Overview of BNL’s Accelerator R&D Program Vitaly Yakimenko April 18, 2006 DOE Annual High Energy Physics Program Review Brookhaven National Laboratory

Overview of BNL’s Accelerator R&D Program

Vitaly Yakimenko

April 18, 2006

DOE Annual High Energy Physics Program Review

Brookhaven National Laboratory

Vitaly Yakimenko (2/30)

Outline:Superconducting Magnet Division

(SMD) Peter Wonder

Advanced Accelerator R&D group Robert Palmer

Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) Vitaly Yakimenko

Accelerator R&D at C-AD


HEP Superconducting Magnet Program

1. ILC Beam Delivery System R&D2. High Field Magnet R&D3. Superconducting Materials

Development4. LARP - Magnets


ILC Final Focus Magnet R&D - FY06/07FY06 accomplishments:

Integrated design (beam optics + superconducting magnets) of 14 mrad IRSuccessful test of coil with active shielding of external magnetic fieldMeasured motion of a cold magnet at the sensitivity needed at the ILC IR.

QD0

SD0/OC0

QF1

SF1/OC1

QDEX1A

QDEX1BQFEX2A

Actively Shielded

Unshielded

Passively Shielded

IP14 mr

3.51 m

6.00 m

FY07 plans: Start 2m prototype magnet, continue beam optics work, continue vibration studies


High Field Magnet R&DNb3Sn React-and-Wind Common Coil (twin-aperture, 4cm gap)

dipole completed and tested. Reached conductor limit, 10 T. React-and-wind can also be used for high temperature

superconductor.

Program terminated due to lack of funding

http://dev3.bnl.gov/magnets/Staff/Gupta/default.htm


Superconducting Materials Development

• Close collaboration with Materials Science Dept. and industry: materials expertise + magnet expertise

• Low Temperature Superconductor (LTS) R&D

– Nb3Sn conductor development

– Leading LARP three-lab effort on Nb3Sn

– MgB2 wire development

• High Temperature Superconductor (HTS) R&D

– Bi-2223 tape and 2nd –generation YBCO tapes

• Strain sensitivity: Nb3Sn ≈ HTS Nb3Sn experience &

equipment useful with HTS.


BNL LARP Magnet Program• GOAL: test Nb3Sn long racetrack coils and support structure input to LARP quadrupole design

• Collaboration: FNAL (manager) + LBNL ( support structure) + BNL (coils)

• STATUS: 30 cm racetrack coil + support structure ready to test

• Transfer of “wind and react” technology from LBNL to BNL

• PLANS:

• test 3.6 m coils and support structure – December 2006

• check effect of lengthening on coil, support structure

• test additional 3.6 m coil – September 2007

• check quad coil construction methods


Summary• Magnet program well aligned with the National goals: ILC,

LARP. These elements receive direct programmatic funding.

• Distinguishing features of the program are:– Direct wind technique

– HTS development (mostly outside HEP in BES/NP)

– Materials expertise

– React-and-Wind Nb3Sn development

– Full length fabrication and testing

• Base program support continues to be reduced– High field magnet R&D terminated

– Cable testing terminated


Advanced Accelerator R&D Group

Working on• Neutrino Factory & Muon Collider

collaboration (NFMCC):1. Neutrino Factory & Muon Collider R&D2. Liquid Target Experiment MERIT

• Non NFMCC Advanced Accelerator work3. Solid Target Radiation Studies4. Fixed Field alternating Gradient (FFAG)

Studies


Advanced Accelerator R&D




Neutrino Factory Design & Simulation (Part of NFMCC)

• Mainly part of International Scoping Study (ISS)– Comparison of Schemes – Only 201 MHz Study 2A achieves– 1021 mu decays per year goal

• ISS current leanings:– 201 MHz frequency OLD– Proton Energy 10 GeV NEW– 5 bunch proton train (0.5 µs sep)– to reduce loading and space charge problems NEW


Liquid Target Experiment MERIT (Part of NFMCC)

• BNL,MIT,CERN,RAL,Princeton,Oak Ridge Collaboration Harold Kirk is one of two Spokespersons

• Will expose mercury Jet to CERN proton beam• Probably only practical target at 4 MW• BNL oversight of 15 T pulsed magnet acquisition Magnet now at MIT for testing - below right• Instrumentation Department building Optics system to observe mercury dispersion by beam


Recent progress on MERIT




Targetry R&D budget

• Liquid Target Studies $50K– Engineering Support

• Solid Target Studies $270K– Blip Beam Time– Hot Cell usage– Instrumentation– Materials– Horn/Target design

• Graduate Student $50K• Travel $30K

• Total $400KThe bulk of the resources is placed into our materials/irradiation studies.




Advanced Accelerator R&D Summary


BNL Accelerator Test Facility - ATF

The ATF is a proposal-driven, advisory committee reviewed USER FACILITY for long-term R&D into the Physics of Beams.

The ATF serves the whole community: National Labs, universities, industry and international collaborations.

ATF contributes to Education in Beam Physics. (~2 PhD / year)

In-house R&D on photoinjectors, lasers, diagnostics, computer control and more (~3 Phys. Rev. X / year)

Support from HEP and BES.

The ATF features: High brightness electron

gun 75 Mev Linac High power lasers beam-

synchronized at the picosec level (TW level CO2 laser)

4 beam lines + controls


ATF Statistics

Run time: ~ 1000 hour / yearGraduated students: 22Current number of experiments: 14Staff members: 11, 1 visitorPhys Rev X: ~ 3 / year since 1995

ATF publications

05

1015202530354045

Year

Nu

mb

er

of

pu

bli

ca

tio

ns

ATF Experiments

0

5

10

15

20

Year

Num

ber

of

expe

rim

ents

ATF Graduating Students

0

5

10

15

20

25

Year

Nu

mb

er

gra

du

ati

ng

p

er

year

an

d

cu

mu

lati

ve

Cumulative

Annual


ATF Terawatt CO2 Laser Story (past and present)

1995 2000 2005 2010

InverseCherenkovaccelerato

rIFEL

accelerator

ThomsonX-ray

source

HGHG STELLA

Ion andProtonsource

ResonantPWA

SeededLWFA

LACARA

PASER

3 TW

300 GW

30 GW

3 GW

Nonlinear Thomsonscattering

EUV source


Why we need better emittance

ICAIFEL

ThomsonX-ray

source

HGHG

1995 1998 2001 2004

STELLA

4 m

2 m

1 m

0.5 m

VISA

Dielectric WFA

Smith Purcell

experiment

Microbunchin

g

SASE @1m

Plasma WFA

To match laser accelerating or FEL beam and electron beam; or to transport through small (high frequency) accelerating channel


Ion generation experiment


Monochromatic beams with CO2 laser

Proton energy spectrum from a structured target. (a) Solid state laser with =1m. (b) CO2 laser with =10m. The CO2 laser produces a much narrower proton spectrum because of the narrower phase space fill.


Plasma Wakefield experiments at ATF

• Multi-bunch Plasma Wakefield Acceleration at ATF, AE31. Spokepersons T. Katsouleas and P. Muggli, Univ. Southern California.

• Laser Wakefield Acceleration Driven by a CO2 Laser, AE32, Spokesperson W. Kimura, STI Optronics

• Ion Motion in Intense Beam-Driven Plasma Wakefield (UCLA, J. Rosenzweig)

• Plasma density measurement 1016-1019 by Stark broadening


Beam splitting during compression

• Interaction of the Coherent Synchrotron Radiation (CSR) with the beam itself leads to energy modulation along the beam.

• It produces two distinct beams (due to two stages of compression: chicane and dog-leg) very useful for some experiments at ATF (two beam PWA).

• X band linac section is needed to deliver clean, low energy spread compressed beam to user experiments

• Structure is available, ATF has a spare modulator, SLAC needs $350K to manufacture X-band klystron for ATF

• Three experimental groups will immediately benefit.

ChicaneDog-leg

LinacExperimental beam line

Spectrometer

EE

~2%

~2%

x-band


Optical Stochastic Cooling• It is feasible to cool gold and protons beams at

full energy in RHIC and possibly Pb at LHC with multistage optical amplifier.

• Optical parametric amplifier based on CaGeAs was suggested and experimentally tested at ATF

• Bypass experiment with electron beam at ATF – Will prove lattice control, optical amplifier and adequate

diagnostics– It is similar to previously successful at ATF staged laser

accelerator (STELLA and STELLA II) experiments.– requires dedicated manpower.

Pickup wiggler Kicker wiggler Diagnostic wiggler

Optical amplifier Micro-chicane

Bypass


Polarized Positron Source (PPS) summary

• Compton back-scattering based PPS is a backup scheme for ILC and the only choice for CLIC

• We propose Compton-based PPS inside optical cavity of CO2 laser beam and 6 GeV e-beam produced by linac.

• The proposal utilizes commercially available units for laser and accelerator systems.

• The proposal requires high power picoseconds CO2 laser mode of operation developed at ATF. (ATF is the only facility in the world with operational Joule/picosecond CO2 laser system.)

• 3 year laser R&D is needed to verify laser operation in the non standard regime.


Conclusion• The experimental program at ATF is strong, broad

and relevant to HEP• It is aimed at near, intermediate and long term

accelerator R&D:– Beam brightness, compression (LCLS)– Polarized Positron Source (ILC and CLIC) – Optical Stochastic Cooling (RHIC and LHC upgrade)– Beam and laser based Plasma Wakefield Accelerators

(PWA), ion movement in the PWA (ILC upgrade)– Laser based accelerators (post ILC)– Compact, high brightness laser based proton, ion and

neutron sources (medical applications, injector, security…)

• ATF plays important role in education of accelerator scientists

• The support and progress of the user experiments is seriously limited by the accelerator staff level


Accelerator R&D at C-ADfrom V. Litvinenko (non HEP funding)

• High current super-conducting energy recovery linacs (ERL)

• High current super-conducting RF guns• Generation and transport of ultra-high brightness

electron beams in ERLs• Secondary emission (diamond) photo-cathodes• High energy electron cooling of ions and protons in

collider mode• Stochastic cooling of bunched beams• Development of polarized SRF electron gun (with MIT)• Development of FFAG (fixed-filed alternating-gradient)

accelerator lattices for protons and ions• Development of rapid cycling proton synchrotron for

medical applications

Documents

Overview of BNL’s Accelerator R&D Program Vitaly Yakimenko April 18, 2006 DOE Annual High Energy Physics Program Review Brookhaven National Laboratory