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Overview of MDIC Takaful and Insurance Benefits Protection System Afiza Abdullah 7 th DICJ Roundtable Tokyo, Japan 7 March 2013

Overview of MDIC Takaful and Insurance Benefits … Background About MDIC Public Policy Objectives Principles for Developing Insurance Guarantee Schemes Designing Takaful & Insurance

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Page 1: Overview of MDIC Takaful and Insurance Benefits … Background About MDIC Public Policy Objectives Principles for Developing Insurance Guarantee Schemes Designing Takaful & Insurance

Overview of MDIC Takaful and Insurance Benefits 

Protection SystemAfiza Abdullah

7th DICJ RoundtableTokyo, Japan7 March 2013

Page 2: Overview of MDIC Takaful and Insurance Benefits … Background About MDIC Public Policy Objectives Principles for Developing Insurance Guarantee Schemes Designing Takaful & Insurance

Agenda

Background

About MDIC

Public Policy Objectives

Principles for Developing Insurance Guarantee Schemes

Designing Takaful & Insurance Benefits Protection System (TIPS) –Main Considerations 

Critical Success Factors

Salient Features of TIPS

Benefits of Integrated System ‐ the Malaysian Experience

Challenges

Going Forward 

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Page 3: Overview of MDIC Takaful and Insurance Benefits … Background About MDIC Public Policy Objectives Principles for Developing Insurance Guarantee Schemes Designing Takaful & Insurance

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Page 4: Overview of MDIC Takaful and Insurance Benefits … Background About MDIC Public Policy Objectives Principles for Developing Insurance Guarantee Schemes Designing Takaful & Insurance

BackgroundMDIC is a statutory body established under the Malaysia Deposit InsuranceCorporation Act (PIDM Act)

Established in September 2005 to administer the nationaldeposit insurance system aimed at protecting depositors

Government Deposit Guarantee (GDG): 16 October 2008 – 31 December 2010

Insurance Guarantee Scheme Fund (ex‐post) managed by Bank Negara Malaysia(BNM) since 1996

As part of the GDG exit plan, BNM proposed MDIC to establish an insurancecompensation scheme with broader function than IGSF

MDIC’s mandate has been extended to protect Takaful andInsurance Benefits Protection System (TIPS) since 31 Dec 2010

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Page 5: Overview of MDIC Takaful and Insurance Benefits … Background About MDIC Public Policy Objectives Principles for Developing Insurance Guarantee Schemes Designing Takaful & Insurance

Governance of MDIC• MDIC reports to Parliament through Minister of Finance

• MDIC is an operationally independent government agency (statutory body) that complements prudential regulatory and supervisory role of the Central Bank of Malaysia (BNM) by providing safety net for depositors and insurance policyholders

• Board of Directors structure

– Chairman appointed by Minister of Finance

– Governor of BNM (ex officio)

– Secretary General of Treasury (ex officio)

– Not more than 6 members from the public and private sectors appointed by Minister of Finance 

• CEO – Appointed by Minister of Finance on the recommendation of the Board of Directors. Not a member of the Board of Directors.

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Page 6: Overview of MDIC Takaful and Insurance Benefits … Background About MDIC Public Policy Objectives Principles for Developing Insurance Guarantee Schemes Designing Takaful & Insurance

MDIC’s Mandates

6Page 6

(1)

• Administer deposit insurance system (DIS) and takaful and insurance benefits protection system (TIPS) under the MDIC Act.

(2)

• Provide insurance or protection against the loss of part or all of:• deposits; and• takaful or insurance benefits.

(3)

• Provide incentives for sound risk management in the financial system.

(4)

• Promote or contribute to the stability of the financial system.

In achieving its objects under (2) and (3), MDIC shall act in such manner as to minimize costs to the financial system

Page 7: Overview of MDIC Takaful and Insurance Benefits … Background About MDIC Public Policy Objectives Principles for Developing Insurance Guarantee Schemes Designing Takaful & Insurance

Enhanced Role of MDICMDIC administers 2 separate financial 

consumer protection systems

Deposit Insurance System

• Protects against loss of deposits up to RM250,000

• 2 separate Funds:

Conventional 

Islamic

Takaful and Insurance Benefits 

Protection System

• Protects against loss of eligible takaful and insurance benefits up to prescribed limits

• 4 separate Funds: 

Life (conventional + Islamic)

General (conventional + Islamic)

All legislative powers of MDIC apply to both systems

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Part I PRELIMINARY Section 1.  Short title and commencement 2. Interpretation 

Part II MALAYSIA DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION Chapter 1 Objects and operations • Amended to include TIPSChapter 2 Board of Directors • No key amendmentsChapter 3 Chief Executive Officer • No key amendmentsChapter 4 Officers and employees • No key amendmentsChapter 5 Duties and powers • No key amendmentsChapter 6 Finance • Amended to include non consolidation of funds for TIPS

Page 8

Malaysia Deposit Insurance Corporation Act 2011

Part III MEMBERSHIP, CANCELLATION AND TERMINATION • To include insurer member

Part IV DEPOSIT INSURANCE Chapter 1 Scope of coverage• No key amendmentsChapter 2 Premiums • No key amendmentsChapter 3 Payments• No key amendments

Part V  (NEW)TAKAFUL AND INSURANCE BENEFITS PROTECTION Chapter 1 Scope of coverage 68.  Definitions 69. Scope of coverage for takaful certificates and insurance 

policies70. Transfers of certificates or policies among insurer members Chapter 2 Premiums 71.  First premium in respect of insurer members 72.  Annual premium in respect of insurer members 73.  Calculation of annual premium in respect of insurer 

members 74.  No set‐off in respect of insurer members 

Page 9: Overview of MDIC Takaful and Insurance Benefits … Background About MDIC Public Policy Objectives Principles for Developing Insurance Guarantee Schemes Designing Takaful & Insurance

Part VI EXAMINATION OF MEMBER INSTITUTIONS 96. The Corporation or Bank Negara Malaysia, upon request by 

the Corporation, may examine the operations of a member institution.

• No other key amendments

Part VII ACTIONS BY THE CORPORATION Chapter 1 Actions in respect of non‐viable member institutions • No key amendmentsChapter 2  (New)Provisions relating to bridge institution 118.  Designation of bridge institution 119.  Publication of notice 120.  Bridge institution authorized to carry on business 121.  Non‐application of requirements 122. Bridge institution not a successor employer 123.  Power to give directions 124. Assumption of portion of uninsured deposit or unprotected 

benefit liability 125. Stay in respect of bridge institution 126.  Notice of intention to continue proceedings 127.  Assistance to bridge institution 128. Corporation may hold shares of member institution 

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Malaysia Deposit Insurance Corporation Act 2011

75. Premium surcharge in respect of insurer members 76.  Overdue charges in respect of insurer members 77.  Premium regulations in respect of insurer members 78. Premiums and surcharges on insurer members deemed earnedChapter 3 Payments 79.  Payment in respect of protected benefit 80.  Obligatory payment in respect of protected benefit 81.  Discretionary payment in respect of protected benefit 82.  Advance payment in respect of protected benefit 83.  Cessation of insurance policies and takaful certificates on 

winding up 84.  Determining the obligatory payment for family solidarity takaful

certificates and life policies 85. Determining the obligatory payment for general takaful

certificates and general policies 86.  Notification by the Corporation 87.  Calculation of return or interest on protected benefit for 

obligatory payment 88.  Corporation may pay return or interest on obligatory payment 

in respect of protected benefit 89.  Calculation of return or interest on protected benefit for 

discretionary payment 90.  Discharge of liability, etc., in respect of protected benefit 91.  Subrogation in respect of protected benefit 92.  Assignment in respect of protected benefit 93.  Time limitation for claim in respect of protected benefit 94.  Independent actuary 

Page 10: Overview of MDIC Takaful and Insurance Benefits … Background About MDIC Public Policy Objectives Principles for Developing Insurance Guarantee Schemes Designing Takaful & Insurance

Part VIII  (New)STABILISATION COVERAGE 

Part IX POWERS IN RELATION TO ASSETS ACQUIRED BY THE CORPORATIONChapter 1 Acquisition and disposal by the Corporation • No key amendmentsChapter 2 Provisions relating to a conservator• No key amendments

Part X OFFENCES • No key amendments

Part XI GENERAL PROVISIONS • No key amendments

Part XII REPEAL, SAVINGS AND TRANSITIONAL • Added transfer of IGSF from BNM

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Malaysia Deposit Insurance Corporation Act 2011

Chapter 3 General provisions relating to winding up • No key amendmentsChapter 4 Specific provision on winding up of deposit‐taking member • No key amendmentsChapter 5  (NEW)Specific provisions on winding up of insurer member 135.  Interpretation 136.  Winding up of insurer member on application by persons other 

than the Corporation 137.  Notice of winding‐up proceedings by persons other than 

Corporation 138.  Liquidator’s reports and accounts 139.  Statement of affairs 140.  Order of certain payments in the winding up of an insurer 

member 141. Application of takaful funds or insurance funds in the winding 

up of a takaful operator or insurance company142.  Order of payments in relation to assets of a takaful operator or 

insurance company 143.  Waiver of strict proof of debt 144.  Non‐application of certain provisions in the Companies Act 

1965, Insurance Act 1996 and Takaful Act 1984 

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Page 12: Overview of MDIC Takaful and Insurance Benefits … Background About MDIC Public Policy Objectives Principles for Developing Insurance Guarantee Schemes Designing Takaful & Insurance

Public Interest as the Primary Objective• by alleviating financial loss to the policy owners in the event of a failure and enhancing the stability of the financial system

Provide a financial safety net for financial consumers of the 

insurance and takaful industry

• by minimising competitive distortion amongst players in the financial sector

Accord similar protection for consumers of the insurance and 

banking industry

• by education• by maintaining public confidence

Promote and contribute to the growth of the insurance and 

takaful industry

• through risk assessment & monitoring and differential levy system

Complement  supervisor’s efforts to promote sound risk management of insurance and 

takaful operators

• enable prompt and effective intervention and resolution measures

• in a manner as to minimise cost to the financial system

Explicit intervention and resolution powers

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Page 14: Overview of MDIC Takaful and Insurance Benefits … Background About MDIC Public Policy Objectives Principles for Developing Insurance Guarantee Schemes Designing Takaful & Insurance

Guiding Principles Shaped the Design of Insurance Guarantee Scheme

14

Support financial stability

Appropriate level of coverage ‐ balance 

moral hazard and long term efficiency and competitiveness

Reasonable balance in enhancing protection for policyholders and 

minimising unnecessary burden to insurance industry

Provide equitable coverage for 

conventional and Islamic financial 

consumersEnsure Shariah

compliance in takafulmatters

Ensure needs and requirements of local environment and 

economic developments are met by the design features

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Page 16: Overview of MDIC Takaful and Insurance Benefits … Background About MDIC Public Policy Objectives Principles for Developing Insurance Guarantee Schemes Designing Takaful & Insurance

Consideration Factors

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• Same agency for deposit insurance scheme and TIPS?•Government administered or privately administered?

Institutional arrangements

•Compulsory or voluntary membership? •Members institutions to include direct insurers or intermediaries or reinsurers?

Membership

•No limit ‐ full protection/unlimited cover?• Limited ‐ based co‐sharing or absolute limit?•Aggregation ‐ per policy or per life insured? 

Limits

•Persons protected ‐ individuals, small enterprises or corporations?•Products protected ‐ based on types of policies or benefits?Scope

•Levy ‐ ex‐post, ex‐ante or use of target fund size?• Liquidity needs ‐ Government credit line, borrow or raise funds?Funding

Page 17: Overview of MDIC Takaful and Insurance Benefits … Background About MDIC Public Policy Objectives Principles for Developing Insurance Guarantee Schemes Designing Takaful & Insurance

Consideration Factors

17

• Levy based on gross premiums, net premiums, liabilities or actuarial reserves? 

• Levy calculated on broad basis (overall) or narrower basis (only on protected policy/benefit/limit)?

Assessment Base

•Use of single fund or multiple separate funds?• For multiple separate funds ‐ basis of allocation of income and expenses? 

Protection Funds

•Liquidation ‐ any subrogation rights for the claims paid from the guarantee fund?Subrogation

•Avoidance of prohibited elements.• Setting‐up of separate fund and investment in shariah compliant instruments.

• Contractual relationship between guarantee provider and takafuloperator.

Takaful Specific Issues 

(considerations to be Shariah compliant)

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Page 19: Overview of MDIC Takaful and Insurance Benefits … Background About MDIC Public Policy Objectives Principles for Developing Insurance Guarantee Schemes Designing Takaful & Insurance

Critical Success Factors

19

Mandate ‐ to be all 

encompassing

Governance ‐ establishment, 

reporting structure‐ Board composition, administration of 

fund

Funding ‐ readily available pool to deal with 

failure‐ support of 

Government or ability to borrow/ raise funds to meet liquidity needs

Relationship with key 

Stakeholders‐ co‐operation with 

Supervisory Authority and MOF

Vast Resolution & Intervention 

Powers  ‐ explicit early 

intervention powers‐ bridge institution

Communication and Public Awareness‐ consumer 

education initiatives targeted to promote 

awareness  

Legal Protection‐ when acting in 

good faith

StabilisationCoverage‐ to maintain stability during financial crisis

‐ extend protection to non members or protection exceeding 

limit/scope

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Page 21: Overview of MDIC Takaful and Insurance Benefits … Background About MDIC Public Policy Objectives Principles for Developing Insurance Guarantee Schemes Designing Takaful & Insurance

TIPS ‐ Implemented 31 December 2010

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TIPS DesignEnsure 

comprehensive and even protection to policy owners

Avoid distortion of competition 

Reduce adverse incentives

Ensure cost efficiency in the resolution of a non‐viable insurer

Enhance market confidence and 

stability

NOTE:Insurance policy owners also include takaful certificate ownersInsurance companies also include takaful operatorsInsurance benefits also include takaful benefits

Page 22: Overview of MDIC Takaful and Insurance Benefits … Background About MDIC Public Policy Objectives Principles for Developing Insurance Guarantee Schemes Designing Takaful & Insurance

Key Features of TIPS Protection

Protection:• Based on benefits and not by type of insurance policies

Eligibility Condition:• The policy must be denominated in Ringgit Malaysia• The policy must be issued by a licensed insurer in Malaysia

Policy Owners Protected:• Generally, all types of policy owners are protected ‐

individuals, corporations, sole proprietors, charitableorganisations, partnerships, societies etc

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Page 23: Overview of MDIC Takaful and Insurance Benefits … Background About MDIC Public Policy Objectives Principles for Developing Insurance Guarantee Schemes Designing Takaful & Insurance

Members

Membership is mandatory and automatic: a legal requirement for carrying on insurance business.

MANDATORY

EXCLUDED

Page 23

• Life insurance companies• General insurance companies• General takaful operators• Family takaful operators

• Reinsurers• Financial guarantee insurer• International takaful operators• Agents, brokers etc

Page 24: Overview of MDIC Takaful and Insurance Benefits … Background About MDIC Public Policy Objectives Principles for Developing Insurance Guarantee Schemes Designing Takaful & Insurance

24

Protection ‐ Life Insurance

Protected Benefits Limit

Death and related benefits RM500,000

Permanent disability RM500,000

Critical illness RM500,000

Maturity value (excluding unit portion of investment‐linked policies) RM500,000

Surrender value RM500,000

Accumulated cash dividend RM100,000

Disability income RM10,000 per month

Annuity income RM10,000 per month

Medical expenses 100% of expenses incurred

Refundable prepaid premiums 100% of amount prepaid

Person Eligible: Policy owners of Ringgit‐denominated Malaysian policies.

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Page 25: Overview of MDIC Takaful and Insurance Benefits … Background About MDIC Public Policy Objectives Principles for Developing Insurance Guarantee Schemes Designing Takaful & Insurance

Protection ‐ General Insurance

25

Protected Benefits Limit

Loss of or damage to property‐ Includes  eligible (i) Immovable property (house, factory etc); (ii) Movable 

property (machinery, office equipment, cargo etc); (iii) Motor vehicle; and (iv) Ship and aircraft

RM500,000 per property

Death and related benefits RM500,000

Permanent disability RM500,000

Critical illness  RM500,000

Disability income RM10,000 per month

Medical expenses 100% of incurred expenses

Refundable prepaid premiums 100% of amount prepaid

1) Claims by eligible third parties (third party property damage and bodily injury) are also protected subject to the above limits

2) Person Eligible: Policy owners of Ringgit‐denominated Malaysian policies.

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Page 26: Overview of MDIC Takaful and Insurance Benefits … Background About MDIC Public Policy Objectives Principles for Developing Insurance Guarantee Schemes Designing Takaful & Insurance

Benefits Not Protected by MDIC

e.g. Loss of profit insured under Fire Consequential 

Loss Policy

e.g. Damages payable under Professional 

Indemnity and Directors’ & Officers Liability

e.g. Losses insured under Fidelity Guarantee Policy

Page 26

Loss of profit suffered by business 

Damages payable for professional negligence

Fraudulent losses  

committed by employees

e.g. Legal costs insured under Liability Policy

The investment portion is similar to unit trust

Legal costs

Investment portion of investment‐linked policy

Page 27: Overview of MDIC Takaful and Insurance Benefits … Background About MDIC Public Policy Objectives Principles for Developing Insurance Guarantee Schemes Designing Takaful & Insurance

Rationale for Limits

• To discourage policy owners from encashing policies during distress ‐ could hamper MDIC’s preferred resolution action ‐ transfer the policies over liquidation

Surrender Value[RM500,000]

• Based on compassionate grounds ‐ limit can cause administrative difficulty for policy owners to spread the risk and claim from several insurance companies

Medical Expenses[No cap] 

• Based on Malaysian household earnings statistics ‐majority of households will be covered in full

Disability & Annuity Income [RM10,000 per month]

Page 27

Absolute limits preferred over co‐insurance:• So that retail consumers are protected in full • Encourage policy owners to distribute their policies across more insurance companies  • Encourage policy owners to exercise discretion in selection of insurer • To some extent limit the loss to the protection fund

Limit of RM500,000 ‐Most of the policy owners will be covered in full

Page 28: Overview of MDIC Takaful and Insurance Benefits … Background About MDIC Public Policy Objectives Principles for Developing Insurance Guarantee Schemes Designing Takaful & Insurance

Protected benefits will be aggregated based on the following rule: 

Aggregation Rule

Page 28

Same Insurance Company 

Same Policy Owner

Same Risk Event

(e.g. death)

Same Life Insured or Property Insured

Page 29: Overview of MDIC Takaful and Insurance Benefits … Background About MDIC Public Policy Objectives Principles for Developing Insurance Guarantee Schemes Designing Takaful & Insurance

Illustration 1Mr Lim is employed with Troton Bhd and is insured under his employer’s Group Personal Accident Policy for RM200,000. He also has a Whole Life and an Endowment policy for himself (sum insured of RM300,000 under each policy).  All the policies were bought from XYZ Insurance Bhd. In March 2011, he died in an accident.

In the event of failure of XYZ Bhd, the application of the aggregation rule and the payment that will be made to Mr Lim are as follows:

Group PA Policy Whole Life Policy Endowment PolicyPolicy Owner Troton Bhd Mr Lim Mr Lim

Insurer XYZ Insurance XYZ Insurance XYZ Insurance

Risk Event Death Death Death

Life Insured Mr Lim Mr Lim Mr Lim

Aggregation Rule Applies? NO Will be aggregated based on “same insurer, same policy owner, same risk event and same 

life insured”.Amount Claimed RM200,000 RM300,000 RM300,000Amount Protected Under TIPS RM200,000 Capped at RM500,000

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Illustration 2Ms. Liza owns two cars and bought the motor insurance policy for both her cars (ABC 666 & IJK 888) with XYZ Insurance Bhd and had filed the following claims with the insurance company and both the claims had not been settled yet.

Date Event Description Details of Claim

Jan 2010 Ms. Liza’s car (ABC 666) was damaged in an accident Claim 1 ‐ Property damage for RM300,000

Aug 2010 Ms. Liza’s car (IJK 888) was damaged in an accident Claim 2 ‐ Property damage for RM350,000

In the event of failure of XYZ Insurance Bhd, the application of the aggregation rule and the payment that will be made to Ms. Liza are as follows:

Claim 1 Claim 2Policy Owner Ms. Liza Ms. LizaInsurer XYZ Insurance Bhd XYZ Insurance BhdRisk Event Damage to property Damage to propertyProperty Insured Car ‐ ABC 666 Car ‐ IJK 888Aggregation Rule Applies? NO NOAmount Claimed RM300,000 RM350,000Amount Protected Under TIPS RM300,000 RM350,000

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Funding

Cover annual operating expenses and build Insurance Funds over time

Government credit line facility for 

immediate liquidity needs 

Ex‐ante annual premium 

contributions

Ex‐post levies to fund unexpected losses and to 

rebuild insurance Funds when necessary

GENERAL TAKAFUL

LIFEINSURANCE

GENERALINSURANCE

FAMILY TAKAFUL

TIPS FUNDS

Combined ex‐ante and ex‐post funding by insurer members

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Maintenance of Six Separate Funds

Two (2) Funds for Deposit Insurance and Four (4) Funds for TIPS

No co‐mingling or cross‐subsidisation between Funds

Conventional Deposit Insurance Fund

GeneralInsurance Fund

LifeInsurance Fund

GeneralTakaful Fund

Family Solidarity Takaful Fund

Islamic Deposit Insurance Fund

DEPOSIT INSURANCE SYSTEM TIPS

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Premium Rate and Assessment Base• Initially was based on flat rate • Differential Levy System ‐ effective assessment year 2013 

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Rating Life Insurance General Insurance Family Takaful General Takaful

1 0.025% 0.05%

0.06% 0.25%2 0.05% 0.1%

3 0.1% 0.2%

4 0.2% 0.4%

Life Insurance/Family Takaful General Insurance/General Takaful

Assessment Base

“Total Actuarial Valuation Liabilities” as at 31December of preceding assessment year 

Total net premiums received during preceding assessment year

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Subrogation and Priority Ranking

• Subrogation

MDIC having made payments to policy owners under the TIPS,automatically steps into the shoes of the policy owners. MDIC will haverights of claim against the failed insurance company.

• Priority ranking

Insurance benefits in priority to all other unsecured liabilities

Subrogated claims of MDIC rank equally (pari passu) with unprotectedinsurance benefit liabilities.

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Characteristics of the Financial System & the Financial Supervisor

36

Integrated Financial Systems

Most banks and insurance companies in Malaysia are within the samefinancial group/conglomerate

Increasing complex interactions and interconnectedness between sectorsand players

Evolving and complex financial products

Integrated Supervisor

Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) is the supervisor for both banking andinsurance sectors in Malaysia

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Operational Efficiency & Effectiveness

37

Specialised Skills

Deposit insurance agency is well positioned to facilitate the resolution of awider range of financial institutions including insurance companies

Economies of Scale and Scope

Eliminate duplicate compliance requirements

More efficient resource allocation as agency will leverage on similarinfrastructure and supervisory resources

Integrated primary prudential regulator needs to deal with only one agencyfor deposit insurance and insurance compensation issues

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Integrated Approach

38

Co‐ordinated Policy Decision

Minimises inconsistencies and inter‐agency conflicts in policy decisions andapproach

Holistic Overview of Sectors

Provides holistic overview of the sectors and their risks in an integratedmanner

Improve Crisis Response Capabilities

Single point of contact for intervention and failure resolution matters,especially during severe financial distress

Integrated agency facilitates financial institution intervention & failureresolution

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Challenges & Solutions Implemented

40

•MDIC Act provides explicit mandate for both deposit insurance and TIPS•Accountability to the public is discharged through sub‐divisions dedicated to deposit insurance and TIPS in the MDIC Annual Report

•As a statutory body, actions are scrutinised by the Parliament

Pursuance of each mandate effectively, independently and concurrently 

•Appointment of Board members with banking and insurance experience• Internal functional separation for check and balance for both sectors

Optimal decision‐making and checks and balances

•Enhanced powers, mandates and intervention toolkits under new MDIC Act•Relationship with the regulator (BNM) ‐ reviewed the Strategic Alliance Agreement•Communication and public awareness on expanded mandate ‐ included TIPS in public awareness programme

•Specialised Expertise ‐ appointment of subject matter experts

Operational Challenges

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Implementation Issues Remaining

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Funding ‐ Basis of charging and verification of levy

‐ Differential Levy System

‐ Target fund size

Insurability Status  ‐ Framework to ascertain insurability status of benefits protected

Disclosure Requirements‐ Disclosure to policyholders on the insurability status

‐ Role of intermediaries in disclosure

Resolution Framework ‐ Polices & procedures for resolution of insurance companies

‐ Least Cost Framework‐ Valuation of liabilities at liquidation or upon transfer

‐ Systems requirements to facilitate payout

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THANK YOU