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Overview of Philippine

Geohazards Programs

Renato U. Solidum, Jr.

Department of Science and Technology

Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology

53rd CCOP Annual Session

CCOP-IUGS Task Group on Geohazards Joint Seminar

Cebu City, PHILIPPINES

October 18, 2017

THE PHILIPPINES: A COUNTRY PRONE

TO MANY NATURAL HAZARDS

Earthquake Tsunami Volcanic eruption

Typhoon Storm surge Flood Landslide

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Hydro-Meteorological Hazards

Typhoon Yolanda, 2013

(Y It Happened)

• An average of 20

tropical cyclones

affects the country

annually

• These are

accompanied by

heavy rains and

strong winds that may

produce floods,

landslides and

storm surges

• Other weather

systems bring rains

Tropical Cyclone Ondoy, 2009:

Flood in Metro Manila and Nearby Provinces

Source: Associated Press

• Heavy rain and strong

winds

• PhP 11 billion damage to

infrastructure and

agriculture

• Affected 4.9 million

people

• 464 killed, 529 injured, 37

missing

• 15,800 families or 70,000

people sheltered in

evacuation area

* NDCC

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Severe Wind and Storm Surge in Eastern Visayas

Due to Tropical Cyclone Yolanda, 2013

• 6183 died

• 36.7 billion pesos total

damage

NDRRMC

2006 Guinsaugon, St. Bernard Landslide

• deep, slide surface 80 meters below

•21 million cubic meters

• ~ 1000 dead

• 281 houses totally damaged; whole village covered

Guinsaugon was fronting a steep slope,

which is heavily fractured and covered by

an old landslide deposit

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Geological Hazards

The country hosts ~300

volcanoes, of which, 24

are considered active

More than 90 destructive

earthquakes, 40 tsunamis

since 1600s

SEISMICITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

1976 M7.9 Moro Gulf Earthquake and Tsunami

• First tsunami wave reported within 2 to 5 minutes of the main shock

• Tsunami height up to 9 meters

• Death ~6000

• Injury ~8000

• Rendered homeless ~90,000

• Damage PhP400 million (1976 value)

Village inundated by tsunami

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M7.8 July 16, 1990 Luzon Earthquake• Affected north and central

Luzon

• Casualties: Dead – 1,283Injured – 2,786Missing – 321

• Houses and Buildings Damaged:

Total – 25,305Partial – 77,249

• Estimated total damage: PhP 12.225 B

* NDCC

1991 Pinatubo Eruption

SACOBIA PYROCLASTIC FLOW FAN, 1991

• 10.1 Billion pesos

(~$ 230 Million)

worth of property,

infrastructure,

agricultural crops

and forest land

destroyed

• More than a

million people

affected; 20,000

Aetas displaced

• ~ 300 fatalities

from eruption

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Goals of Disaster Risk Reduction

and Management

• Reduce losses

• Ensure effective and efficient disaster

response

• Fast recovery, build better

• Know Hazards and Risks

<- Hazard and Risk Assessment

• Monitor

<- Monitoring

• Warn and Disseminate Information

<- Communication

• Respond Appropriately and Timely

<- Preparedness, Mitigation, Response, Recovery

Key Actions for DRRM

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HAZARDS AND RISK

ASSESSMENT

ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN NATURAL

HAZARDS AND RISK ASSESSMENT

Department of Science and Technology (DOST)

PHIVOLCS– earthquake, tsunami and volcano-related hazards and scenarios

PAGASA– flood and storm surge hazard; climate change scenarios

Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)

MGB – flood and landslide

NAMRIA – aerial photography and remote sensing, topographic base mapping, geoportal development

Academe

*DOST funded projects: DREAM-LiDAR (LiDAR topography,

flood hazards; NOAH (rain-triggered landslide, storm surge)

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Geohazards Programs of MGB-DENR

• Major focus on rain-related hazards (Landslides

and Flood mapped at 1:50,000 to 1:10,000 scale),

sinkhole and coastal geohazards

PHIVOLCS VOLCANIC HAZARD AND

RISK ASSESSMENT PROGRAM

Taal Volcano Base

Surge Hazard MapMayon Volcano Lahar

Hazard Map

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PHIVOLCS EARTHQUAKE HAZARD AND

RISK ASSESSMENT PROGRAM

Earthquake hazard mapping: active faulting,

ground shaking, liquefaction, landslide and

tsunami

PHIVOLCS ACTIVE FAULTS MAPPING

AND PALEOSEISMOLOGY

CEBU FAULT SYSTEM:

CENTRAL CEBU FAULT

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READY PROJECT (Hazard Mapping and Assessment

for Effective Community-Based Disaster Risk Management)

CSCAND Team (PHIVOLCS, PAGASA, MGB, NAMRIA, OCD)

- Multi-hazard maps (hydro-meteorological and geological of1:50,000,

1:10,000 to 1:5000) for 30 provinces

Cavite - Flood Cavite – Ground Shaking

Cavite – Liquefaction Cavite – Tsunami

DOST PROJECT NOAH(National Operational Assessment of Hazards)

- DREAM (LIDAR Mapping and Flood Assessment)

- Landslide Mapping

- Storm Surge Mapping

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RISK ASSESSMENT OF URBAN AREAS

• Conducted

earthquake risk

assessment for

Metropolitan Manila

and surrounding

four provinces

Metro Manila Earthquake

Impact Reduction Study, 2004

Greater Metro Manila READY

Project (2015)

Risk Analysis Project, 2013

• Conducted multi-

hazard risk

assessment

(earthquake, flood

and severe wind)

for Metropolitan

Manila

Building Damage & Casualty EstimatesFOR METRO MANILA FROM A WEST VALLEY FAULT EARTHQUAKE

Risk Analysis Project, 2013 – PHIVOLCS, UP-ICE, GA (AusAID)

M7.2 M6.5Total Floor Area in Complete 88,142,000 65,407,000

to Collapsed Damage (sqm)

Total Floor Area in Slight 172,924,000 162,799,000to Extensive Damage (sqm)

Total Fatalities (Death) 31,000 23,000

Total Injuries Very Serious 14,000 10,000Serious 112,000 85,171Slight 385,000 302,000

Total Economic Losses (millions of PhP) 2,269,000 1,773,000

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• Hazard assessment module- tools for assessing earthquake

hazards; preparing scenarios

- static maps of various hazards

(geological, hydro-meteorological)

can be integrated

• Exposure data base module- contains database of elements at

risk which can be updated by local

government

• Impact assessment module- can estimate damage to buildings,

casualty, economic loss

Development of Risk Assessment Tool

* Interoperable with QGIS, being shared

with local governments, national

agencies, academic partners and industry

Rapid Earthquake Damage Assessment System

With Rapid Earthquake Damage Assessment System (REDAS)

Earthquake ImpactAssessmentModule

Flood Loss Assessment Tool

Severe WindImpact ModellingModule

OTHER RISK ASSESSMENT TOOLS

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HAZARD AND RISK INFORMATION THROUGH

WEB AND PHONE APPLICATIONS

The PHIVOLCS FaultFinder(locate the nearest active fault from a

specified location or the named barangay).

http://faultfinder.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph

The NAMRIA Philippine

Geoportal and PHIVOLCS

Geoportal (web-GIS based

portal, to view and collate multi-

hazard and risk maps)

www.geoportal.gov.ph

The DOST funded project

DREAM - LIDAR (shares LiDAR,

flood hazard and resource maps)

lipad.dream.upd.edu.ph

http://geomatics.phivolcs.dost.

gov.ph:8080/geoportal/

MONITORING AND WARNING

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Weather and Climate Monitoring by

PAGASA

1. Public weather forecasts

2. Shipping forecast

3. Weather Bulletins

a) Weather Advisory

b) Tropical Cyclone Alert

c) Tropical Cyclone Warning

d) Tropical Cyclone Warning

for Shipping

4. Gale Warning

5. Rainfall Warning

RESPONSE/

ACTION

Integrated Multi-Parameter Volcano Monitoring

Observatory Head Office

Observa

tion

Station

w/ LOS

Repeater

Station

Observation

Station

w/o LOS

Satellite

Earthquake

GPS

Visual

IP Camera

Pinatubo

Taal MayonBulusan

Hibok-hibok

MatutumParker

Kanlaon

PHIVOLCS Volcano Monitoring Network

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PHIVOLCS EARTHQUAKE MONITORING

NETWORK• 96-station network (seismographs)

Unmanned

stations with

satellite

communication

Data Receiving Center at Main Office

Digital Seismic Record

Network Existing

Real-time

tide

gauges

*19 (PHIVOLCS thru

JICA)

5 (PTWC, RIMES,

GLOSS)

5 (PHIVOLCS thru

Satreps)

Community

tsunami

detection &

warning

system

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(PHIVOLCS)

• on-going completionPHIVOLCS thru JICA

PHIVOLCS Community

Tsunami Detection

TSUNAMI MONITORING AND WARNING

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Cell Site

Community Tsunami early Warning System –

PHIVOLCS

PHIVOLCS/ASTI and LGUs

Tsunami Visualization and Decision Tool Communities

Tsu

nam

i D

ete

cti

on

Sta

tio

ns

Early Warning System for

Deep-Seated Landslide

Schematic diagram of monitoring system.

• The monitoring system at 50 sites

uses sensors that measure tilt and

soil moisture placed every one (1)

meter node of a borehole setup

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DOST’s R&D Agenda for DRR-CCAM Priorities

1. Observation and

Monitoring Networks

2. Technology Development

and Application for

Monitoring

3. Modeling and Simulation

for Improvement of

Monitoring and

Forecasting

4. Hazards, Vulnerability and

Risk Assessment

5. Warning and Risk

Communication

6. Technology Development

and Application for

Climate Change

Adaptation and Mitigation

7. Technology Development

and Application for

Disaster Risk

Management

8. Policy Research

SUMMARY

• The Philippines Geohazards Programs

focus on:

- Hazards and Risk Assessment

- Monitoring

- Warning and Information Dissemination

- Appropriate and timely actions

• These are continuing programs to guide

whole of society’s involvement to reduce

disaster risks.

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/PHIVOLCS

@phivolcs_dost

www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph

THANK YOU.