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Overview of Regulatory Changes, Policy and Implementation
Colleen Brisnehan
Colorado Department of Public Health And EnvironmentHazardous Materials and Waste Management Division
September 25, 2012
Draft Revisions to Asbestos-Contaminated Soil Regulation
Ongoing stakeholder process– Continue to revise and refine language
Clarify and refine requirements:– Definitions– Applicability– Exemptions
Provide relief where possible:– Disposal & Reuse– Management & Monitoring
Key Definition Changes
Old: Asbestos Contaminated Soil (ACS)
– Soil containing any amount of asbestos.
New: Regulated Asbestos Contaminated Soil (RACS)
– Based on high potential to release asbestos fibers
Non-Regulated Asbestos Contaminated Soil (Non-RACS)– Based on low potential to release asbestos fibers
ApplicabilityAny person who disturbs debris must:
– Determine if the debris is RACS:• Exempt from Section 5.5?• Material known to contain asbestos?• Determine asbestos content:
o analysis of asbestos content, oro knowledge of asbestos content (e.g. previous analysis), or
o assume RACS
Disturbance of RACS– Must comply with Section 5.5, or– Must cease disturbance and cover disturbed RACS
• Generated RACS not disposed or reused in accordance with Section 5.5 is subject to the requirements of the Act and Regulations (i.e., landfill requirements)
NEW
Exemptions
Section 5.5 Does Not Apply to:– Disturbance of Non-RACS
– Abatement of facility components under AQCC Regulation No. 8
– Spill response under AQCC Regulation No. 8
– “Background” not associated with site activities
– Active Disposal Facilities with a CD
– De Minimis Disturbance of RACS • Less than 1 cubic yard using low-emission methods
– Projects by home owner on primary residence
NEW
Management OptionsSite Specific Asbestos Management Plan
– Propose/implement site/project specific procedures– Provides for more site specific considerations
Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)– Implement pre-approved standard procedures– Amendments for project specific considerations
Best Management Practices (BMP)– Implement pre-defined management procedures
Risk Based Asbestos Management Plan– Propose/implement project specific risk-based
emissions criteria
NEW
NEW
Disposal & ReuseDisposal:
– RACS with > 1% friable ACM• Dispose as friable asbestos waste
– RACS with < 1% friable ACM• Dispose as non-friable asbestos waste
– Non-RACS• Dispose as C&D waste
Reuse:– Reuse within area of contamination
• Cover requirements, no covenant required
– Reuse outside area of contamination• Beneficial reuse determination, may require covenant
NEW
NEW
NEW
New Groundwater Standards
Commission Passed August 13, 2012
Become effective January 31, 2013
Key Changes (ug/l):
– Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) - 17 or 5M
– cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene - 14 to 70M
– Trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene - 140 or 100M
– 1,1,1-Trichloroethane - 14,000 or 200M
– 1,4-Dioxane - 0.35 (currently 3.2)– Perchlorate - 4.9
Beneficial Groundwater Use
The Issue:
Naturally occurring inorganic constituents often exceed surface water standards
– Can significantly impact dewatering project costs
– Treatment required before discharge→ or must dispose offsite
Solution:
Land apply for wetting or dust suppression– All constituents must meet groundwater standards
– Must prevent run-off
Beneficial Use of Solid Waste
Section 8 of the Solid Waste Regulations– No adverse impact on groundwater– No surface water impact– Must meet unrestricted use concentrations
• alternatively, requires use restriction under a covenant
– Must meet established engineering specifications– Must be a demonstrated benefit associated with use– Must be used as a substitute for, or in conjunction
with, a commercial product or raw material
What is an Environmental Covenant
Legally enforceable mechanism controlling land use
Gives regulators authority to enforce land and water use restrictions in cleanup and closure decisions
Binding against current and subsequent land owners or any person using the land
Injunctive relief only; no penalties
Statute silent as to whether EC is property right vs. regulatory (policy power) device
C.R.S. §§ 25-15-317 to 327
What is a Restrictive Notice Alternative mechanism to EC; similar function
Created in 2007 amendment to EC law
Necessitated by federal agencies’ refusal to grant covenants
Explicitly based on state’s police power
May be issued unilaterally, but only against property owned by a party being required to remediate contamination
Institutional Controls
Required when a “remedial decision” is made:– On a remediation project– Residual contamination not safe for all uses– Engineered structures relied upon
Required for final remedial decisions:– No further treatment or removal is planned– Waste is capped in place – Contamination remains above unrestricted use levels– Remedy relies on pump-and-treat or natural attenuation
Not required for VCUP remediation projects
Institutional Controls (cont.)
Not required for interim measures not intended as the final remedial decision: – In-situ treatment requiring limited applications– Number of required treatments not known in advance– Use of innovative or unproven technology– Removal of soil impacting groundwater
Result of final remedial decision based on:– Conditions at completion of remedy construction – Time necessary for monitoring to demonstrate design
goals have been met
Timing of Institutional Controls
Submit covenant or restrictive notice: – Based on schedule in remedial decision document – 30 days after completion of remedy construction– 30 days after remedial decision for IC only remedies
Sites with multiple remediation projects:– Division and facility to determine best approach
• Single site-wide covenant• One covenant per remediation project• Multiple covenant covering one or more projects
– Division may exercise discretion regarding timing of covenant execution