Overview of SoLID

Jian-ping Chen, JLab SoLID Director’s Review

Feb. 23-24, 2015

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• Introduction

• Baseline equipment • Magnet

• Simulations/Software

• Detectors

• Support and infra-structure

• Design/R&D progress

• Dependencies • Beam polarimetry

• Cryo-target and polarized targets

• Project management

• Cost estimation

• Summary

Outline

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Introduction: Overview of SoLID

Full exploitation of JLab 12 GeV Upgrade A Large Acceptance Detector That Can Also Handle High

Luminosity (1037-1039) Take advantage of latest development in detectors, data acquisition and simulations Reach ultimate precision for SIDIS (TMDs), PVDIS in high-x region and threshold J/y 5 highly rated experiments approved Three SIDIS experiments, one PVDIS, one J/y production Two additional run group experiments: di-hadron, Inclusive-SSA Strong collaboration (200+ collaborators from 50+ institutes, 11 countries) Significant international contributions

Solenoidal Large Intensity Device

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SoLID Configurations

Baseline Equipment

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SoLID Configuration (I): SIDIS & J/y

SoLID Configuration (II): PVDIS

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SoLID Detector Overview

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SIDIS&J/Psi: 6xGEMs LASPD LAEC LGC HGC FASPD MRPC FAEC

PVDIS: Baffle LGC 5xGEMs EC

• Solenoid Magnet: CLEOII magnet with modifications

• EM Calorimeter: particle identification, mainly electron PID

SIDIS forward + Large-angle (including SPD)

PVDIS forward only

• GEM detectors: tracking

• Light Gas Cherenkov: electron PID

• Heavy Gas Cherenkov: hadron (pion) PID, only for SIDIS

• MRPC: TOF for hadron (pion) PID, only for SIDIS

• Baffles: reduce background, only for PVDIS

• Data Acquisition: Hall D developed pipeline DAQ system

• Supporting Structure for magnet and detectors

• Infrastructure

SoLID Baseline Equipment

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SoLID Magnet Requirements: Acceptance: Φ: 2π, θ: 8o-24o (SIDIS), 22o-35o (PVDIS), P: 1.0 – 7.0 GeV/c, Resolution: δP/P ~ 2% (requires 0.1 mm tracking resolution) Fringe field at the 3He target < ~5 Gauss

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• Magnet options and selection (with help of simulations):

• Solenoid chosen over others (Toroid and …)

• CLEOII, BaBar vs others (ZEUS, CDF, New)

CLEOII and BaBar are near ideal

• CLEOII vs BaBar: Both meet requirements,

engineering considerations CLEOII

• 2013: CLEO-II magnet formally requested and agreed

• 2014: Site visit

• Plan: dissembling starting in 2015, main work in 2016,

transportation to JLab (2016-2017)

• Main modifications:

• Two of three layers of side yoke needed

• Add thickness to front endcap

• Add donut and back endcap

CLEO-II magnet

Cost ~ 4.3 M$ + Manpower

R. Wines

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SoLID Simulation and Software

Post Processing

• Realistic detector responses can be

evaluated from GEMC output using

additional standalone packages

• Package to generate GEM

ionization/readout used for realistic

pseudo-data

• Tracking:

- tree search (Hall A analyzer) (PVDIS)

- progressive tracking (SIDIS)

Radiation and activation • Fluka: established tool and the

same full SoLID setup

• Geant4: crosscheck and help with

shielding design

Riordan/ Zhao L. Zana

O. Hansen

Simulation: • Initial Simulations: physics generators +

GEANT 3 for background (proposals)

• Full simulation: based on Geant4/GEMC

(GEMC developed for CLAS12,

also used for mEIC)

• Robust set of generators: included for

DIS/SIDIS, p production, backgrounds

GEM Progress

GEM foils made at CIAE

UVa/Temple responsible for general R&D, coordination and integration

First full size prototype assembled at UVa, tested in beam (Fermi Lab)

Chinese collaboration has started R&D and will be the main one to obtain

funding to construct all the GEM planes.

30x30 cm prototype constructed, readout tested

now working on 100 cm x 50 cm

(USTC/CIAE/Tsinghua/Lanzhou/IMP)

GEM foil production facility development at CIAE (China)

30cmx30cm GEM prototype @ USTC

Cost ~ 3.4 M$ + Manpower, mainly Chinese funding

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N. Liyanage

J. Liu

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Light Gas Cherenkov Counter (LGC): by Temple University

Goals: 2 m C02 (SIDIS/Jpsi), 1 atm 1 m C4F8O (65%)+N2 (35%) (PVDIS), 1 atm 30 sectors, 60 mirrors, 270 PMTs, Area~20m2

N.P.E>10, eff.>90%, π suppresion > 500:1 Work at 200G field (100G after shielding)

Status: Support Structure and Mounting Design u-metal Shielding design Pre-R&D ongoing at Temple

Light Gas Cherenkov

Cost ~ 2.1 M$ + Manpower

M. Paolone

Heavy Gas Cherenkov (SIDIS)

- Radiator: 1m thick C4F8O, 1 .5 atm @ 20 0C

- 30 Spherical Mirrors

- 30 Shielding Cones

- 480 MAPMTS

Cover 8 - 14.8 angular range

Kaon Rejection Rate>99%

Useful momentum range: 2.5-7.6 GeV/c

Separate Pions from Kaons

Cost ~ 2.6 M$ + Manpower 13

M. Meziane

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SoLID Electromagnetic Calorimeter

1. >50:1 p rejection with >95% electron efficiency 2. Provide trigger; Provide σ ~ 1 cm shower position 3. Radiation resistance: > (4-5)x105 rad 4. High field resistance: B~1.5 T, high background

Design requirement: preshower

Cost ~ 5.5 M$ + Manpower

X. Zheng

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SoLID Scintillator Pad Detector (SIDIS)

LASPD

FASPD

LASPD: photon rejection 5:1; coincidence TOF (150ps preferred)

→ design: 20mm-thick,

60 azimuthal segments,

direct coupling to fine-mesh PMT

FASPD: photon rej 5:1

→ design: 5-10mm-thick

240 segments (60 X 4)

WLS fiber embedding,

MAPMT (outside magnet)

X. Zheng

Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chamber

Goals: Timing resolution < 100ps Works at high rate up to 10 KHz/cm2 Photon suppression > 10:1 p/k separation up to 2.5GeV/c

Status: Tsinghua, USTC groups extensive experience from STAR Design and Prototype Developed at Tsinghua Beam test at Hall-A in 2012 New facility for mass production Read-out electronics design (Tsinghua/USTC)

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MRPC- High Resolution TOF

A MRPC prototype for SOLID-TOF

in JLab Y. Wang, et al. JINST 8 (2013) P03003

Cost ~ 1.6 M$ + Manpower

Mainly Chinese Funding

Y. Wang

• SoLID PVDIS needs to run 1x1039/cm2/s

luminosity

• Baffle is made of 12 planes of 9cm thick

lead with slits following electron bending

in SoLID field

• It blocks neutral and positive tracks

from target, and thus reduces

background and trigger rate

• Acceptance ~30% for DIS electrons is

maintained at P>3GeV and x>0.4 region

SoLID PVDIS Baffle

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Z. Zhao

SoLID DAQ Overview

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Cost ~ 2.2 M$ + Manpower

Design goal: • up to 60 KHz/sector for

PVDIS (expect 30kHz)

• Up to 200 kHz total for SIDIS

(expect 100 kHz)

Pipelined DAQ • Digital triggering schem

( coincidence calorimeter and

Cerenkov )

• Calorimeter clustering

292 Flash ADCs ( 12 bit 250 MHz) • 1800 channels Calorimeter • 270 channels Light gas Cerenkov • 480 channels Heavy Gas Cerenkov • 300 channels SPD scintillator

3300 channels of high resolution time of flight MRPC

( 80 ps )

GEM readout (164 000 channels) • APV25 ASIC based readout

(40 MHz pipelined 128 channels multiplexed readout )

• Dedicated readout 2048 channels / module On board subtraction and background processing VME or Ethernet based

Experiment-Specific Dependencies

Standard Equipment and Equipment Requires Additional Resources

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Standard or will be available instrumentation:

• SIDIS(n): T/L polarized 3He target, standard/achieved performance

• J/y: LH2 target, standard, modification in configuration

• PVDIS: Compton and Moller polarimeters to reach 0.4% precision

similar to requirements by MOLLER and PREX

Equipment needs additional resource:

• PVDIS: custom high-power cryotarget

ESR2 assumed available (required of MOLLER)

• SIDIS(p): Transversely polarized NH3 target

Experiment-Specific Dependencies

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Beam Polarimetry for SoLID

SOLID PV-DIS: global fit over many high-precision data points

Requires 0.4% polarimetry accuracy for 11 GeV and 6.6 GeV beam energy

Two independent measurements which can be cross-checked

Continuous monitoring during production (protects against drifts,

precession...)

Statistical power to facilitate cross-normalization (get to

systematics limit in about 1 hour). Cross Check with Hall C

High precision operation at 6.6 GeV - 11 GeV

Compton Møller

• Iron foil in 4T field- saturated magnetization

• Expected 0.4% accuracy, similar to Hall C

• Invasive, dedicated measurement at low beam

current only

• Scattering from ~100% polarized laser light

• continuous measurement, high precision

• independent photon vs electron

measurements, each ~0.4%

Polarimetry in Hall A will be pushed to high precision by physics program

PREX (1 GeV) 1%, CREX (2.2 GeV) 0.8%, MOLLER (11 GeV) 0.4%

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Cryotarget for PVDIS • 40 cm, 50 uA, ~800 W beam heating +250 W overhead

• Refrigeration: ESR II (required by MOLLER), more than adequate

• Cell/pump: Qweak style

• D2 polarization needs careful study

• Discussions with cryotarget group:

no sure-stop, but significant design/engineering effort

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Transverse Polarized Target for Proton-SIDIS

New 5 T superconducting coils for polarized proton

target:

● Existing coils has a transverse opening of +/- 17 deg

● New coils will have +/- 25 deg transverse opening

● Will satisfy experimental requirement for Q2 coverage

● A preliminary design report provided by Oxford Instruments

and satisfies:

● field uniformity requirement: 1 part in 104 over a region +/-15mm

● Field stability requirement: better than 10-4 per hour in the

persistent mode

Magnet axis

Beam Axis

Magnet axis

Existing

coils

Transverse

opening

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SoLID Timeline and pCDR

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SoLID Timeline

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- 2010-2012 Five SoLID experiments approved by PAC (4 A, 1 A- rating)

3 SIDIS with polarized 3He/p target, 1 PVDIS, 1 threshold J/y

- 2013: CLEO-II magnet formally requested and agreed

- 2014: Site visit, plan disassembling and transportation to JLab (2015-

2017)

2010-2014: Progress

- Spectrometer magnet, modifications

- Detailed simulations

- Detector pre-R&D

- DAQ

2014: pre-CDR submitted

2015: Director’s Review

Active collaboration, keep expanding:

now 200+ physicists from 50+ international institutions

significant international contributions (China)

• Extensive studies in 2010- now, based on

1) CLEOII magnet with modification, preliminary engineering study

2) realistic simulations: physics, background and detectors

3) detector pre-R&D studies, including beam tests

4) DAQ similar to Hall D design, based on their experience

• Several internal reviews: two brainstorming sessions (Physics

Division) and one informal external review (dry run)

• 1st draft pCDR submitted to Physics Division end of 2013

Iterations on manpower/cost. Help from Division and Project office.

Used Hall D actual expenditure of similar equipment

(magnet/detectors/installation) as base for manpower/cost estimation

•Final pCDR submitted to JLab management in July, 2014

Preliminary Conceptual Design Report

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SoLID Project Management

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Assumptions on Baseline Equipment Subsystem Responsibilities

Oversight

• Assumptions on base line equipment:

• GEM detectors: tracking, to be provided by Chinese Collaboration

• MRPC: TOF for hadron (pion) PID, only for SIDIS, detector to be provided by

Chinese Collaboration; readout electronics: joint.

• DAQ: FADC from JLab Physics Division electronics pool

• Magnet: disassembling/transportation, initial refurbishing by JLab

• Beamline: standard instrumentation operational.

Dependencies on Baseline Equipment

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SoLID Organization Structure

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Executive Board and Chair

• Function: The Executive Board makes decisions on scientific and organizational choices and provide high level oversight on all matter pertaining to preparation and operation of the SoLID project.

The Chair of EB is the science leader and the principle contact between the collaboration and the lab management/DOE. Will provide oversight and input to the PM for the SoLID project. The chair, together with the PM, is responsible for the performance and assessment of all subsystems.

• Initial members are the senior spokespeople plus the Hall leader (ex-officio) and the PM (ex-officio). Paul Souder (PVDIS), Haiyan Gao (SIDIS), Zein-Eddine Meziani (J/Psi), Thia Keppel (Hall Leader, ex-officio) and Jian-ping Chen (PM, ex-officio).

Paul Souder is the 1st Chair. It is expected that the Chair position will rotate.

Project Manager

• Function: The Project Manager (PM) will be in charge of executing the project and report to JLab management. The collaboration will provide advice and oversight, and member of the collaboration will work under PM in various roles to execute the project. For example, all subsystems coordinators will report to PM. PM has the authority and responsibility to manage the SoLID project.

• Jian-ping Chen is the initial PM.

Technical Board • Function: Advises the PM on all aspects of the Project, including

change in cost, scope or schedule.

• The TB will have a group of (usually senior) collaborators who represent the full range of required technical expertise and usually a member from each subsystem is expected to be on this board. This group will be appointed by the EB. In addition, TB will include PM and also project engineers when they are appointed.

• TB membership can be periodically adjusted by the EB as the situation warrants.

• The chair of the TB will be the PM. All EB members who are not already in TB are ex-officio members.

• Initial members are:

Jian-ping Chen (Chair), Paul Souder, Haiyan Gao, Zein-Eddine Meziani, Thia Keppel (ex-officio); Alexandre Camsonne,, Eugene Chudakov, Tom Hemmick, Xiaodong Jiang, Nilanga Liyanage, Robert Michaels, Xin Qian, Paul Reimer, Yi Wang, Jianbei Liu, Xiaochao Zheng.

Sub-System Responsibilities

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1) Magnet: Robin Wines/ Paul Reimer; JLab, Argonne 2) GEM-US: Nilanga Liyanange / Bernd Surrow; UVa, Temple 3) GEM-China: Jiabei Liu/ Xiaomei Li; USTC, CIAE, Lanzhou, Tshinhua,

IMP 4) Calorimeter: Xiaochao Zheng / Wouter Deconick/Cunfeng Feng, UVa,

W&M, Shandong, Argonne, Los Alamos 5) Light Gas Cherenkov: Zein-Eddine Meziani / Michael Paolone, Temple 6) Heavy Gas Cherenkov: Haiyan Gao / Mehdi Meziane, Duke 7) MRPC: Yi Wang/ Alexandre Camsonne, Tsinghua, USTC, JLab, Duke 8) DAQ/Electronics: Alexandre Camsonne / Krishna Kumar/ Ron Gilman,

JLab, Stony Brook, Rutgers 9) Simulation: Seamus Riordan / Zhiwen Zhao /Lorenzo Zana; Stony Brook,

ODU, Edinburgh, Duke, Syracuse 10)Reconstruction and Analysis Software: Ole Hansen/ Tom Hemmick;

JLab, Stone Brook 11) Supporting Structure and Baffle: Robin Wines/ Seamus Riordan; JLab,

Argonne, Stone Brook 12) Hall Infrastructure Modifications: Robin Wines/ Ed Folts; JLab 13)Installation: Ed Folts/ Robin Wines; JLab, all user groups.

• General oversight/coordination: project manager/ assistant

• Oversight on subsystem design

• Oversight on sub-systems: inter-system dependencies, integrations

• Frequent discussions and site visits

• Weekly/bi-weekly/months meetings (video conference)

• Collaboration meetings every 2-3 months

• Engineering oversight/coordination: project engineer/ assistant

• Frequent discussions and site visits

• Oversights on all subsystem designs

• Coordination on support systems

• Overall integration

Oversight

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• Pre-R&D activities focus on

• Confirming detector and DAQ performance as expected from simulations

• Answering identified questions, resolving issues

• Providing inputs to improve and fine tune the design

• Reduce risks and save cost

• Plan

• Submit funding application (MIE) to DOE in the next a few months

• Continue pre-R&D and finalize design until funding approval and starting

• ~ 3 years construction and 1-2 years installation

• Installation and initial commissioning

Pre-R&D and Plan

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Cost Estimation

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• Sub-system cost estimations

• Provided by subsystem coordinators

• Procurements: based on quotations from vendors whenever possible

• Manpower: based on experience

• Overhead: varies depending on responsible institutions

• Updates when new information available

• Over cost estimation

• Based on inputs from sub-system coordinators

• Added oversight manpower

• Manpower adjusted based on JLab experience (Hall D actual cost)

• JLab overhead

• Contingency

Cost Estimation

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• EMCal:

• Cost covers Shower (Shashlyk), preshower and SPD detectors and

readout system, mounting structure, testing and manpower

• Shower (Shashlyk) based on IHEP revised quote; also discussing with

other groups (US and China) as backup plan

• Preshower/SPD based on quotes from IHEP, started R&D to make

prototype in-house (at UVa/China)

• Total (direct) ~ $5.5M + 16 FTE (-contributions 4 FTE)

• LGCC:

• Cost covers detector, readout system, testing and manpower

• Total ~ $2.1M + 10 FTE (-contributions 1.5 FTE)

• HGCC:

• Cost covers detector, readout system, testing and manpower

• Total ~ $2.6 M + 8 FTE (-contribution 1.5 FTE)

Cost Estimation for Subsystems (I)

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• GEM detectors (US side):

• Cost covers the US group R&D activities, technical/engineering

supports to the Chinese groups and integration

• Total ~$0.3M + 4.5 FTE

• GEM detector (China side)

• Detectors and readout system to be provided by the Chinese

collaboration

• Total ~ $3.1M + 23.5 FTE

• MRPC (US side):

• Cost covers part of the readout electronics (joint),

technical/engineering supports and integration

• Total ~ $0.5M + 4.5 FTE

• MRPC (US side):

• Detector and part fo readout electronics (joint) to be provided by

Chinese Collaboration

• Total $1.1 M + 7.5 FTE

Cost Estimation for Subsystems (II)

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• DAQ:

• 230 FADC from JLab Physics Division electronics pool

• 2000 channels of HV power supplies from Physics Division/Hall A

• Cost covers the rest of DAQ electronics, HVs, cables and manpower

• Total $2.3M + 16 FTE (-contribution 2.4 FTE)

• Magnet:

• Disassembling/transportation and initial refurbishing by JLab

• Cost covers modification, add front end cap, add back donuts-shaped

detector hut, power supply, controls, manpower

• Total $4.3M + 14.1 FTE

• Support Structure, Infrastructure and Installation:

• Cost covers parts and manpower

• Total ~ $2.2M +23.4 FTE

• Software, Oversight:

• Cost covers manpower

• 12 FTE (-contribution 2 FTE)

Cost Estimation for Subsystems (III)

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• Used JLab overhead ~ 50%

• Contingency:

•Currently flat (average) 35%

• Will vary amongst sub-systems

• Mostly standard/known technologies

• Risks evaluated, “high” risk items studied with simulations and R&Ds

• Cherenkov PMTs in magnetic field

• High rate tracking

• High rate effect on MRPC resolution

• High background for EM Calorimeter and Baffle design

• High rate and DAQ

• Total Project Cost ~ $5.9M (FY14 Dollor)

• Total Request to DOE ~ $4.8M (FY14 Dollor)

Overhead, Contingency and Total Cost

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• SoLID baseline equipment:

• Designed for large acceptance and high luminosity

high rate/high radiation environment

• Realistic simulations with physics and full background

• Two configurations: SIDIS-J/y, PVDIS

• Pre-conceptual design complete

• Pre-R&D progress

• SoLID project and cost estimation

• Strong collaboration with clear responsibilities for sub-systems

• Project oversight

• Assumptions on baseline equipment and other dependencies

• Initial cost/manpower estimation

Summary

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Cost and Manpower Estimation (I)

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Cost and Manpower Estimation (II)

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