Overview of Exotic Physics at ATLAS

SHU LI, ON BEHALF OF THE ATLAS COLLABORATION1,a)

1Department of Physics, Duke University, Physics Bldg., Science Dr., Box 90305Durham, NC 27708, United States of America

a)Corresponding author: shuli@phy.duke.edu

Abstract. We present an overview summary of the present Exotic search analysis status and results on a broad range of topics withthe ATLAS detectors. The latest results are obtained at the center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV using proton-proton collision datacollected in the year 2015 to 2016.

INTRODUCTION

The matters in our universe are made up of fundamental particles: fermions which are responsible for the subantomiccomposition and bosons which are carriers of the forces and interactions. Standard Model (SM) has been very suc-cessfully interpreting the universe and its nature principles at a broad range of energy scale and a high precision viaelectroweak and chromodynamics quantum mechanics and field theories. The neutral Higgs boson candidate discov-ered in 2012 by the LHC has further resolved the mystery of mass origins and completed the missing fundamentalparticle and mechanism of SM. However, there are still quite a lot of ”Big Questions” concerning the anomalies,new phenomena and hypothesis which cannot be incorporated and explained by the SM, such as dark matters, extradimensions, super symmetry (SUSY) partners, higgs couplings to hidden sectors, beyond SM (BSM) Higgs partners.

As one of two general purpose experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the ATLAS experiement pro-vides a prestigious platform for general BSM new physics searches. In this proceeding, a broad overview of the latestATLAS experimental results on ”Exotic” physics is made, covering the general and specific new physics search top-ics while the BSM Higgs and SUSY are exluded. The following topics are explicitly with most of the latest resultsobtained at

√s = 13 TeV presented:

• the heavy boson resonances (W ′/Z′),• the di-jet resonances,• the di-boson resonances,• the resonances of V + Higgs (V = W/Z boson),• the Vγ/γγ resonances,• the t + X resonances,• the vector-like quark signatures,• the dark matter signatures and other unconventional signatures (”lepton-jets” and displaced tracks)

The heavy boson resonance searches

The di-lepton final state has experimentally well understood and relatively smaller SM backgrounds compared toother final states, in spirit of which it has the unique clean signature and good sensitivity towards new phenomenonsearches. Models with extended gauge groups often feature additional U(1) symmetries with corresponding heavyspin-1 Z′ bosons whose decay would manifest itself as a narrow resonance in the dilepton mass spectrum. The searchfor resonant new phenomena is performed in the dilepton invariant mass spectrum above the Z-boson pole. The 2015full dataset plus the a partial dataset of 2016 taken by the ATLAS pp collisions are conducted in this search, with anintegrated luminosity of 13.3 fb1 at

√S = 13 TeV. The highest invariant mass events are found to be at 2.38 (1.98)

TeV for di-electron (di-muon) channel. The observed dilepton invariant mass spectrum is consistent with the StandardModel prediction, within systematic and statistical uncertainties. Among a choice of different models, the data areinterpreted in terms of resonant spin-1 Z′ gauge boson production. Upper limits are therefore set on the cross-sectiontimes branching ratio for a spin-1 Z′ 0 gauge boson. The resulting lower mass limits are 4.05 TeV for the Z′S S M , 3.66TeV for the Z′χ, and 3.36 TeV for the Z′Ψ. Other E6 Z′ models are also constrained in the range between those quotedfor the Z′χ and Z′Ψ. Please consult Ref. [1] for details.

Figure 1 shows the di-electron channel m` ¯ distribution of DATA/MC comparison and the highest m` ¯ eventsrecorded by ATLAS in the currently analyzed dataset. Figure 2 shows the local p-value and Upper 95% C.L. limits onthe Z′ production cross section times branching ratio to two leptons as a function of Z′ pole mass (MZ′).

FIGURE 1. Di-electron channel m` ¯ distribution of DATA/MC comparison (left) and the highest m` ¯ events recorded by ATLASin the currently analyzed dataset (right). Taken from Ref. [1].

FIGURE 2. Local p-value (left) and Upper 95% C.L. limits (right) on the Z′ production cross section times branching ratio to twoleptons as a function of Z′ pole mass (MZ′). Taken from Ref. [1].

The dijet resonance search

A search for new physics in events with a pair of jets (dijets) produced in proton-proton collisions in the LHC at acentre-of-mass energy of

√s = 13 TeV. Mass and angular distributions of dijet events are studied with the ATLAS

detector using the data collected in 2015 and 2016, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.5 fb1 and 12.2 fb1,respectively. No significant deviations from the Standard Model predictions are observed in angular distributions; no

significant local excesses are seen in the dijet mass distribution. Exclusion limits are set at 95% CL on a selection ofbenchmark models and on generic resonant signals. Excited quarks below 5.6 TeV, heavy W bosons below 2.9 TeV,excited W bosons below 3.3 TeV, and quantum black holes with six extra spacetime dimensions for quantum gravityscales below 8.7 TeV are excluded. Limits are also set on heavy Z bosons for a range of boson masses and quarkcouplings in a dark matter mediator model. Non-resonant new physics contributions from contact interaction modelsare excluded for characteristic scales Λ below 19.9 TeV and 12.6 TeV for constructive and destructive interferencewith QCD respectively. Please consult Ref. [2] for details.

Figure 3 shows the 95% credibility-level upper limits obtained from the m j j distribution on cross-section, σ,times acceptance, for the chosen models. Clockwise from top left: q∗, quantum black holes with n = 6 generatedwith BlackMax, W ′ and W∗, where the first three use the nominal selection and the last uses the widened |y ∗ |< 1.2selection.

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FIGURE 3. 95% credibility-level upper limits obtained from the m j j distribution on cross-section, σ, times acceptance, for thechosen models: q∗ (left), quantum black holes with n = 6 generated with BlackMax (right). Taken from Ref. [2].

Di-boson resonance searches

The di-boson resonance search incorporates a broad range of topics of strong new physics search interest, such as theBSM Higgs multiplets and partners, Heavy Vector Triplet (HVT), Technicolors. Given the presence of SM W/Z/γboson pairs in SM productions (as the irreducible background for searches) and decay products predicted in varioustheory models/mechanisms, the searches have a quite some diversities in terms both the decay final states of thenew physics interpreted resonance and the further decay final states of various SM bosons. Because of the goodperformance of lepton identification at ATLAS, the massive W/Z bosons decaying into charged leptons give relativelyclean final states which have high purity against the QCD backgrounds and therefore despite the SM WW/WZ/ZZproduction irreducible backgrounds which are always well measured and precisely understood, the charged leptondecay channels give rise to the sensitivity to new physics in low mass regions but have limited sensitivities at highmass due to relatively smaller branching ratio (BR), in comparison with hadron decay final states of W/Z bosons. Inorder to probe the new physics anomalies at very high mass region where the W/Z decayed products are going tosmaller opening angles, becoming harder to be distinguished in calorimeter recorded hadronic showers as separatejets, and clusters and reconstructed as a large-Radius (large-R) jet, a jet substructure technique has been developedto extract the SM W/Z boson decayed hadrons out from the enormous QCD multi-jet backgrounds. The technique isdeployed in all the hadron decay final state analysis of massive di-boson resonance searches (including semi-leptonicW/Z + γ but excluding di-photons).

One of the experiemental hotspot in ATLAS Run-I di-boson results is the 2 TeV excess found in di-large-R-jetsearches, which has 3.4 σ local significance and 2.5 σ global significance. Please consult Ref. [3] for details. Theexcess was very well investigated in ATLAS Run-II with the combined 2015(full)+2016(partial) dataset, with the

expected sensitivity competitive with full 2012 Run-I dataset. As shown in Figure 4, the excess is revisited in 13 TeVdata and no equally evident excess is observed, which stay tuned as long as more data is accumulating. Please consultRef. [4] for details.

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The other decay channels such as W(→ `ν)V(→ qq) and Z(→ ` ¯/νν)V(→ qq) are also intensively analyzed andthe results are presented by with the same dataset at 13 TeV. The invariant mass spectra of various diboson channelsare summarized in Figure 5 and the limits on the cross section of new physics decaying into WZ are summarized inFigure 6, taking the HVT W ′ → WZ as the benchmark model which is excluded up to 2.4 TeV at 95% CL. Pleaseconsult Ref. [5, 6] for details.

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Another new experiemental hotspot is the 750 GeV new excess spotted in the high mass di-photon resonancesearch, which reported a 3.4 σ local and 2 σ global significance using the full 2015 dataset at 13 TeV of 3.2 fb−1.The same excess is investigated further with the same 2015(full)+2016(partial) combined dataset with a integratedluminosity up to 15.4 fb−1 and no evident excess is observed at 750GeV, except a much less significant (2.3 σ localand less than 1 σ global) excess at 710 GeV of the di-photon invariant mass which stay tuned with more dataset yetto be collected by ATLAS by the end of the year 2016. The di-photon invariant mass spectra of 2015 and 2015+2016combined analysis results are shown in Figure 7. In spirit of the same motivation to understand better the excess in

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FIGURE 6. The summary of the current X → di − boson cross section limits in comparison with HVT W ′ → WZ benchmarkmodel. Taken from Ref. [7].

2015, the Z(→ ` ¯/qq) + γ search is also made by ATLAS given the potential new physics signatures would likelyand hypothetically lead to both di-photon and Zγ decays. In order to reach as much as possible the best sensitivitiesfor the full mass range of Zγ, the charged leptonic and hadronic channels are combined and the limits are shown inFigure 8 using a narrow-width-approximation assuming that the new physics resonance has smaller width than thedetector resolution. No evident excess is observed in the region around 750 GeV. The analysis results make use of thefull dataset of 3.2 fb−1 collected in the year 2015 by ATLAS. Please consult Ref. [8] for details.

Dark Matter searches

In spirit of understanding the invisible sector of the universe which is made up of dark matters and their interactionswith the known fundamental particles, the ”mono-X” searches are usually taken as a unique key to these dark sectoranomalies. The theory models usually predicts the initial state raditions of the ”X” from the initial state quarks whichcouples to the dark matter particles at tree-level or even directly from the mediator that carries the interaction betweenthe initial state quarks and the final state dark matter particles. The X can be interpreted to be QCD jets, SM vectorboson W/Z/γ, the Higgs boson or even the quarkonia of heavy quarks such as tt and bb. The ATLAS experiementprovides the good platform for new physics search of dark matter given the nice performance of genuine lepton/photonidentification, missing transverse energy (Emiss

T ) reconstruction and boson tagging. The Figure 9 show the latest 13TeV results of the mono-X searchs using X = H(→ γγ/bb)/V(→ qq) final states be probing the Emiss

T distributionsfrom data. Please consult Ref. [11, 12, 13] for details. The summary of the current exclusion limits on dark mattermass-mediator mass is presented in Figure 10.

Unconventional searches at ATLAS

Besides the aformentioned ”conventional” searches, ATLAS is also putting efforts on understanding the ”hiddensectors” and unconventional signatures which are not commonly known to be incorporated in the average effectivenew phenomenology theories, super symmetry frameworks, normal dark matter models, etc. For example, Higgscoupling to hidden sector gives rise to collimiated leptons forming the ”lepton-Jets” which have the characteristics

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of collimiated jet-like structures formed by e/µ/π that is weakly coupled to SM, i.e. long-living. Experimentally,the observables give typical signature of ”displaced muons” (Muon-Spectrometer-only tracks), imbalanced jets (largeHCAL/ECAL ratio), etc. The predicted signal can be probed via looking into the back-to-back, track-isolated pair oflepton-jets recorded by ATLAS. Such search can be sensitive to BR(H →hidden sector) well below current invisibleHiggs constraints.

One of the nice search limits for long-lived neutral particles decaying into lepton-jets (collimated jets of lightleptons and mesons) can be found in Figure 12 No deviations from Standard Model expectations are observed. Limitson models predicting Higgs boson decays to neutral long-lived particles (dark photons γd), which in turn producelepton-jets, are derived as a function of the particle proper decay length, cτ. The benchmark model dark photondiagrams are shown in Figure 11, coupling to the Higgs boson and SM leptons at tree-level. Please consult Ref. [14]for details.

SUMMARY

We present a summary of the latest Exotic new physics search results done by ATLAS using 13 TeV pp collisiondata collected in the year 2015 and 2016. The search results provide the most up-to-date and stringent constraints onmany new physics models and frameworks (not including SUSY and BSM Higgs physics topics). An intensive lookhas been paid to the previous ”hotspot” excesses reported in 2015 or earlier, but by now no evident deviation can beconcluded against SM. An overall summary of the current Exotic results are presented in Figure 13.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC during Run 1 and Run 2, as well as the support staff

from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently and produce the outstanding new physicssearch results.

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ADD non-resonant ℓℓ 2 e, µ − − 20.3 n = 3 HLZ 1407.24104.7 TeVMS

ADD QBH→ ℓq 1 e, µ 1 j − 20.3 n = 6 1311.20065.2 TeVMth

ADD QBH − 2 j − 15.7 n = 6 ATLAS-CONF-2016-0698.7 TeVMth

ADD BH high∑pT ≥ 1 e, µ ≥ 2 j − 3.2 n = 6, MD = 3 TeV, rot BH 1606.022658.2 TeVMth

ADD BH multijet − ≥ 3 j − 3.6 n = 6, MD = 3 TeV, rot BH 1512.025869.55 TeVMth

RS1 GKK → ℓℓ 2 e, µ − − 20.3 k/MPl = 0.1 1405.41232.68 TeVGKK massRS1 GKK → γγ 2 γ − − 3.2 k/MPl = 0.1 1606.038333.2 TeVGKK massBulk RS GKK →WW → qqℓν 1 e, µ 1 J Yes 13.2 k/MPl = 1.0 ATLAS-CONF-2016-0621.24 TeVGKK massBulk RS GKK → HH → bbbb − 4 b − 13.3 k/MPl = 1.0 ATLAS-CONF-2016-049360-860 GeVGKK massBulk RS gKK → tt 1 e, µ ≥ 1 b, ≥ 1J/2j Yes 20.3 BR = 0.925 1505.070182.2 TeVgKK mass

2UED / RPP 1 e, µ ≥ 2 b, ≥ 4 j Yes 3.2 Tier (1,1), BR(A(1,1) → tt) = 1 ATLAS-CONF-2016-0131.46 TeVKK mass

SSM Z ′ → ℓℓ 2 e, µ − − 13.3 ATLAS-CONF-2016-0454.05 TeVZ′ massSSM Z ′ → ττ 2 τ − − 19.5 1502.071772.02 TeVZ′ massLeptophobic Z ′ → bb − 2 b − 3.2 1603.087911.5 TeVZ′ massSSM W ′ → ℓν 1 e, µ − Yes 13.3 ATLAS-CONF-2016-0614.74 TeVW′ massHVT W ′ →WZ → qqνν model A 0 e, µ 1 J Yes 13.2 gV = 1 ATLAS-CONF-2016-0822.4 TeVW′ massHVT W ′ →WZ → qqqq model B − 2 J − 15.5 gV = 3 ATLAS-CONF-2016-0553.0 TeVW′ massHVT V ′ →WH/ZH model B multi-channel 3.2 gV = 3 1607.056212.31 TeVV′ massLRSM W ′

R → tb 1 e, µ 2 b, 0-1 j Yes 20.3 1410.41031.92 TeVW′ massLRSM W ′

R → tb 0 e, µ ≥ 1 b, 1 J − 20.3 1408.08861.76 TeVW′ mass

CI qqqq − 2 j − 15.7 ηLL = −1 ATLAS-CONF-2016-06919.9 TeVΛ

CI ℓℓqq 2 e, µ − − 3.2 ηLL = −1 1607.0366925.2 TeVΛ

CI uutt 2(SS)/≥3 e,µ ≥1 b, ≥1 j Yes 20.3 |CRR | = 1 1504.046054.9 TeVΛ

Axial-vector mediator (Dirac DM) 0 e, µ ≥ 1 j Yes 3.2 gq=0.25, gχ=1.0, m(χ) < 250 GeV 1604.077731.0 TeVmA

Axial-vector mediator (Dirac DM) 0 e, µ, 1 γ 1 j Yes 3.2 gq=0.25, gχ=1.0, m(χ) < 150 GeV 1604.01306710 GeVmA

ZZχχ EFT (Dirac DM) 0 e, µ 1 J, ≤ 1 j Yes 3.2 m(χ) < 150 GeV ATLAS-CONF-2015-080550 GeVM∗

Scalar LQ 1st gen 2 e ≥ 2 j − 3.2 β = 1 1605.060351.1 TeVLQ massScalar LQ 2nd gen 2 µ ≥ 2 j − 3.2 β = 1 1605.060351.05 TeVLQ massScalar LQ 3rd gen 1 e, µ ≥1 b, ≥3 j Yes 20.3 β = 0 1508.04735640 GeVLQ mass

VLQ TT → Ht + X 1 e, µ ≥ 2 b, ≥ 3 j Yes 20.3 T in (T,B) doublet 1505.04306855 GeVT massVLQ YY →Wb + X 1 e, µ ≥ 1 b, ≥ 3 j Yes 20.3 Y in (B,Y) doublet 1505.04306770 GeVY massVLQ BB → Hb + X 1 e, µ ≥ 2 b, ≥ 3 j Yes 20.3 isospin singlet 1505.04306735 GeVB massVLQ BB → Zb + X 2/≥3 e, µ ≥2/≥1 b − 20.3 B in (B,Y) doublet 1409.5500755 GeVB massVLQ QQ →WqWq 1 e, µ ≥ 4 j Yes 20.3 1509.04261690 GeVQ massVLQ T5/3T5/3 →WtWt 2(SS)/≥3 e,µ ≥1 b, ≥1 j Yes 3.2 ATLAS-CONF-2016-032990 GeVT5/3 mass

Excited quark q∗ → qγ 1 γ 1 j − 3.2 only u∗ and d∗, Λ = m(q∗) 1512.059104.4 TeVq∗ massExcited quark q∗ → qg − 2 j − 15.7 only u∗ and d∗, Λ = m(q∗) ATLAS-CONF-2016-0695.6 TeVq∗ massExcited quark b∗ → bg − 1 b, 1 j − 8.8 ATLAS-CONF-2016-0602.3 TeVb∗ massExcited quark b∗ →Wt 1 or 2 e, µ 1 b, 2-0 j Yes 20.3 fg = fL = fR = 1 1510.026641.5 TeVb∗ massExcited lepton ℓ∗ 3 e, µ − − 20.3 Λ = 3.0 TeV 1411.29213.0 TeVℓ∗ massExcited lepton ν∗ 3 e,µ, τ − − 20.3 Λ = 1.6 TeV 1411.29211.6 TeVν∗ mass

LSTC aT →W γ 1 e, µ, 1 γ − Yes 20.3 1407.8150960 GeVaT massLRSM Majorana ν 2 e, µ 2 j − 20.3 m(WR ) = 2.4 TeV, no mixing 1506.060202.0 TeVN0 massHiggs triplet H±± → ee 2 e (SS) − − 13.9 DY production, BR(H±±L → ee)=1 ATLAS-CONF-2016-051570 GeVH±± massHiggs triplet H±± → ℓτ 3 e,µ, τ − − 20.3 DY production, BR(H±±

L→ ℓτ)=1 1411.2921400 GeVH±± mass

Monotop (non-res prod) 1 e, µ 1 b Yes 20.3 anon−res = 0.2 1410.5404657 GeVspin-1 invisible particle massMulti-charged particles − − − 20.3 DY production, |q| = 5e 1504.04188785 GeVmulti-charged particle massMagnetic monopoles − − − 7.0 DY production, |g | = 1gD , spin 1/2 1509.080591.34 TeVmonopole mass

Mass scale [TeV]10−1 1 10√s = 8 TeV

√s = 13 TeV

ATLAS Exotics Searches* - 95% CL ExclusionStatus: August 2016

ATLAS Preliminary∫L dt = (3.2 - 20.3) fb−1

√s = 8, 13 TeV

*Only a selection of the available mass limits on new states or phenomena is shown. Lower bounds are specified only when explicitly not excluded.†Small-radius (large-radius) jets are denoted by the letter j (J).

FIGURE 13. Reach of ATLAS searches for new phenomena other than Supersymmetry. Only a representative selection of theavailable results is shown. Yellow (green) bands indicate 13 TeV (8 TeV) data results. Taken from Ref. [7].

REFERENCES

[1] ATLAS collaboration, (2016).[2] ATLAS collaboration, (2016).[3] ATLAS Collaboration, JHEP 12, p. 55 (2015).[4] ATLAS collaboration, (2016).[5] ATLAS collaboration, (2016).[6] ATLAS collaboration, (2016).[7] Https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/CombinedSummaryPlots/EXOTICS/index.html.[8] ATLAS Collaboration, Phys. Lett. B764, p. 11 (2017).[9] ATLAS Collaboration, JHEP 09, p. 1 (2016).

[10] ATLAS collaboration, (2016).[11] ATLAS collaboration, (2016).[12] ATLAS collaboration, (2016).[13] ATLAS collaboration, (2015).[14] ATLAS collaboration, (2016).