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Overview of CalNex 2010:• Sites, Platforms• Some Significant Findings, and•Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis
Overview of CalNex 2010:• Sites, Platforms• Some Significant Findings, and•Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis
CalNex Atlantis Data WorkshopJanuary 11 to 13, 2011
David ParrishNOAA/ESRL Chemical Sciences Division
Boulder, [email protected]
Overview of CalNex 2010:• Sites, Platforms• Some Significant Findings, and•Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis
Overview of CalNex 2010:• Sites, Platforms• Some Significant Findings, and•Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis
CalNex Atlantis Data WorkshopJanuary 11 to 13, 2011
http://esrl.noaa.gov/csd/calnex/
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Longitude
Ground-based monitoring stations
CalNex 2010: Field measurements
Long-term surface observations
http://www.arb.ca.gov/aqd/aqdpage.htm
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Longitude
CALGEM (LBNL/NOAA) tall tower sites
WGC
Sutro
Long-term surface observations
Instrumented tall towers
CalNex 2010: Field measurements
Marc Fischer/LBL and NOAA/GMD
http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/towers/
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Longitude
CalNex and CARES major ground sites
T0
T1
SJV
LA
Long-term surface observations
Instrumented tall towers
Major intensive ground sites
CalNex 2010: Field measurements
CARES: Rahul Zaveri/DOE
Bakersfield:
Allen Goldstein [email protected]
Ronald Cohen [email protected]
Los Angeles/Cal Tech:
Joost deGouw [email protected]
Jochen Stutz [email protected]
Jose Jimenez [email protected]
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40
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Longitude
IONS-2010 ozonesonde network
Long-term surface observations
Instrumented tall towers
Major intensive ground sites
Daily ozonesonde launches
CalNex 2010: Field measurements
http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/csd/metproducts/calnex/calnex_web/gif_archive/o3sondes/
Owen Cooper [email protected]
NOAA, Air Districts, others42
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Longitude
Long-term surface observations
Instrumented tall towers
Major intensive ground sites
Daily ozonesonde launches
Radar wind profiler network
CalNex 2010: Field measurements
Allen White [email protected]
http://esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/obs/sitemap/psd/
NOAA WP-3D flights
CalNex 2010: Field measurements
Long-term surface observations
Instrumented tall towers
Major intensive ground sites
Daily ozonesonde launches
Radar wind profiler network
Cal-Mex 2010
Mobile research platforms
NOAA WP-3D NOAA Twin OtterCIRPAS Twin OtterNASA King AirDOE G-1R/V Atlantis
Satellite observationsTES, OMI, Sciamachy, IASI
FLEXPPART transport modeling
CARB regional air quality modeling
Comparison of regional forecast models
NOAA/GFDL climate modeling
Brad Pierce global modeling
CalNex 2010: Modeling
Overview of CalNex 2010:• Sites, Platforms• Some Significant Findings, and•Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis
Overview of CalNex 2010:• Sites, Platforms• Some Significant Findings, and•Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis
CalNex Atlantis Data WorkshopJanuary 11 to 13, 2011
David ParrishNOAA/ESRL Chemical Sciences Division
Boulder, [email protected]
A12A - Monday 1020 - Overview of 2010 CalNex and CARES field studies
A13I - Monday 1340 - Aerosol characterization and optical properties
A14A - Monday 1600 - Aerosol sources and effects, including black carbon
A21H - Tuesday 0800 - Gas phase species sources and distributions
A22B - Tuesday 1020 - Climate and air quality processes and modeling
A23D - Tuesday 1340 - Impact of transport of ozone and aerosols
A21C - Tuesday 0800 - Poster Hall – 55 posters
Climate Change, Air Quality, and Their Interrelations at the North American West Coast
Included many CalNex results
47 Oral Presentations
In-Situ observations of speciated organics in gas and particle phases:
CalNex2010 Bakersfield (and a little data from Los Angeles)
A. Goldstein, D. Gentner, G. Isaacman, D. Worton,
Y. Zhao, R. Weber, R. Sellon, A. Guha (UC Berkeley)N. Kreisberg, S. Hering (Aerosol Dynamics Inc.)
B. Williams (Washington University, St. Louis)
T. Hohaus, A. Lambe, J. Jayne, L. Williams,
D. Worsnop (Aerodyne Research Inc)
J-L. Jimenez (University of Colorado)
L. Russell, S. Liu, D. Day (UC San Diego)
CalNex Bakersfield Science Team
CalNex Pasadena Science Team
SPECIAL THANKS TO:
John Karlik, Rick Ramirez
UC Cooperative Extension Kern County Staff
R. Cohen, S. Pusede UC Berkeley (PI and site organization)
Funding: California ARB, NSF Atmos Chem, DOE SBIR /STTR, NOAA
Bakersfield
Fig from R. Cohen
Gas measurementsGas measurements
Particulate measurementsParticulate measurements
Brune (Penn State)Brune (Penn State) OH, HOOH, HO22, OH reactivity, OH reactivity
Cohen (UCB)Cohen (UCB) NO, NONO, NO22, peroxynitrates, RONO, peroxynitrates, RONO22, HNO, HNO33
Goldstein (UCB)Goldstein (UCB) VOCs, CO, OVOCs, CO, O33, Met, Met
Goldstein/Baer (UCB/LGR)Goldstein/Baer (UCB/LGR) CO, NCO, N22O, CHO, CH44, H, H22O, COO, CO22
Keutsch (UWi)Keutsch (UWi) HH22CO, HCOHCO, a-dicarbonylsCO, HCOHCO, a-dicarbonyls
Murphy (U Toronto)Murphy (U Toronto) IC and IR, water soluble gasesIC and IR, water soluble gasesRen (U Miami)Ren (U Miami) HONO, MetHONO, MetThornton (UWa)Thornton (UWa) PAN, PPN, MPAN, ROPAN, PPN, MPAN, RO22NONO22, etc., etc.
Wennberg (CalTech)Wennberg (CalTech) HH22OO22, CH, CH33OOH, HNOOOH, HNO33, HO, HO22NONO22, HCN, etc., HCN, etc.
Wilczak (NOAA)Wilczak (NOAA) Boundary Layer, MetBoundary Layer, MetZondolo (Princeton)Zondolo (Princeton) NHNH33
ARBARB OC/ECOC/ECBrune (Penn State)Brune (Penn State) Potential aerosol massPotential aerosol massCohen (UCB)Cohen (UCB) Particle organic nitratesParticle organic nitratesGlasius (U Aarhus, DK)Glasius (U Aarhus, DK) Organonitrates, organosulfates (filters)Organonitrates, organosulfates (filters)Goldstein (UCB)/Hering (ADI)Goldstein (UCB)/Hering (ADI) TAG speciated organics, MOUDI samplesTAG speciated organics, MOUDI samplesMurphy (U Toronto)Murphy (U Toronto) IC and IR, water soluble particlesIC and IR, water soluble particlesOffenberg (EPA)/Surratt (UNC)Offenberg (EPA)/Surratt (UNC) Aerosol Composition (filters)Aerosol Composition (filters)Russell (UCSD)Russell (UCSD) AMS, FTIR, SPMS, trace elementsAMS, FTIR, SPMS, trace elements
Bakersfield CalNex2010 TeamBakersfield CalNex2010 Team
Summary• Bakersfield versus LA – Vastly different emission sources, particularly for Reactive Organic Gases
• Bakersfield hourly speciated organics include 500+ chemicals spanning 15 orders of magnitude in volatility, and wide range of composition
• Bakersfield PM1 dominantly organic & secondary
• Primary and secondary tracers useful for identification of sources
• Gas/particle partitioning observed
• Analysis of data just beginning
Funding: California ARB, NSF Atmos Chem, DOE SBIR /STTR, NOAA
SPECIAL THANKS TO: John Karlik, Rick Ramirez
UC Cooperative Extension Kern County Staff
R. Cohen, S. Pusede UC Berkeley (PI and site organization)
Airborne measurements of volatile organic compounds in the Los Angeles Basin and the Central Valley, California
Carsten Warneke from the NOAA WP-3 CalNex science team
NOAA Chemical Sciences Divisionand
CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
CalNex 2010Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change
Overview of the NOAA WP-3 CalNex mission VOCs indicating aging and mixing of the Los Angeles plume
Overview WP-3 CalNex Central Valley LA basin Summary
NOAA WP-3 CalNex 2010Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change
David Parrish, Michael Trainer, Tom RyersonCalNex Science team
Central Valley: Large emissions from agriculture
LA basin: Fresh emissions are mixed with 1 and 2 day old pollution
During the night: also processed
On weekends: more processed than during the week
CO and VOCs have decreased by about a factor of two since 2002
Conclusions
Overview WP-3 CalNex Central Valley LA basin Summary
Overview and Early Results
Jochen Stutz, Joost de Gouw, Jose L. Jimenez,
John Seinfeld, Jason Surratt
and
Gas-Phase MeasurementsVOCs GC-MS, online VOCs NOAAO3, NO2, SO2, NO3, HONO, HCHO DOAS UCLAOH and HO2, OH reactivity LIF – FAGE Indiana Univ.Photolysis frequencies, Total sky imager Scanning Actinic Flux Spectroradiometer Univ. of Houston
O3, SO2, NO/NOx, NOy, COUV Abs / Flour/ CL+ photolysis cell and Mo converter / VUV Univ. of Houston
Organic acids, HONO, HNCO, HCl , HNO3 CIMS NOAAHCHO Hantzsch reaction fluorescence Univ. of HoustonCHOCHO, HONO, NO2 CEAS NOAAPANs GC-ECD NOAAClNO2, PANs CIMS U. CalgaryCO / CO2 VUV / NDIR absorption NOAAgas phase and semivolatile organics High-resolution PTR-TOF MS U. Utrechtwater-soluble OC in the gas-phase PILS and mist chamber + online WSOC Georgia Techtotal gas-phase organics, & semivolatiles High Resolution EI-TOF-MS MITgas-phase semivolatiles Sorbent tubes + off-line TD-GCMS CMUurban meteorology, eddy covariance various NOAA ARLHCHO, CHOCHO, NO2, aerosol SCD MAX-DOAS CU BoulderNH3 QC-TILDAS Univ. of TorontoSoluble gases (HNO3, NH3) GP-IC CARB13CO2 WS-CRDS CaltechOrganic acids + other organics MOVI-TOF-CIMS Univ. of WashingtonDaily canister for VOC analysis Offline GC- FID / MS US EPA ResearchCHOCHO, NO2 LED-CE-DOAS CU BoulderMet parameters Ground site Caltech Library Roof NOAA / CaltechHONO Wet Chemical (HPLC)semivolatile gas-phase hydrocarbons solid adsorption and liquid extraction Loyola Marymount
Aerosol MeasurementsSize resolved submicron chemical comp. High-resolution ToF-AMS (HR-ToF-AMS) CU BoulderPotential aerosol mass PAM U-Boulder & Penn StateOrganic aerosol composition Soft-Ionization HR-ToF-AMS CU BoulderSubmicron particle number distributions TSI SMPS CU BoulderSO4 Research-quality monitor CARBTotal particle number TSI Water CPC 3786 CU BoulderParticle number distrib.(300 nm - 10 um) Grimm OPC 1.109 CU BoulderOC and EC 1 hr Sunset Labs thermal-optical analyzer Georgia Techwater-soluble OC in Particles PILS and mist chamber + online WSOC Georgia TechPM2.5 carboxylic acids PILS + ion chromatography and CIMS Georgia Tech1-hr molecular tracers (particles and semivol.) TAG-AMS
UC Berkeley, Aer. Dynamics, Aerodyne, CU-Boulder
1-hr molecular tracers (part. & semivol.) 2D Thermal-Desorption Aerosol GC-MS (TAG) UC Berkeley, Aer. DynamicsPM semivolatile and non-volatile organics High-resolution PTR-TOF MS U. UtrechtHR-MS analysis of WSOC/N compounds PILS-collector + Electrospray-Orbitrap UHR MS DOE PNNL EMSLBlack carbon & coating Composition SP-AMS U. Manchester, UKBlack carbon 7-Wavelength Aethalometer U. Manchester, UKBlack carbon absorption DMT 3-Wavelength Photoacoustic Sensor U. Manchester, UKBlack carbon mass DMT SP2 (Soot Particle Soot Photometer) U. Manchester, UKSingle particle composition 200-5000nm PALMS NOAASingle nanoparticle composition NAMS U. DelawareCloud condensation nuclei (CCN) spectrum DMT CCN Counter Brookhaven NLSize-resolved CCN SMPS + DMT CCN Brookhaven NLIons in aerosol (SO4, NO3, Cl, K, etc.) GP-IC CARBParticle-phase organic acids + other organics MOVI-TOF-CIMS Univ. of WashingtonSubmicron particle number distributions TSI SMPS #2 CU BoulderSubmicron size distribution UHSAS CU BoulderSupermicron size distribution & PBAP UV-APS CU Boulder
Aerosol Measurements (cont.) + Samplers
particle extinction 532 nm Cavity attenuated phase shift (CAPS) Aerodyneparticle extinction 630 nm CAPS Aerodynesingle-particle single scattering albedo ASTER NOAAaerosol LIDAR 3-wavelength LIDAR USFSColumn aerosol optical depth Sunphotometry / AERONET Station UCLAAerosol extinction, scattering, albedo CRDS / integrating sphere nephelometry TTUBoundary layer backscatter & height Vaisala Ceilometer Univ. Houston / UCLA
NMR analysis of WSOC CNR-ISAC, ItalyOrganosulfates and nitrooxy organosulfates Caltech/UNCOOA characterization University of York, UK)\14C analysis of OC, EC, Water-Insoluble OC (WIOC) and WSOC (24 hr) PSI, Switzerland14C analysis of Total Carbon (~3 hr for 100 samples) PSI, SwitzerlandElements and metals (2-hr resolution) PSI, SwitzerlandHR-MS analysis of organic compounds DOE PNNL EMSLPrecursor-specific SOA Tracers US EPA Research
Compound-Specific Stable Isotope Analysis for SOA characterization and evolution Baylor Univ.14C analysis of Total Carbon US EPA ResearchMolecular speciation of OA CSIC, Spainsize resolved elements and mass in 8 sizes < PM10 UC Davismodified FRM - PM2.5 mass US EPA Research)\Microanalysis Particle Samplers ASUFunctional Group Contributions and potentially PMF UCSDSample Archiving for future analyses Gerogia techFilter Sampler CMUSorbent Sampler CMU
Derivatization and direct thermal desorption with analysis by GCxGC-TOFMS UC BerkeleyMetals and trace elements CSIC
CalNex Atlantis Data WorkshopJanuary 11 to 13, 2011
David ParrishNOAA/ESRL Chemical Sciences Division
Boulder, [email protected]
Overview of CalNex 2010:• Sites, Platforms• Some Significant Findings, and•Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis
Overview of CalNex 2010:• Sites, Platforms• Some Significant Findings, and•Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis
Overview of CalNex 2010:• Sites, Platforms• Some Significant Findings, and•Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis
Overview of CalNex 2010:• Sites, Platforms• Some Significant Findings, and•Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis
• Measurement intercomparison – essential to ensure that measurements on different platforms are indeed equivalent.
• Nighttime/chlorine chemistry – progressing well (Wagner/Brown, Riedel/Thornton, Bertram presentations) HC aging signatures of Cl?HC aging signatures of Cl?
• Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis • Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis • Ship emissions – progressing well (Williams presentation)
Instruments and data used for this work
• Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis • Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis • Cloud retrieval work – progressing well (Schmidt
presentation)
Instruments and data used for this work
• Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis • Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis • Cloud retrieval work – progressing well (Schmidt
presentation)
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES)
Provides cloud optical thickness and effective radius over 4 km.
NOAA P3 research aircraft
Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR)Zenith and nadir viewing spectral irradiance
Spectral range: 350-2100 nm
Instruments and data used for this work
• Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis • Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis • Cloud retrieval work – progressing well (Schmidt
presentation)
NOAA Research Vessel Atlantis
SSFRZenith viewing irradiance and radiance
Spectral range: 350-1700 nm
Microwave radiometer (MWR)Retrieves column integrated liquid water and water vapor
Instruments and data used for this work
• Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis • Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis • Cloud retrieval work – progressing well (Schmidt
presentation)
Instruments and data used for this work
Goal: Retrieve cloud optical thickness and effective radius from the surface
• Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis • Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis • Cloud retrieval work – progressing well (Schmidt
presentation)
May 16 rain rates measured on the Atlantis?:
Sara Lance measured cloud properties on WP-3D and would like to integrate in Atlantis obs. [email protected]
Calnex 2010 CCN Measurements on WP-3D
Flights low over the water southwest of Los Angeles during cloud module
• 5-6x variability in CN, 2-3x variability in CCN for in-cloud versus out-of-cloud
• AMS shows mostly similar organic, sulfate loadings
Rich [email protected] Tech.
June 18th Flight
P-3 is porpoising west and then back east
• Particle concentrations drop off more quickly between 200-600 m than above
Rich [email protected] Tech.
• Look for aerosol gradients west from the coast.
Overview of CalNex 2010:• Sites, Platforms• Some Significant Findings, and•Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis
Overview of CalNex 2010:• Sites, Platforms• Some Significant Findings, and•Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis
• Coal Oil Point seep – comparison with WP-3D measurements over Deep Water Horizon BP oil leak - progressing well (Gilman, Vlasenko presentations)
• Emission studies – LA outflow, Central Valley – Does the Atlantis see consistent results with other platforms and sites? (Gilman, Vlasenko, Massoli presentations)
Overview of CalNex 2010:• Sites, Platforms• Some Significant Findings, and•Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis
Overview of CalNex 2010:• Sites, Platforms• Some Significant Findings, and•Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis
• Secondary Organic Aerosol and Relationship to Precursors – Likely largest challenge, and area of most potential - (Gilman, Vlasenko, Bertram, Zhang, Bates, Frossard, Nuaaman, Massoli, Hakala, Gaston, sea sweep, others(?) presentations) - CalNex had a tremendous variety of relevant, state-of-the-art instrumentation deployed on Atlantis, CIRPAS Twin Otter and WP-3D mobile platforms, as well as LA and Bakersfield ground sites
- CARES conducted a complementary program (Zhang presentation)
• Secondary Organic Aerosol and Relationship to Precursors – Likely largest challenge, and area of most potential - (Gilman, Vlasenko, Bertram, Zhang, Bates, Frossard, Nuaaman, Massoli, Hakala, Gaston, sea sweep, others(?) presentations) - CalNex had a tremendous variety of relevant, state-of-the-art instrumentation deployed on Atlantis, CIRPAS Twin Otter and WP-3D mobile platforms, as well as LA and Bakersfield ground sites
- CARES conducted a complementary program (Zhang presentation)
Overview of CalNex 2010:• Sites, Platforms• Some Significant Findings, and•Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis
Overview of CalNex 2010:• Sites, Platforms• Some Significant Findings, and•Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis
CalNex Atlantis Data WorkshopJanuary 11 to 13, 2011
CalNex has provided an unprecedented data set: It will be exciting to see the interpretations
and analyses that you all develop!
CalNex has provided an unprecedented data set: It will be exciting to see the interpretations
and analyses that you all develop!