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Overview of Earth’s Heat-Trapping Gases. Lesson 4. Electromagnetic Spectrum. http://9-4fordham.wikispaces.com/Electro+Magnetic+Spectrum+and+light. Earth’s Magnetosphere . The Earth’s Atmosphere (60 miles thick). http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/k-12/airplane/atmosphere.html. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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LESSON 4
Overview of Earth’s Heat-Trapping Gases
http://9-4fordham.wikispaces.com/Electro+Magnetic+Spectrum+and+light
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Earth’s Magnetosphere
http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/k-12/airplane/atmosphere.html
The Earth’s Atmosphere (60 miles thick)
The blue line indicates the approximate intensity of radiation that penetrates Earth's atmosphere at wavelengths from the ultraviolet (UV) through the visible to the infrared. Light at low UVC wavelengths is completely absorbed by the atmospheric ozone layer, so organisms on Earth have developed no tolerance to it.
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v441/n7091/fig_tab/441299a_F1.html
Sun’s Emission Spectrum able to penetrate Earth’s atmosphere
Being light, infrared travels through space at the speed of light. Matter is not space and the Earth’s atmosphere is obviously matter. Heat is a property of matter. The rate of transmission is slowed as this energy enters the atmosphere. Work is thereby done; so heat is created. Some atmospheric molecules are more sensitive to this energy than others based on their molecular shape and bonds.
What does this penetrating energy do to Earth?
http://www.windows2universe.org/physical_science/chemistry/molecules_vibrate.html
http://www.agci.org/classroom/atmosphere/index.php
Earth’s atmosphere
http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/Perry_Samson_lectures/evolution_atm/index.html
CONSTITUENT
CHEMICAL
SYMBOL
MOLE % BONDING
Nitrogen N2 78.084 1 tripleOxygen O2 20.947 1 double
Argon Ar 0.934 -Carbon Dioxide CO2 0.035 2 double
Neon Ne 0.00182 -Helium He 0.00052 -
Methane CH4 0.00017 4 singleKrypton Kr 0.00011 -
Hydrogen H2 0.00005 1 singleNitrous Oxide N2O 0.00003 2 bonds (1
triple, 1 single)
Xenon Xe 0.00001 -Ozone O3 trace to
0.000802 single
99%
1%
Earth’s Atmospheric Composition
Objects that absorb all radiation incident upon them are called "blackbody" absorbers. The earth is close to being a black body absorber. Gases, on the other hand, are selective in their absorption characteristics. While many gases do not absorb radiation at all some selectively absorb only at certain wavelengths of energy. Those gases that are "selective absorbers" of solar energy are the gases we know as “heat-trapping gases”.
http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/Perry_Samson_lectures/evolution_atm/index.html
What is a “Heat-Trapping Gas”?
http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/images/irgreengas.JPEG
2500 nm 3330 nm 5000 nm 10000 nm 1000000 nm
http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/images/irwater.JPEG
http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/images/irmethane.JPEG
http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/images/irN2O.JPEG
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Atmospheric.transmittance.IR.jpg
Greenhouse gas ABSORBANCE (in white)
Effect of Heat-Trapping Gases
http://mrsdlovesscience.com/greenhouse/greenhouse.html
CO2 levels (parts per million) over the past 10,000 years. Blue line from Taylor Dome ice cores (NOAA). Green line from Law Dome ice core (CDIAC). Red line from direct measurements at Mauna Loa, Hawaii (NOAA).
This Is What Worries Many Scientists
0
http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2004/12/temperaturevariations-in-past-centuries-and-the-so-called-hockey-stick/
Simplified Example of a Combustion Reaction