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Overview of Future Internet
Research
Jan 14, 2011
IEEE Region 10 Technical Seminar
National Taiwan University
Yong-Jin Park
Waseda University, Tokyo
Outline
• Future Internet
– Current Internet Success
– Challenges for Future Internet
– Activities
• USA
• Europe
• Japan
• Korea
• Asia: AsiaFI
– Standardization
The Internet is centric and critical infrastructure
Internet is Top 20 Engineering Innovations in 20th Century
Internet Design Principle
• Basic Goal
– Interconnecting heterogeneous
networks
• Basic Principle
– End-to-End architecture
• Stupid networks and intelligent
terminals
• Resultant Internet Architecture
– Hour-glass model having IP as
common layer
Internet Success Factors
• Well-designed protocols, based on IP –Everything on IP and IP on everything –Built from scratch –TCP/IP code was distributed free of charge
• Technology progress keeps capacity ahead of demand. • End-to-end architecture
– Applications and content creation and dissemination are easy.
• Community –Community collaborates to maintain its health
Future Internet
• The Network of the Future: Internet of 10 years later
– Internet of Things
– Internet of Service
– Internet of Security
– Internet of 3D Media
• Enabling the Future Networked Society (Future Digital Society): a magnitude of pervarsive ICT
Why Future Internet
• Internet Technology
– No big change since 1983
• All ARPANET switched to TCP/IP
• TCP gives End-to-End communication mechanism
• IP gives Hop-by-Hop delivery mechanism
• But environment has changed
– Research networks Commercial networks
– Best effort service QoS service
– Reliable users Crackers
– Fixed hosts Mobile hosts
– FTP, telnet, rlogin Web, Twitter, SNS
Challenges (1/4)
• Scale & Diversity
The globe has been getting networked
• Huge scale: – Internet hosts : 770 M (2010.6)
» originally hundreds of hosts were expected
– Internet users: 2.0 B (2010.6)
» 30% of 6.8B world population
» 450% growth in 2000-2010
– Mobile phone user : 4.6B (2009.12), 3.3 B (2007.12) http://www.internetworldstats.com
100M
The number of World Internet Users
estimation
Source: Nikkei 2011.1.7 made by using ITU data
Global mobile phonesubscriptions, billion
FORECAST
Source: Infonetics Research
Challenge (2/4) • Diversity
– Diverse Networking: BAN, HAN, Sensor Networks, MANET
– Diverse Wireless networks: Bluetooth/Zigbee/WiFi/Mobile
WiMAX/W-CDMA/LTE
– Diverse terminals: Smart Phone, Tablet PC
[Shipment]
• Smart Phone: 293M (2010) 44% 421M (2011) by IDC
(PC: 349M (2010) 10% 385M (2011) by IDC)
• Tablet PC: 19M (2009) 8 times 154M (2012) by Gartner
US continental-scale research platform for discovering and understanding impacts of climate change, land-use change, and invasive species on ecology.
NEON: National Ecological Observatory Network
Challenges (3/4)
• Security [Not required in the original Internet]
– Viruses
– DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) Attack • Yahoo, Amazon, CNN (2001, USA)
– Servers were inaccessible for three hours
• Loss caused by DDoS was more than $ 1B (2005)
– Addressing security comes at a significant cost • Estimated $50-100B spent worldwide on security in 2004
– Spam mails • 95% of the whole emails
• Reliability – e-Commerce increasingly depends on fragile Internet
Challenges (4/4)
• Rapidly growing traffic by Video
– Cisco Forecast, 2009-2014, projects that global Internet traffic will increase more than fourfold by 2014.
– Video is projected to exceed 91% of global consumer IP traffic by 2014.
• Performance
– Scientists have significant bandwidth requirements
• Each science community desires its own wavelength(s) in fibers
– 10-40-100Gbps-(1000Gbps)
AKARI Conceptual Design, NICT 2007.4
Functions have been much more stacked.
Layers have been more & more inserted.
It’s time to build a new Internet from scratch : Clean slate design!
Source: A Nakao, 2007
World Research Projects
Main Activities of Future Internet in
continents
• US NSF
– Find (Future Internet Design): Research project
– GENI (Global Environment for Networking Innovations): Testbed project
• European Union
– FIRE (Future Internet Research and Experimentation)
• JAPAN
– NWGN (New Generation Network) Forum
• KOREA
– FIF (Future Internet Forum)
GENI Conceptual Design Infrastructure to support at-scale experimentation
Mobile Wireless Network Edge Site
Sensor Network
Federated International Infrastructure
Programmable & federated, with end-to-end virtualized “slices”
Heterogeneous,
and evolving over time via
spiral development
Deeply programmable
Virtualized
GENI-enabled
at-scale
infrastructure
NSF Announces Future Internet Architecture Awards
2010.8, up to $8M each over 3years project
•Named Data Networking (Content-Centric Network)
– Moves communication paradigm from today’s focus on
“where”, i.e., addresses, severs, and hosts, to “what”, i.e.,
the content that users and application care about
•MobilityFirst
– Dealing with mobility as a first class entity allows functionalities like
context and location-aware services to fit naturally into the network
•NEBULA
– Addresses technical challenges in creating a cloud-computing-centric
architecture
•eXpressive Internet Architecture
– Exploring technical challenges in creating a single network that offers
inherent support for communication between current communicating
principles– while accommodating unknown future entities
AsiaFI (Asia Future Internet Forum)
• June 2008: AsiaFI, General Meeting, Seoul
– July 2007: First AsiaFI preparation meeting
• Objective
– to coordinate research and
development on Future Internet among countries in Asia
as well as with other continents.
• Activities
– Education
– Event
– Testbed
– Working Group
Background behind AsiaFI
Past
• 1969 ARPANet, USA
• 1982 SDN, KR
• 1984 JUNET, JP (Time gap: nearly 15 years)
Present
• 2005 NSF announced GENI Initiative
• 2006 Overlay Workshop, JP
• 2007 Future Internet Workshop, KR
• 2008 AsiaFI
(Time gap: a few years)
Contributions for developing Internet
• Current Internet
– US: 80%
– Europe: 10-15%
– Asia: Less than 5%
• Future Internet ?
– US: 1/3
– Europe: 1/3
– Asia: 1/3
Source: K Chon
Standardization
• ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC6
– Kick-off meeting on standardization on Future Network/Internet in 2007.4
• ITU-T SG13 Q21
– Q21 was established in 2008.10
• IETF/IRTF
– WGs in 2008.11
– Virtual Networks, Distributed Mobility Management
Standardization--Example
• ISO/JTC1 SC6 2010 September meeting
– Future Network: Problem Statement and
Requirements--
• Part1: overall aspects
• Part2: Naming and addressing
• Switching and routing
• Mobility
• Security
:
:
Reference
AsiaFI www.asiafi.net
EU FI Portal www.future-internet.eu
FIF www.fif.kr FIND www.nets-find.net FIRE www.ict-fire.eu
GENI www.geni.net NWGN-Forum forum.nwgn.jp
CCN ccnx.org
Appendix
Major Architecture Research Items • Addressing
– ID/Locator separation
• Management and Control
– Automatic management
– Control/Data plane separation
• Security
– Native Traceability and Accountability
• Layering
– Recursive/non-layering architecture
– Cross-layer architecture
• Diversified Internetworking
– Heterogeneous networks
– Virtualization
• User-oriented
– User-controlled routing