foothills of Sierra NevadaAltitude = 450 m MSL

Northside School

Trace GasesPTR-MS VOCs Montana State Univ.CO VUV fluorescence LANLO3 research grade PNNLNO, NOy research grade LANL

Aerosol Size/CompositionSMPS, APS, CPC particle size distribution UC Davis, PNNLHR-ToF-AMS + thermal denuder non-refractory aerosol comp. UC Davis/Aerodyne, PNNLPALMS single-particle mass spec PNNLSP2 black carbon mass DMTSunset OC/EC organic/elemental carbon mass PNNLTRAC, DRUM Samplers microspectroscopic analyses EMSL, LBNLPILS Auto-sampler WSOC, IC Brechtel, UC DavisHi-vol Samplers 13C and 14C, functional groups Univ. of Arkansas, UND

Optical Properties3- Photoacoustic scattering, absorption UNR, LANL3- Nephelometer, 3- PSAP scattering, absorption PNNL3- Cavity Ring Down extinction, scattering Portland State Univ.Photolysis, MFRSR radiation PNNLUV-MFRSR radiation Univ. of Arkansas

Hygroscopic & CCN Propertiesf(RH) aerosol hygroscopic properties PNNLCCNc, SCCN CCN activation PNNL, BNL

MeteorologySodar, Wind Profiler wind velocity vertical profile PNNLSfc. Met. Station & Radiosonde wind velocity, P, T, RH profiles PNNL

DOE G-1

Trace GasesPTR-MS VOCs PNNLCO VUV fluorescence BNLO3 research grade BNLSO2 research grade BNLNOx, NO2, total NOy research grade BNL

Aerosol Size/CompositionCPC (>3nm and >10 nm) particle number concentration PNNLFIMS (30 – 80 nm) particle size distribution BNLUHSAS (55 – 1000 nm) particle size distribution PNNLCAPS (500 – 20000 nm) particle size distribution PNNLHR-ToF-AMS non-refractory aerosol comp. EMSLSP2 black carbon mass BNLATOFMS aerosol mixing state UCSDTRAC Sampler microspectroscopic analyses EMSL, LBNLPILS Auto-sampler Bulk inorganic composition Brechtel, UC Davis

Optical PropertiesPASS-3 absorption LANL3- Nephelometer scattering PNNLPSAP absorption PNNL

NASA B-200

ObjectivesCharacterize the vertical and horizontal distribution of aerosols and optical properties

Provide the vertical context for G-1 and ground in situ measurements

Infer aerosol type and apportion optical depth by typeInvestigation of new active + passive (lidar + radiometer) aerosol retrieval techniquesCharacterize the PBL height and distribution of aerosols within and above PBL

Help assess aerosol model transport simulations

CALIPSO/CALIOP & GLORY/APS Validation

High Spectral Resolution Lidar NASA Langley (Ferrare, Hostetler)

Digital Camera NASA Langley (Ferrare, Hostetler)

Research Scanning Polarimeter NASA/GISS (Cairns)

T0

T1

NW Flow 9 out of 27 days

Two Predominant Sacramento Plume Patterns Observed

T0

T1

SW Flow ~15 out of 27 days

SO2 from refineries along Carquinez Strait

DOE G-1 Flight Tracks

DOE G-1 (June 2 – 28)• Research Flights: 22• Flight Time: 67.5 hours• Flight Distance: ~24,000 km

NASA B-200 (June 3 – 28)• Research Flights: 23• Flight Time: ~68 hours

Coordination with CalNex

In Sacramento Area

• R/V Atlantis (June 3 – 4)

• NOAA Twin Otter (June 15 – 28)

Intercomparison Flight From Fresno to Bakersfield, June 18

• DOE G-1

• NASA B-200

• NOAA P-3

• NOAA Twin Otter

AMS: Aerosol Composition at T0

11

67.55%0.37%

17.91%

7.23%6.94%

orgchlso4nh4no3

Average Aerosol Composition at T0

Average aerosol concentration: 2.84 g/m3

10

8

6

4

2

0

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

g/m

3 )

6/3/2010 6/5/2010 6/7/2010 6/9/2010 6/11/2010 6/13/2010 6/15/2010 6/17/2010 6/19/2010 6/21/2010 6/23/2010 6/25/2010

Date and Time (PDT)

Chen Song

1 g m-3

4 g m-3

org dominant PM1 comp.

AMS: Aerosol Composition at T1

12

org dominant PM1 comp.

Ari Setyan / Qi Zhang

2 g m-3

3.5 g m-3

Regional New Particle Formation & Growth Events

10

8

6

4

2

0Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

g/m

3 )

12:00 PM6/5/2010

12:00 AM6/6/2010

12:00 PM 12:00 AM6/7/2010

12:00 PM 12:00 AM6/8/2010

12:00 PM 12:00 AM6/9/2010

Date and Time (PDT)

25x103

20

15

10

5

0

SM

PS

Nu

mb

er

10

8

6

4

2

0S

MP

S M

ass (

g/m

3 )

2

4

68

100

2

Siz

e (

nm

)

SMPS Number Concentration SMPS Mass Concentration

Org SO4 Chl NH4 NO3

T0

T1

Chen Song / Ari Setyan / Qi Zhang

SPLAT II: Single Particle Composition at T0

14

%

Alla Zelenyuk, Josef Beranek

Complex Aerosol Mixing State Changing with Time

Evidence for T0-T1 Transport

15

LANL and UNR Photoacoustic Instruments

Brad Flowers, M. Dubey, Pat Arnott

Likely T0-T1 Transport

Day of June

Enhanced biogenic emissionscoupled with intense photochemistry

Comparison of Light Absorption at T0 and T1

16

LANL and UNR Photoacoustic Instruments

T0 only episodes

Brad Flowers, M. Dubey, Pat Arnott

Day of June

Evidence for Aged Air Mass Recirculated from the Previous Day

17

UTC (h)

16.0 16.5 17.0 17.5 18.0 18.5 19.0

NO

y (p

pb

v)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Alti

tud

e M

SL

(m

)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400NOyAltitude

UTC (h)

16.0 16.5 17.0 17.5 18.0 18.5 19.0

NO

x/N

Oy

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

Alti

tud

e M

SL

(m

)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400NOx/NOyAltitude

UTC (h)

16.0 16.5 17.0 17.5 18.0 18.5 19.0

Org

anic

Aer

osol

Mas

s (

g m

-3)

0

2

4

6

8

Alti

tude

MS

L (m

)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400Organic Aerosol MassAltitude

UTC (h)

16.0 16.5 17.0 17.5 18.0 18.5 19.0

NO

3 (

g m

-3)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

Alti

tude

MS

L (m

)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400NO3Altitude

T1

T0T0

T0 T0 T0 T0

T0

T1 T1

June 15 AM Flight

Longitude

-122.0 -121.8 -121.6 -121.4 -121.2 -121.0 -120.8

La

titu

de

38.2

38.4

38.6

38.8

39.0

39.2

T0

T1

8:00 am – 11:00 am PST

John Shilling

Large Concentrations of Ultrafine Particles

18

UTC (h)

16.0 16.5 17.0 17.5 18.0 18.5 19.0

Con

c of

Par

ticle

s (3

to 1

0 nm

) (

cm-3

)

0

2e+4

4e+4

6e+4

8e+4

1e+5A

ltitu

de M

SL

(m)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400Particle Conc (3 to 10 nm)Altitude

UTC (h)

16.0 16.5 17.0 17.5 18.0 18.5 19.0

SO

2 (p

pbv)

0

1

2

3

4

Alti

tude

MS

L (m

)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400SO2Altitude

John Shilling

Intense Photochemical Evolution on June 28

Aerosol Volume (m3 cm-3)

T0

T1

WRF Tracer Forecast 16 PST

SacramentoSource

2.02.53.03.54.04.55.05.56.0

CO (ppb)

T0

T1

peak6080

100120140160180200220

ozone = 124 ppb

T0

T1

All Sources

T0

T1

consistent

G-1 Data, 1341 – 1641 PST

peak

gray = CO emission rate

WRF forecast: W.Gustafson and J. Fast

Summary

Rich data set that will shed light on a number important problems related to carbonaceous aerosols

Useful for evaluating and improving understanding of several aerosol processes and properties such as:

SOA formation from anthropogenic and biogenic precursors and interactions between them over a period of one or more days.

BC ageing and aerosol mixing state evolution

Effect of aerosol mixing state on optical and CCN activation properties

New particle formation and growth – role of organics

Compare and contrast CARES results with CalNex platforms / sites

20

CARES Team (many faces are missing)

At McClellan Jet Services Hangar, Sacramento, CA

At Homewood Suites, Roseville, CA

Acknowledgements

Funding and Personnel Support• ARM Climate Research Facility (ACRF)• ARM Aerial Facility (AAF)• Atmospheric System Research (ASR) Program• Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL)

Entire CARES Team• Scientists, post-docs, students, collaborators• Support staff

Our Hosts• CARB (staff and forecasting team)• McClellan Jet Services, Sacramento• American River College, Sacramento• Northside School, Cool