Overview of Disease Testing: What Test for What Purpose for Major

DiseasesCindy Wolf, DVM

University of MinnesotaCollege of Veterinary Medicine

for American Sheep Industry - January 2014

What’s a major disease?

• One of perceived or real importance to youInfluenced by: – flock type/goals– geographic/climatic conditions– buying practices and biosecurity program– existing known diseases– diagnostic efforts

• One of importance to your customers• One that has cost your operation $ or has real

potential to create losses

What should you test for?• Answer may depend on what you do with

your sheep, i.e. do you sell breeding stock, commercial lambs/wool, sheep for research

• Answer is influenced by opinions, perception, data-driven reality & how will you use the results→will they change how you operate?

• Is the disease affecting your profitability?• If introduced to a naïve population, does it

have potential to affect your profitability?

Parasitology

Great comprehensive information on doing Quantitative Fecal Egg Counts

(synonyms-FEC or McMasters)

http://www.scsrpc.org/SCSRPC/Publications/part6.htm

We are often asked to train producers on how to do their own FEC due to cost and convenience. Be sure to validate your technique with an expert to trust your results. Visit www.acsrpc.org website frequently to stay current!

Free presentation describing worm tests

• http://wdiagnosticsww.slideshare.net/schoenian/worm-

Above site provides guidance of interpretation of FEC, when to intervene based on counts

• One producer’s approach to selecting parasite-resistant sheep @ http://www.acsrpc.org/Resources/PDF/BlueprintForSelection.pdf

Newish Practical Test in NZ named CARLA

• http://youtu.be/yp8zpnOC1zI• Available only in New Zealand• Though doing research worldwide• $12.50 NZD per test• Major limitation: ensuring animals get good

larval challenge

Parasitology- CaliforniaTests Specimen Type Container/

ShippingFee In state Turnaround/Labs

Parasitology

Fecal Exam-McMasters

10gm Fecesminimum required

SealedContainer

10.50 each 3-4 days/ Tulare & Turlock

http://www.cahfs.ucdavis.edu/lab_tests/

Parasitology-Texas (TVMDL)Tests Specimen Type Fee In state Fee

OutstateLocation

Feces

McMasters egg/gm count

3-5 gm $12.00 for first (1) animal(s)$6.00/ for each additional animal(s)

$14.40

$12.00

College Stationrun M-F results in 5 daysAmarillo run M-F results same day

http://tvmdl.tamu.edu/tests_services/index.php?dept=S&submit=Search

Parasitology- MinnesotaTests Fee Specimen: Shipping

Container:/Coolant:

QuantitativeFecal Egg Count 23.25 (10 or more

samples 17.00 ea)15 gm or 3 tablespoons of fresh feces

Leak-proof container/ Frozen gel packs

Days Tested: M-F 1-2 bus. days Turnaround time

http://www.cvm.umn.edu/vdl/ourservices/parasitology/home.html#qfe

Parasitology- UGaTests Fee Specimen: Turnaround:/Site:

In StateEgg Load (McMasters)

7.00 5 gm as fresh as possible;

1-2 days/Athens-Par

Out Not fixed;

7.00 Ship on ice

http://dlab.vet.uga.edu/LabsPortal/webportalCatalog/list?offset=60&max=30&sort=agent&order=asc

Take home message-there is price variability between labs.

DrenchRite

• DrenchRite® Larval Development Assay usedto detect dewormer resistance• Has specific requirements i.e. pooled sample

from 10 animals, > 500 epg, remove air from sample and protect from weather extremes, send overnight express, $450

• Call Ms. Sue Howell or Mr. Bob Storey 706.542.0742 prior to sending

• jscb@uga.edu

Ovine Progressive Pneumonia (OPP)

OPP ELISA - WSUto detect antibody 2˚ OPP virus infection

Tests Specimen Type

Fee In state Fee Outstate

Serology

Ovine Progressive Pneumonia (ELISA) -See Small Ruminant Lentivirus(CAE/OPP)

Serum, 1ml 4.20 6.30

http://www.vetmed.wsu.edu/depts_waddl/immunoDX.aspx

OPP/MVV ELISA - MinnesotaTests Fee Specimen: Shipping Container:/Coolant:

SerologyOPP MVV Elitest (ELISA) 6.00 1mL serum Tube/frozen gel packs

Days Tested: M,W,Th 2-5 bus. days Turnaround Time

OPP (AGID) 5.25 1mL serum Tube/frozen gel packs

Days Tested: M-W 2-4 bus. days Turnaround time

http://www.cvm.umn.edu/vdl/ourservices/home.html

OPP GeneticSusceptibility

Testing

Red Top (Serum tubes) for testing for infection

Purple Top (Whole Blood) for genetic susceptibility testing

OPP or ScrapieGenetic Susceptibility Testing

FTA Card Purple top tube=whole blood

FTA Card

• Also called ‘blood spot card’

• Can get blood from sterile needle & syringe or ear prick

• DNA in blood fixed to filter paper forever so can send via mail at convenient time

• To avoid microbial growth that secretes enzymes which degrade DNA:

1. Allow blood to completely dry before closing card

2. Don’t apply too much blood---slow drying

FTA Cards

Hair Card for genetic susceptibility testing

• Pluck 25-30 coarse hairs with roots(bulb) attached and place them inside adhesive layer of collection card

• DNA is within the hair roots

• Easier for many producers to collect than blood

• Most commonly used for cattle but works with sheep

Caseous Lymphadenitis

Caseous Lymphadenitis Testing(CL, CLA, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis)

1) grow the bacteria or 2) test serum for recent vaccination response or

present/past infection

Tests Specimen Type

Container/Shipping Fee In state

Bacteriology

Aerobic Culture Swab, fluid,tissue

Cool 15.90

Serology

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosisantibody SHI

Serum, 1ml RTT or serum/Cool 7.30

http://www.cahfs.ucdavis.edu/lab_tests/

Caseous Lymphadenitis-Texas (TVMDL)Tests Specimen Type Fee In state Fee

OutstateLocation

Serology

Caseous lymphadenitis screen (SHI)

1 cc serum. NOTE: Specimens that test positive will be titered at extra cost unless "screen only" is specified.

$7.20 for each animal(s)

$12.00 College Station

Caseous lymphadenitis titer (SHI)

Serum, 1mL $9.60 for each animal(s)

$14.40 College Station

.

http://tvmdl.tamu.edu/tests_services/index.php?dept=S&submit=Search

Johnes Disease

Johnes- UGaTests Fee Specimen: Turnaround:/Site:

In/OutJohnes (Culture) 25.00 Fresh tissues

or Feces2-8 wks/Tipton-Bact

Johnes – ELISA 7/8 Serum 1-4 days/Tipton-Sero; Athens-Ser

Johnes – PCR 32/50 Tissue or Feces

2-5/Tipton-Bact; Athens-Mol

Johnes –Culture Pool of 5 35.00 Feces 2-8 wks/Tipton -Bact

http://dlab.vet.uga.edu/LabsPortal/webportalCatalog/list?offset=60&max=30&sort=agent&order=asc

Testing for this disease is a whole talk by itself, which test you chose depends on what you are trying to accomplish-individual diagnosis, flock screening, individual screening.

Pneumonia

PneumoniaWashington State – College of Veterinary Medicine

In-State Out-State

Mycoplasma ovipneumoniaePrice for each sample < 4 samples

Price for each sample > 4 samples

36.80

25.00

55.20

37.50

http://www.vetmed.wsu.edu/depts_waddl/immunoDX.aspx

Footrot• Diagnosis by Examination

Brucella ovis Epididymitis

B. ovis- CaliforniaTests Specimen

TypeContainer/Shipping Fee In state

Serology

Brucella ovis antibody – ELISA (sheep) Serum, 1ml RTT or serum/Cool 8.80

http://www.cahfs.ucdavis.edu/lab_tests/

What should you test for?• Answer may depend on what you do with

your sheep, i.e. do you sell breeding stock, commercial lambs/wool, sheep for research

• Answer is influenced by opinions, perception, data-driven reality & how will you use the results→will they change how you operate?

• Is the disease affecting your profitability?• If introduced to a naïve population, does it

have potential to affect your profitability?

Washington State- College of Veterinary Medicine Testing

http://www.vetmed.wsu.edu/depts_waddl/immunoDX.aspx

Caprine/Ovine Abortion Profile: In state Out state

-BVD (VN)-Toxoplasma (IFA)-Q-fever (ELISA) -Brucella abortus (3% Card) -Chlamydia (This is a send out upon request for an additional fee)

19.30 w/out Chlamydia

28.95 w/out Chlamydia

Caprine/Ovine Biosecurity Screen:

-Small Ruminant Lentivirus (CAE/OPP) (ELISA)-CL (SHI)-Johne's (ELISA)

14.70 22.05

Caprine/Ovine Respiratory Profile:

-IBR (VN)-BVD (VN)-PI3 (VN)-BRSV (VN)-Small Ruminant Lentivirus (CAE/OPP) (ELISA)

21.00 31.50

California Animal Health Food Safety testing

Test Name Specimen Type

Container/Shipping

Fee (in state)

Abortion Antibody Panel [BTC, C. burnetii, Lepto-5, Toxoplasma, Brucella 3% (goat); B. ovis, BDV (sheep)]

Serum 1 mL RTT (red top tube) or serum/cool

31.70

Respiratory antibody panel (BDV, OPP/CAE, BTV, P13)

Serum, 1 mL

RTT or serum/cool

31.70

http://www.cahfs.ucdavis.edu/lab_tests/

TVMDL Testing

http://tvmdl.tamu.edu/tests_services/index.php?dept=S&submit=Search

Caprine/Ovine Abortion Profile:

B. abortus (CD), Bluetongue (AGID), Chlamydia (CF), L. canicola, L. grippo, L. hardjo, L. ictero, L. pomona (MAT), Q. Fever (EL), Toxoplasma IgG (IFA)

$58.60/for first (1) animal(s)$46.80/for each additional animal(s)

$62.40

$58.80

Scrapie

Use FTA card or whole blood from purple top tube for Scrapie genotyping

Scrapie- USDA ApprovedLaboratories for Genotype Testing

www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/animal_diseases/scrapie/app-labs-genotype-test.shtml

• Colorado Department of AgricultureRocky Mountain Regional Animal Health Laboratory

2331 West 31st AvenueDenver, CO 80211

Contact: Tiffany Brigner, MicrobiologistPhone: 303-477-0049

Fax: 303-458-7857Colorado Department of Agriculture Web Site

• Gene Check, Inc.1175 58th Ave. Suite 100

Greeley, CO 80634Contact: Tresea BriggsPhone: 970-472-9951

Fax: 970-472-9956http://www.genecheck.com

• GeneSeek, Inc.4711 Innovation Dr.Lincoln, NE 68521

Contact: Mr. Abe OommenPhone: 402-435-0665

Fax: 402-435-0664http://www.geneseek.com

Bluetongue

Bluetongue- CaliforniaTests Specimen

TypeContainer/Shipping Fee In state

Biotechnology

Blue Tongue virus qRT PCR (fluids) 1ml whole blood

Purple stopper EDTA tube/Cool

24.80

BlueTongue virus qRT PCR (tissue) Tissue Cool 41.80

Serology

Blue Tongue Virus – antibody(cELISA)

Serum, 1ml RTT or serum/Cool 6.80

Blue Tongue Virus – antibody AGID (export)

Serum, 1ml RTT or serum/Cool 9.60

http://www.cahfs.ucdavis.edu/lab_tests/

Bluetongue-Texas (TVMDL)Tests Specimen

TypeFee In state Fee

OutstateLocation

Serology

Bluetongue (AGID) Serum, 1ml 6.00 for first (1) animal(s)$4.80 for each additional animal(s)

$7.20

$6.00

College Station &Amarillo

Bluetongue (cELISA) Serum, 1mL 6.00 for first (1) animal(s)$4.80 for each additional animal(s)

$7.20

$6.00

CollegeStation & Amarillo

http://tvmdl.tamu.edu/tests_services/index.php?dept=S&submit=Search

Q fever – Coxiella burnetii

Sheep Placenta infected with C. burnetii

Q fever- CaliforniaTests Specimen Type Container/Shipping Fee In state

Serology

Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) Antibody ELISA

Serum, milk, plasma, 1ml

RTT or serum/Cool 11.00

http://www.cahfs.ucdavis.edu/lab_tests/

This test is used to indicate exposure or infection.

Q fever-Texas (TVMDL)gives more detailed information

regarding stage of infectionTests Specimen

TypeFee In state Fee

OutstateLocation

Serology

Q Fever (ELISA) 1 cc serum, plasma

$10.00 for each animal(s)

$12.00 College StationAmarillo

Q Fever Phase 1 and 2 (CF) 1 cc serum $18.00 for each animal(s)

$22.00 College StationAmarillo

Q fever screen for Phase 1,2 (IFA)

1 cc serum $12.00 for each animal(s)

$18.00 CollegeStation

Q fever titer for Phase 1,2 (IFA) Screen test required before titration. Screen charges will also apply.

1 cc serum 18.00 + $6.00 accession fee

24.00 + $7.50 accession fee

College Station

http://tvmdl.tamu.edu/tests_services/index.php?dept=S&submit=Search

Important Details• This presentation doesn’t include every

laboratories’ tests or every test for every disease.

• It is common to use regional labs.• Veterinary practitioners have additional costs

in sample preparation, shipping and interpretation of results.

• Sending stable samples by FedEx ground can save cost.

How can your veterinarian help with your flock’s health

• Producers need their veterinarians to:– Review their disease control program– Recommend number of animals to test– Help interpret lab test results– Review control program’s progress*Remember a veterinarian visits lots of farms and

see what works and what doesn’t, better than Dr. Google can!

Questions……