:Overview of Bluetooth:• What is Bluetooth?

– Bluetooth is a short-range wireless communications technology.

• Why this name?

– It was taken from the 10th century Danish King Harald Blatand who unified Denmark and Norway.

• When does it appear?

The Bluetooth specification was first developed in 1994 by Sven Mattisonand Jaap Haartsen, who were working for Ericsson Mobile Platforms in Sweden.

– 5 companies (Ericsson, Nokia, IBM, Intel & Toshiba) joined to form the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) in 1998.

– First specification released in July 1999.

:Bluetooth technology:• Bluetooth is a wireless system that uses radio waves for communication.

It has the ability to communicate with many different devices at oncewithout interference.

• Bluetooth is an open standard for short-range transmission of digital voiceand data that supports point-to-point and multipoint applications.Bluetooth is based on a low-cost, low power, short range radio link.Bluetooth cuts the cord that used to tie up digital devices. When twobluetooth devices come within 50 meters range of each other,they establisha connection together. It operates at 2.45 ghz which is available globally,although slight variation of location and width of band apply.

• The range is set at 10 to100 meters to optimize for target market of mobileand business user. The range can, however, be increased.

• Gross data rate is 1mbit/s, with second generation plans to increase to 2mbit/sec.One-to-one connections allow maximum data transfer rate of 723kbit/s. It has low power consumption, drawing only 0.3 ma in standby mode.This enables maximum performance longevity for battery powered devices.

:Different Versions of Bluetooth:• This are the different versions of bluetooth technologies we have

since 1999.

1. Bluetooth v1.0 and v1.0B ( with mandatory bluetooth hardwaredevice address )

2. Bluetooth v1.1 ( ratified as IEEE standard 802.15.1-2002 )

3. Bluetooth v1.2 ( faster connection and discovery )

4. Bluetooth v2.0 + EDR ( enhanced data rate )

5. Bluetooth v2.1 ( secure simple pairing-SSP )

6. Bluetooth v3.0 ( high speed data transfer )

7. Bluetooth v4.0 ( low energy consumption – recently used in applei -phone 4S )

:Technical Features:

Connection TypeSpread Spectrum (Frequency Hopping) & Time Division Duplex (1600 hops/sec)

Spectrum2.4 GHz ISM Open Band (79 MHz of spectrum = 79 channels)

Modulation Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying

Transmission Power 1 mw – 100 mw

Data Rate 1 Mbps

Range 30 ft

Supported Stations 8 devices

Data Security –Authentication Key 128 bit key

Data Security –Encryption Key 8-128 bits (configurable)

Module size 9 x 9 mm

• Bluetooth will support wireless point-to-point and point-to-multipoint (broadcast) between devices in a piconet.

• Point to Point Link

– Master - slave relationship

– Bluetooth devices can function as masters or slaves

• Piconet

– It is the network formed by a Master and one or more slaves (max 7)

– Each piconet is defined by a different hopping channel to which users synchronize to

– Each piconet has max capacity (1 Mbps)

• All devices in piconet hop together.

• Master’s ID and master’s clock determines frequency

hopping sequence & phase. Scatternet structure consists

several piconets together.

: Piconet Structure :

: Bluetooth Protocol Stack :

• The heart of the Bluetooth specification is the Bluetooth protocol stack By providing well-defined layers of functionality, the Bluetooth specification ensures interoperability of Bluetooth devices and encourages adoption of Bluetooth technology.

• Bluetooth is defined as a layered protocol architecture consisting of core protocols, cable replacement and telephony control protocols, and adopted protocols .

: Core System Protocols :• Radio (RF) protocol : Specifies details of the air interface, the use of

frequency hopping, modulation scheme, and transmit power.

• Baseband protocol : Concerned with connection establishment within a Piconet, addressing, packet format, timing, and power control.

• Link Manager protocol (LMP) : Responsible for link setup between Bluetooth devices and ongoing link management.

• Logical link control and adaptation protocol (L2CAP)

L2CAP provides both connectionless and connection-oriented services.

• Service discovery protocol (SDP) : Device information, services, and the characteristics of the services can be queried to enable the establishment of a connection between two or more Bluetooth devices

: Additional Protocols :• RF COMM : It provides connections to multiple devices by relying on

L2CAP to handle multiplexing over single connection

• Wireless access protocol (WAP): It supports the limited display size and resolution typically found on mobile devices by providing special formats for Web pages

• Object exchange protocol (OBEX): OBEX is a protocol designed to allow a variety of devices to exchange data simply and spontaneously.

• Telephony control protocol : Bluetooth's Telephony Control protocol Specification (TCS) defines how telephone calls should be sent across a Bluetooth link

• Point-to-point protocol (PPP): The point-to-point protocol is an Internet standard protocol for transporting IP datagram over a point-to-point link

: Bluetooth Profiles :• In order to use Bluetooth wireless technology, a device must be able

to interpret certain Bluetooth profiles. The profiles define the possible applications

• each profile specification contains information on the following topics:

Dependencies on other profiles

Suggested user interface formats

Specific parts of the Bluetooth protocol stack used by the profile. To perform its task, each profile uses particular options and parameters at each layer of the stack .

• Certain examples : Generic Access Profiles, Telephony Control Protocol Specification, Generic Object Exchange Profiles, Serial Port Profiles

: Health Concerns :• The carrier waves used by Bluetooth's transmitter is of the

same frequency range as microwave Ovens (Bluetooth uses 2.402 GHz to 2.480 GHz).

• Actually, the transmitting power is far too weak to be noticeable for humans. When using a wireless phone or a Bluetooth device, some of the emitted RF energy is absorbed by the body. The penetration depth is about 1.5 cm at 2450 MHz which means that the absorption is very superficial.

• The radiated output power of Bluetooth devices is low when compared to other widely used mobile devices, so it is assumed that the potential for health risks are also correspondingly lower.

: Comparison between various

Technologies :

: Applications of Bluetooth :• Wireless control of and communication between a mobile phone and

a hands free headset. This was one of the earliest applications tobecome popular.

• Wireless communication with pc input and output devices, the mostcommon being the mouse, keyboard and printer.

• Transfer of files, contact details, calendar appointments, andreminders between devices with obex.

• In 2004 released cars like toyota prius & lexus ls 430 have hands freecall system.

• Sending small advertisements from bluetooth-enabled advertisinghoardings to other, discoverable, bluetooth devices.

• In game consoles like sony's playstation 3 and psp go, use bluetoothfor their respective wireless controllers.

Applications

• Dial-up internet access on personal computers or PDAs using a data-capable mobile phone as a wireless modem.• Personal security application on mobile phones for prevention of theft or loss of items.• In Real-time location systems (RTLS).

Digital Pulse Oximetry SystemToshiba Washer & Dryer.

: Future of Bluetooth :• Success of Bluetooth depends on how well it is integrated into

consumer products

– Consumers are more interested in applications than the

technology

– Bluetooth must be successfully integrated into consumer

products

– Must provide benefits for consumer

Key Success Factors :

– Interoperability

– Mass Production at Low Cost

– Ease of Use

– End User Experience