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1
Overview of AXE-10
System BY: SUKH DEV RAJ
D. E. ( AXE-10)
2
INTRODUCTION
E-10-B gave tremendous boost to telecom N/w .E-10-b have excellent grade of service Yet it is failed in a no. of occasions in metro cities created a no. of problem. The main reasons are -
1. Lower BHCA--1,90,000
2.No support of ISDN & CCS#7
Max capacity of a TAX< 10K.
3
SALIENT DESIGN FEATURES OF AXE-10
-SPC
-PCM-TIME DIVISION SWITCHING(DIGITAL SWITCHING)-DUPLICATED CENTRAL PROCESSOR (CPs) HOT S/B MODE
-REGIONAL PROCESSORS(RPs)OFF LOADS THE CP BY PERFORMING TASKS OF SIMPLE REPETITIVE NATURE.
-FUNCTIONAL MODULARITY--ADVANTAGES
- SMOOTHER, QUICKER HARDWARE EXTENTION
-SYSTEM UPGRADATION IS EASIER.
-NEW FUNCTIONS EASILY INCORPORATED
-ONE SYSTEM FOR ALL APPLICATIONS
4
FUNCTIONAL HIERARCHY
AXE-10 CONSIST OF 2 MAIN PARTS:
1. APT : TELEPHONY PART , FOR SWITCHING CALLS
2. APZ : CONTROL PART ,FOR CONTROL & PROCESSING OF DATA.
BOTH APT & APZ USE HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE.
APT IS DEVIDED INTO SUBSYSTEMS NAMELY SSS, TSS, GSS,OMS, CCS,TCS, SUS etc.
EACH SUBSYSTEM PERFORM WELL DEFINED FUNCTION AND HAS No.OF FUNCTION BLOCKS. EACH FUNCTION BLOCK HAVE FUNCTIONAL UNITS. SOME OF THE SUBSYSTEMS ARE REALISED IN S/W AND OTHERS IN H/W & IN S/W.
APZ IMPLEMENTED IN HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE AND DEVIDED INTO SUBSYSTEMS NAMELY CPS, MAS( MAINTENANCE SUBSYSTEM) FMS, SPS, DCS, etc. S/W (PROGRAMS & DATA) OF APT IS STORED IN APZ HARDWARE ( PROGRAME STORE AND DATA STORE)
5
STORE CONTENT
APT-TELEPHONY PART OF
AXE(PCB)
APZ-CONTROL PART OF AXE (S/W)
BHCA VALUES OF 4 APZ ARE-
APZ210—144,000 BHCA
APZ211--150,000 BHCA
APZ212—800,000 BHCA
APZ213—11,000 BHCA
TRUNKSSUBSAPT
SWITCHING
EQUIPMENT
COMPUTER
APZ
APTAPZ
FUNCTIONAL HIERARCHY OF AXE-10
6
APT SUBSYSTEMS:
SUBSYSTEMS REALISED IN BOTH H/W AND S/W
1.SSS:HANDLES TRAFFIC TO AND FROM SUBS. CONNECTED TO THE EXCH.
2.TSS: HANDLES SIG. & SUPERVISION OVER JUNCTIONS TO THEIR EXCH.
3. GSS: SET UP ,SUPERVISES,CLEARS CONNECTIONS THROUGH GS. SELECTION OF A PATH TAKE PLACE IN THE S/W.
4. OMS: FUNCTIONS RELATING TO STATISTICS AND SUPERVISION.
5. CCS:FUNCTIONS FOR SIG. ROUTING SUPERVISION AND CORRECTION OF MESSAGES SENT IN ACCORDANCE WITH CCITT No.6 & 7.
SUBSYSTEMS CONTAINING S/W ONLY
1.TCS(TRAFFIC CONTROL SUBSYSTEM) : CENTRAL PART OF APT AND DOES ALL THE FUNCTIONS PERFORMED BY AN OPERATOR IN A MANUAL EXCH. FOR SETTING UP , SUPERVISION, CLEARING OF CALLS, SELECTION OF O/G ROUTES, ANALYSIS OF I/C DIGITS, STORAGE OF SUBS CATEGORIES etc.
2.CHS: CHARGING SUBSYSTEM– HANDLES CALL CHARGING .
3. SUS:SUBS SERVICES SUBSYSTEM—SUBS FACILITIES LIKE – ABBREVATED DIALLING, CALL TRANSFER, WAKE-UP SERVICES etc.
7
1.REGIONAL PROCESSOR
ROUTINE SCANNING OF EQUIPMENTS e.g.
LIFTING OF HANDSET BY SUBS.THIS IS DONE SEVERAL TIMES/SEC
2.CENTRAL PROCESSOR
COMPLEX ANALYSIS AND DIAGOSTICS REQUIRING HIGH COMPUTING CAPACITY AND LARGE VOLUME OF DATA,e.g.SELECTION OF O/G ROUTES OR TRAFFIC MEASUREMENTS.
TWO TYPES OF PROCESSORS
CP STORE CONTENT
SUBS
RPs
SWITCHING
EQUIPMENTS
8
RPs ASSISTS CENTRAL PROCESSOR IN PERFORMING ROUTINE TASKS AND REPORTS IMPORTANT EVENTS OCCURING IN THE EXCH. TO THE CP ALL DECISION ARE MADE BY CP.
9
SUB
SYSTEM
FUNCTION BLOCK
STRUCTURE OF THE AXE
FUNCTION UNITS
APT--TELEPHONY PART OF AXE
APZ--CONTROL PART OF AXE
BT--BOTHWAY TRUNK
BTR--REGIONAL SOFTWARE OF BLOCK BT
BTU--CENTRAL SOFTWARE OF BLOCK BT
FMS
SYSTEM LEVEL 1
SYSTEM LEVEL 2
SUSTSS OMS
OT
BT CSR
BTU BTR HW
MCS CPS
APZ
AXE
APT
10
CPS--CENTRAL PROCESSOR SUB SYSTEM
CSR—CODE SENDER/RECEIVER
FMS--FILE MANAGEMENT SUBSYSTEM
HW--HARDWARE
MCS--MAN MACHINE COMMUNICATION SUB SYSTEM/ OMS—OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE SUBSYSTEM
SUB
SYSTEM
SYSTEM LEVEL 1
SYSTEM LEVEL 2
SUSTSS OMS
OT
BT CSR
BTU BTR HW
MCS CPS
APZ
AXE
FMS
FUNCTION BLOCK
FUNCTION UNITS
APT
11
OMS--OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE SUB SYSTEM
OT--OUTGOING TRUNK
SUS-- SUBSCRIBER SERVICES SUBSYSTEM
TSS--TRUNK AND SIGNALLING SUBSYSTEM
SYSTEM LEVEL 1
SYSTEM LEVEL 2
SUSTSS OMS
OT
BT CSR
BTU BTR HW
MCS
APZ
AXE
FMS CPS
APT
SUB
SYSTEM
FUNCTION BLOCK
FUNCTION UNITS
12
INTERWORKING
FUNCTION BLOCK BT
HARDWARE
REGIONAL SOFRWARE
FUNCTION BLOCK X
FUNCTION BLOCK Y
(ONLY S/W BLOCK)
CENTRAL SOFTWARE
PROGRAM
DATA
BTR
BTUPROGRAM
DATA
INTERWORKING OF FUNCTION BLOCK
•INTERWORKING BETWEEN FUNCTION BLOCKS IS ONLY AT CENTRAL LEVEL
•DATA OF A FUNCTION BLOCK IS ACCESSED BY ITS OWN PROGRAM ONLY
13
DATA PROCESSING SUB SYSTEM(APZ)
CPS RPS MAS IOS
AXE SUB SYSTEM
SWITCHING SUB SYSYEMS(APT)
GSS TSS TCS OMS
SYSTEM CORE
SSS CCS SUS CHS
MTS OPS BGS NMS
OPTIONAL SUBSYSTEM
SPS FMS MCS DCS
14
AXE SUB SYSTEM
SWITCHING SUB SYSYEMS(APT)
GSS TSS TCS OMS
SYSTEM CORE
SSS CCS SUS CHS
MTS OPS BGS NMS
OPTIONAL SUBSYSTEM
DATA PROCESSING SUB SYSTEM(APZ)
CPS RPS MAS IOS
SPS FMS MCS DCS
15
APT SUBSYSTEM
HARDWARE(PCBS)
GSS TSS OMS SSS CCS MTS
NMS BGS GSS TSS OMS SSS CCS MTS OPS TCS CHS SUS BGS BUSINESS GROUP SUBSYSTEM
CHS COMMON CHANNEL SIGNALLING SUBSYSTEM
CHS CHARGING SUBSYSTEM
GSS GROUPS SWITCHING SUB SYSTEM
MTS MOBILE TELEPHONY SUBSYSTEM
SOFTWARE (PROGRAMS + DATA )
16
NMS BGS GSS TSS OMS SSS CCS MTS OPS TCS CHS SUS NMS NETWORK MANAGEMENT SUBSYSTEM
OMS OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE SUBSYSTEM
OPS OPERATOR SUB SYSTEM / TCS -TRAFFIC CONTROL SUBSYSTEM
SUS SUS SUBSCRIBER SERVICES SUBSYSTEM / TSS- TRUNK AND SIG. SUBSYSTEM
SSS SUBSCRIBER SWITCHING SUBSYSTEM
GSS TSS OMS SSS CCS MTS
APT SUBSYSTEM
HARDWARE(PCBS)
SOFTWARE (PROGRAMS + DATA )
17
APT SUBSYSTEM
GSS TSS OMS SSS CCS MTS
GSS TSS OMS SSS CCS MTS
CENTRAL SOFTWARE (PROGRAMME +DATA)
OPS TCS CHS SUS
HARDWARE
REGIONAL SOFRWARE (PROGRAMS + DATA)
GSS TSS OMS SSS CCS MTS
18
SUBSYSTEM IN A LOCAL ESCHANGEHARDWARE
CENTRAL SOFTWARE
SUBS
SSS
RSS
GSS TSS
CCS
TRUNKS
SSS
SSS
SUS
CHS
CCS
SYSTEM CORE
(GSS, OMS,TCS, TSS)
CCS—COMMON CHANNEL SIGNALLING SUBSYSTEM
CHS—CHARGING SUBSYSTEM/TSS—TRUNK AND SIGNALLING SUBSYSTEM
GSS--GROUP SWITCHING SUB SYSTEM / TCS—TRAFFIC CONTROL SUBSYSTEM
OMS—OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE SUBSYSTEM
SSS—SUBS, SW. SUBSYSTEM/SUS—SUBS SERVICES SUBSYSTEM
19
SUBSYSTEM REALISED IN HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE(APT SUBSYSTEM FUNCTIONS.)
SSS—SUBSCRIBER SWITCHING SUBSYSTEM
--HANDELS TRAFFIC FROM AND TO SUBSCRIBERS (ANALOG AND DIGITAL)
TSS– TRUNK AND SIGNALLING SUBSYSTEM
--HANDLES SIGNALLING ON TRUNKS.
--SUPERVISES CONNECTIONS OVER TRUNKS.
GSS—GROUP SWITCHING SUBSYSTEM
--SETS UP , SUPERVISES AND CLEARS CONNECTIONS IN DIGITAL
GROUP SWITCH.
CCS—COMMON CHANNEL SIGNALLING SUBSYSTEM
--HANDELS CCS#7 FUNCTIONS.
OMS—OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE SUBSYSTEM.
--PERFORMS SUPERVISION FUNCTIONS ON HARDWARE
--TRAFFIC AND SERVICE MEASUREMENTS.
20
SUBSYSTEM REALISED IN SOFTWARE ONLY
TCS—TRAFFIC CONTROL SUBSYSTEM
--CONTROLS CALL SET UP, SUPERVISION AND RELEASE.
--STORES SUBSCRIBER DATA, CIRCUIT DATA AND OTHER OFFICE DATA.
CHS– CHARGING SUB SYSTEM
--CALL CHARGING FUNCTIONS.
SUS—SUBSCRIBER SERVICES SUBSYSTEM
-- PROVIDES SUBSCRIBER SERVICES LIKE CALL TRANSFER, CALL WAITING, DYNAMIC STD BARRING etc. (OTHER THAN BASIC FACILITIES LIKE PUSH BUTTON DIALLING, DETAILED BILLING etc.)
21
APZ SUBSYSTEM FUNCTIONSCPS—CENTRAL PROCESSOR SUBSYSTEM
--PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION
--DATA STORAGE AND HANDLING
--CHANGING OF PROGRAMS
RPS—REGIONAL PROCESSOR SUBSYSTEM
-- OFFLOADS CENTRAL PROCESSOR
MAS—MAINTENANCE SUBSYSTEM
--LOCATES HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE FAULTS IN CENTRAL
PROCESSOR . IT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR MAINTENANCE OF PROCESSOR
AND WORK IN CLOSE RELATIONSHIP WITH CPS.
IOS—INPUT / OUTPUT SYSTEM
CONSIST OF THE FOLLOWING SUBSYSTEMS
SPS—SUPPORT PROCESSOR SUBSYSTEM
FMS—FILE MANAGEMENT SUBSYSTEM
MCS—MAN-MACHINE COMMUNICATION SUBSYSTEM
DCS—DATA COMMUNICATION SUBSYSTEM
22
SUPORT PROCESSOR SUBSYSTEM
Hardware is duplicated in the form of two cabinets, Node- a and node –b
It communicates with all I / o devices and cp for man – machine communication, file management ETC.
23
MAGAZINES (ASSEMBLIES OS PCBs,1 TO 4 MAGAZINES PER SHELF )
ORGANISATION OF APT SUBSYSTEM
(SSS, GSS, TSS, CCS )
SUBSYSTEM (HARDWARE)
EXTENSION MODULES (EMS)
EQUIPMENTS LOCATION
CABINETS
SHELVES (6 PER CABINET EXCEPT CP CABINETS)
PCBs
24
SUBSCRIBER SWITCHING SUBSYSTEM ( SSS )
SSSSSS CONSISTS OF TWO TYPES OF SWITCHES :
1. LOCAL SUBSCRIBER SWITCHES () ALSO COMMONLY KNOWN AS LOCAL EMG; EXTENTION MODULE GROUP ):LSS
2.REMOTE SUBSCRIBER SWITCH (REMOTE EMG ):RSS
ALL THE REMOTE SUBSCRIBER SWITCHWS AT A LOCATION ARE TOGETHER CALLED RSU, REMOTE SWITCHING UNIT.
AN LSS OR AN RSS MAY CONSIST OF THE FOLLOWING MAGAZINES:
LSM –A : LSM, ANALOG
LSM – BA : LSM ISDN, BASIC ACCESS (2B + D )
LSM – PRA : LSM ISDN , PRIMARY RATE ( 30B + D )
SEPRM : SEPCIAL EQUIPMENTS FOR PRIVATE METERS
( OPTIONAL ) = 8 PRIVATE METERS CARD, ONE CARD
=8 METERS.
A SULTAACCS MAG. = FOR 4 LSSs . FOR SUBS.LINE TESTING AND FEEDING HOWLER TONE.
A PAIR OF RPBC MAG. EVERY LSS –INTERFACE IN LSS & CP.
IOSULT—IN RSS -FOR TESTING OF SUBS. LINE, GENERATION OF HOWLER TONE,
FOR CONNECTION OF AN ALPFANUMERIC TML. FOR USE AT RSS;FOR MAN-M/ C COMMUNICATION.
25
LSM – A 128 ANALOG SUBS.
( 32 LI PCBs x 4 SUBS/ PER LI )
LSM – BA 64 x (2B + D ) SUBS.
(8 LIBA PCBs x 8 (2B +D ) SUBS.PER LIBA )
LSM – PRA 4x. (30 B + D ) SUBS.
( 4 LIPA PCBs x 1 ( 30B + D ) SUBS .
ONE FULLY EQUIPPED EMG OCCUPIES 3 CABINET SPACE.
ONE FULLY EQUIPPED EMG CAN ACCOMMODATE UPTO 2048 ANALOG SUBS.
EACH EMG CAN HAVE MINIMUM 2 PCM LINES AND MAXIMUM 32 PCM LINES TOWARDS SWITCHING NETWORK CALLED GROUP SWITCH.
WE CAN PROVIDE THE REQUIRED NO. OF PCM LINES DEPENDING UPON TRAFFIC REQUIREMENTS SO AS TO FULLY UTILISE 2048 EQUIPMENTS, IF PROVIDED.
CONCENTRATION RATIO ACHIEVED :
WITH 8 PCMs : 2048 : 240 i.e. 8:1
16 PCMs : 2048 : 480 i.e.4:1
32 PCMs : 2048 : 960 i. e. 2:1
27
•16 KHz HOME – METERING PULSES ( ONLY IF SEPERM MAGAZINES ARE EQUIPPED IN THE EMG.)
• TRAFFIC HANDLING CAPACITY OF RSS
•16 PCMS : 494 CHANNELS ; 32 x 2 + 31 x 14
•32 PCMs : 990 CHANNELS ; 30 x 2 + 31 x 30
T/S No.16 ON THE FIRST TWO PCMs OF EVERY RSS ARE RSS ARE USED FOR BUILDING UP CCS#7 SIGNALLING CHANNELS BETWEEN RSS AND THE MSU. TIME SLOT 0 ON EVERY PCM LINE IS USED FOR ALARMS AND OTHER FUNCTIONS. IN LSS, ALL 32 CHLS ON EVERY PCM USED .FOR LSS WITH 32 PCMs 1024 CHLS USED FOR TRAFFIC.
NO TRAFFIC BALANCING IS REQUIRED WHILE LOADING SUBSCRIBERS, THAT IS ANY SUBSCRIBER’ S TELEPHONE NUMBER AND .
EACH LSM NEED NOT HAVE A KRC BOARD.
TIME SWITCH BUS AMONG ALL LSMs OF AN EMG IS USED TO SHARE TIME SLOTS ON PCMs , AND THE KRC DEVICES. THAT MEANS CHANNELS ON PCMs AND KRC DEVICES ARE AVAILABLE IN A COMMON POOL AND AS SUCH ANY CHL / KRC CAN BE USED FOR ANY CALL IN THE EMG.
KRC BOARDS ARE PROVIDED ON THE BASIS OF DTMF TRAFFIC. ( ALL SUBSCRIBERS CAN HAVE DTMF TELEPHONES AND ARE GIVEN THE FACILITY BY DEFAULT UNLESS SOMEONE SAYS HE DOES NOT REQUIRE IT.) CORRESPONDING TO LI BOARD IN LSM – A , THERE ARE LIBA BOARDS IN LSM – B AND A-LIPA BOARD IN LSM – PRA.EXTENTION IN RSS, LSS, ARE VERY EASY DUE TO MODULAR FEATURE. EXTENDABLE MODULES ARE LI, LIBA, LIPA, JTC / ETB BOARDS , LSM MAGAZINES.
28
GROUP SWITCHING SUBSYSTEMTHE FOLLOWING HARDWARE FORMS PART OF GSS
1.GROUP SWITCH
2.CLOCK MODULES
3.NETWORK SYSCHRONISATION
4.CONFERENCE CALL DEVICES
1.THE GROUP SWITCH: BUILT AROUND T – S – T – STRUCTURE IS USED MAINLY FOR CONNECTIONS FOR DIFFERENT PURPOSES i. e.FOR EXCHANGE OF SPEECH,SIGNALS, DATA etc.
IT CONSIST OF TWO TYPES OF MODULES :
TSM : TIME SWITCH MODULE
SPM : SPACE SWITCHING MODULE
(THERE CAN BE MAXIMUM 128 TSMs GIVING 65536 PORTS OR TIME SLOTS.
OUTPUT OF EACH TSM IS A 16-PCM MULTIPLEX WHICH IS CONNECTED TO AN SPM AS A HORIZONTAL. THIS SO CALLED HORIZONTAL ACCOMODATES 512 TIME SLOTS BUT EACH OF 244 NANO SEC. THUS ONE FRAME OF THIS PCM MULTIPLEX IS EQUIVALENT TO 16 CONVENTIONAL PCM FRAMES OF 125 MICROSEC. EACH . EACH TIME SLOT CARRIES 10 BITS: 8 OF SPEECH OR DATA , ONE FOR PARITY AND ONE AS A PLANE SELECT BIT. THE HORIZONTAL CARRIES SPEECH SAMPLES COMING FROM THE SUBSCRIBER.
29
Each TSM has also a vertical, again a 16 – PCM multiplex , coming from the SPMs. The vertical carries speech samples going towards the subscriber. The cross points are made between a particular incoming time slot on a horizontal connected to the SPM and the same time slot number on any vertical connected on the same SPM. ON each cross-points 10 wires are simultaneously switched through by the gates in the space module
A fully equipped SPM has 32 horizontals and 32 verticals as shown in the fig. An SPM thus provides 16384 incoming and 16384 outgoing Time slots and a group switch with with such an SPM is called 16-K group switch. The exchange can be expanded by adding SPM modules such that we have square matrix of 1x1, 2x2, 3x3 , or at the most 4x4 SPMs. A group switch of optimum size is indicated in the fig. The arrangement shows that any timeslot on any horizontal can be connected onto any vertical of the whole group switch, no matter whatever be the size of the switch.
The number of TSMs will depend on the number of PCM lines to be connected and the number of SPMs will depend on the number of TSMs.
The whole group switch is duplicated in two planes – Plane A and Plane B . Both operating totally independently with no interconnection whatsoever.
30
16kMult. Pos 32 Mult. Pos 48 Mult. POS 64 k Mult.Pos
SPM02
031 SPM
0396 127
SPM03
3263 96 127
SPM03
6495 96 127
SPM03
96 127
96 127
031
SPM12
3263 64 95
SPM22
6495 64 95
SPM32
96 127
64 95
SPM01
031
SPM11
3263 32 63
SPM21
6495 32 63
SPM 31
96
127
SPM00
031
SPM10
3263 0 31
SPM20
6495 0 31
SPM30
96 127
0 32
TSM96
TSM127
63
64 9532 63
TSM0
0
TSM31
31
310
EXTENSION STEPS OF THE SPACE MODULE
15
496511
15361551
20322048
31
AXE-10 will have1 SPM s for upto 16k positions (X – points )
4 SPMs for upto 32k
9 SPMs for upto 48k
16 SPMs for upto 64k (Optimum size)
32
2. CCD ( CONFERENCE CALL DEVICES ) MAGAZINE
EACH CCD MAGAZINE HANDLE 10, 3 – PARTY CONFERENCE CALLS.
3. CLM : CLOCK MODULES
THERE ARE THREE CLOCK MODULES IN EVERY AXE, CALLED CLMO, CLM1, CLM2.
THESE MODULES GENERATE AND SUPPLY STABLE FREQUENCIES TO TSM AND SPM MODULES. 8 KHZ SIGNAL ES USED AS FRAMING FREQUENCY FOR NETWORK SYNCHRONISATION AND 4 MHZ FOR THE OPERATION ) READ/ WRITE ) OF SWITCH MEMORIES IN THE TSM AND SPM MODULES.
TRAFFIC HANDLING CAPACITY CAPACITY OH GS
128 TSM + 16 SPM
128x16 PCMs = 2048 PCMs
= 65,536 PORTS, POSITIONS, TIME SLOTS
DUPLICATED PLANES, A & B FOR SECURITY , SPEECH PASSES ON BOTH PLANES BUT EXTRATED FROM A PLANE ONLY USUALLY.
33
ORGANISATION OF APZ
CPS , RPS PROCESSORS
SPS, FMS, MCS, DCS I / O GROUP
CPS
CENTRAL PROCESSOR, SYNCHRONOUS – DUPLICATED
CP – A ( EXECUTIVE, NORMALLY )
CP – B ( HOT STANDBY NORMALLY )
PROCESSOR CAPACITY : 800,000 BHCA
EACH CP CAN HAVE UPTO 128 RP HANDLER i.e. 1024 RPs MAXIMUM CAN BE EQUIPPED IN THE EXCHANGE.
34
RPH RPH
SPU SPU
IPU IPU
DS RS PS DS RS PS
MAU
UMB-S
CP-A CP-B
TO / FROM RP TO / FROM RPAPZ 212
CP-A---CP A—SIDE, CP-B----CP B SIDE, DS—DATA STORE, RS—REGIONAL STORE, PS---PGOGRAM STORE, IPU--INSTRUCTION PROCESSOR, MAU—MAINENANCE UNIT, RPH—REGIONAL PROCESSOR HANDLER,SPU—SIGNAL PROCESSOR , UMB-1---UPDATING AND MATCH BUS FOR IPU, UMB-S---UPDATING AND MATCH BUS FOR SPU
UMB-1
35
TO / FROM RP TO / FROM RPAPZ 212
TO MINIMISE HARDWARE FAULTS TWO IDENTICAL CP OPERATING SYNCHRONOUSLY EACH HAVING THEIR SRORES ARE PROVIDED. BOTH EXECUTE SAME PROGRAMS. A—SIDE IS EXECUTIVE AND B SIDE IS HOT S/B . RPs RECEIVE ORDERS FROM A SIDE. NO REDUCTION IN CAPACITY IF ONE SIDE STOPS WORKING. AFTER A SIDE HALTED AND REPAIRED IT RETURN TO OPERATION IN PARALLEL WITH THE FAULTLESS SIDE DATA ARE TRANSFERRRED FROM EXECUTIVE SIDE TO REPAIRED SIDE .
RPH RPH
SPU SPU
IPU IPU
DS RS PS DS RS PS
MAU
UMB-S
CP-A CP-B
UMB-1
36
AFTER UPDATING A—SIDE IS EXECUTIVE AND B SIDE IS S / B. BOTH SIDES RECEIVE SAME INFORMATION FROM RPs , THEY WILL CONTAIN EXACTLY THE SAME DATA AND DO EXACTLY THE SAME WORK.
RPH– HANDLE UPTO 128 RPs . AND UPTO 4 RPHs CAN BE CONNECTED.
SPU—PREPARE THE WORK FOR IPU (INSTRUCTION PROCESSOR) . THUS IPU PERFORM PROGRAMS.
IPU—EXECUTE PROGRAMS AND SPU TELLS IPU THE ADDRESS AT WHICH IT SHOULD START EXECUTING THEM, IPU HAS ACCESS TO STORES.
MAU—INITIATES TESTS IN BOTH SIDES IN CASE OF FAULT. MAU ALSO DECIDES WHICH SIDE TO BE EXECUTIVE.
TO / FROM RP APZ 212
RPH RPH
SPU SPU
IPU IPU
DS RS PS DS RS PS
MAU
UMB-S
CP-A CP-B
TO / FROM RP
UMB-1
37
RPS
THERE CAN BE UPTO 1024 REGIONAL PROCESSORS IN THE EXCHANGE.
EACH RP PAIN HANDLES : 2 TO 16 EMs ( EXTENSION MODULES )
EACH PAIR WORKS ON LOAD – SHARING BASIS. GENERALLY ONE RP HANDLES EVEN – NUMBERED MODULES AND ITS TWIN HANDLES ODD – NUMBERED MODULES.
IOG – 11B
THERE ARE 4 CABINETS IN THE IOG SUPPLIED TO INDIA. TWO OF THE CABINETS ARE CALLED NODE – A AND TWO NODE- B
THE DIMENSATION OF EACH CABINET IS : 0.79 m(W) x0.4m(D)x2.135m(H)
THE HARDWARE OF IOG INCORPORATES THE EQUIPMENTS FOR SPS, FMS, MCS.
38
MAN – MACHINE COMMUNICATION SUBSYSTEM
THE FOLLOWING HARDWARE AND THEIR RELATED SOFTWARE FORM PART OF MAN – MACHINE COMMUNICATION SUBSYSTEM.
-ALARM PRINTER
-ALARM DISPLAY PANEL
-ALPHANUMERIC TERMINALS ( AT ) : 32 PORTS PER IOG - 11B ; 16 ON NODE A & 16 ON NODE B .
-PC
RELIABILITY ASPECTS OF AXE
SYSTEM OPERATIONAL RELIABILITY IS ENSURED THROUGH HARDWARE DUPLICATION AND ON- LINE SUPERVISION AND CORRECTIVE ACTION.
DUPLICATED HARDWARE : CENTRAL PROCESSOR, SUPPORT PROCESSORS IN IOG , REGIONAL PROCESSORS, BUSES ( EMB, RPB, TSB, EMRPB ), SIGNALLING CHANNELS FOR SIGNALLING BETWEEN RSS AND CP , GROUP SWITCH : A – PLANE& B – PLANE,WORKING INDEPENDENTLY, HARD DISKS, MTUs
39
SUPPORT PROCESSOR SUB SYSTEM
SPS IS BASED ON APN – 167 SUPPORT PROCESSOR.
HARDWARE IS DUPLICATED IN TWO CABINETS – NODE – A AND NODE – B . IT COMMUNICATES WITH I / O DEVICES AND CP FOR MAN – M/C COMM. FILE MANAGEMENT etc.
FILE MANAGEMENT SUB SYSTEM:
HARD DISK 600 MB.
2 / NODE. IN RECENT SWITCHES
SINGLE 1.2 GB DISK/NODE
FLOPPY DISK DRIVES (1.2 MB ) / NODE
MAG. TAPE UNITS – 2 USED FOR
-EXTRACTING DETAILED BILLING
CALL METER DUMPING ON MAG. TAPE
-NEW FUNCTION BLOCK LOADING, INITIAL SYSTEM LOADING .
-(TAPE TO DISK.), TAKING SYSTEM DUMP.(DISK TO TAPE)
40
BUILT – IN CHECK FUNCTIONS FOR ON – LINE SUPERVISION OF HARDWARE : ON DECTECTING FAULT, UNIT IS BLOCKED WITH SWITCH OVER TO ,FAULT FREE UNIT.
41
THANK YOU
42
Logical System Architecture
Figure 2.8
Application PlatformApplication Platform
Application Application ModuleModule
AMAM
Application Application ModuleModule
AMAM
System Platform
System Interface
Application Service Application Service InterfaceInterface
Protocols
Provides access toshared system resources
43
The AM concept system Architecture
Figure 2.9
APSI
AA Application Application
ModuleModuleAMAM
Application Application ModuleModule
AMAM
System Platform APZSystem Platform APZ
Resource ModuleResource ModulePlatformPlatform
RMPRMP
ExistingExistingSourceSourceSystemSystem
XSSXSS
ApplicationApplicationPart of XSSPart of XSS
Application PlatformApplication PlatformPart of XSSPart of XSS
APSI
Protocols Protocols
44
AXE 106 Product Structure
System Modules (SMs)System Modules (SMs)
AMAM RPMRPM XSSXSS APZAPZ
AXE
Figure 2.10
45
APPLICATION MODULESAPPLICATION MODULES
An AM may only inter work with other AMs and the XSS via AM protocols, using communication services made available in the RMP.
AMs must be independent of the internal contents of other AMs.
Protocols must never convey information of an internal nature of an AM.
46
APPLICATION MODULESAPPLICATION MODULESThe benefits areThe benefits are
Improved design- Improved design- For each individual AM to be designed, the most suitable software structures, solutions & techniques can be used
Co-ordination-Co-ordination-TThe impact of new applications on existing ones can be kept to a minimum & there is good co-ordination between old and new applications.
Portability-Portability- Portability of applications between systems and markets is possible.
47
APPLICATION MODULESAPPLICATION MODULESThe benefits areThe benefits are
Improved design- Improved design- For each individual AM to be designed, the most suitable software structures, solutions & techniques can be used
Co-ordination-Co-ordination-TThe impact of new applications on existing ones can be kept to a minimum & there is good co-ordination between old and new applications.
Portability-Portability- Portability of applications between systems and markets is possible.
48
APPLICATION MODULESAPPLICATION MODULES
Application related functionsApplication related functionsSubscriber services Traffic control
Functions with extensive market variationsFunctions with extensive market variationsCharging output Subscriber services
Functions where network capabilities are requiredFunctions where network capabilities are requiredRouting to subscriber
The following functions belongs to the AMs or the XSS:
49
RESOURCE MODULE RESOURCE MODULE PLATFORM (RMP)PLATFORM (RMP)
The RMP is defined as a “collection of resources”. “collection of resources”.
These resources are are necessary for :
The introduction of AM based applicationsThe introduction of AM based applications
The support of AM based applicationsThe support of AM based applications
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RESOURCE MODULE RESOURCE MODULE PLATFORM (RMP)PLATFORM (RMP)
The RMP is “a set of rules”“a set of rules” how to communicate with XSS or between AMs.
AMs communicate with one another or with the XSS via the “communication services”“communication services” included in the RMP.
The main reason for having an RMP is to provide a “location for shared system resourceslocation for shared system resources
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RESOURCE MODULE RESOURCE MODULE PLATFORM (RMP)PLATFORM (RMP)
Connection service subsystem (COSSConnection service subsystem (COSS)) which permit the user (XSS or AM) to establish switched connectionsControls 64 kbps transmission connections on a per
call basis. Co-ordinates the use of physical switch resources, like
channels, conferencing, digit sending / reception,etc.
Communication service subsystem (COMS)The control and co-ordination of inter-AM
communication, that is, communication between AMs in the same physical node.
The RMP consists of the following subsystems :
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RESOURCE MODULE RESOURCE MODULE PLATFORM (RMP)PLATFORM (RMP)
Charging service subsystem (CHSS)Charge unit generation and timing
Group switching subsystem (GSS)The main switching functions within the group
switch. Extended switching subsystem RMP-located (ESS-R)
Multi junctors (MJ) Announcement equipment.
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RESOURCE MODULE RESOURCE MODULE PLATFORM (RMP)PLATFORM (RMP)
Charging service subsystem (CHSS)Charge unit generation and timing
Group switching subsystem (GSS)The main switching functions within the group
switch. Extended switching subsystem RMP-located (ESS-R)
Multi junctors (MJ) Announcement equipment.
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RESOURCE MODULE RESOURCE MODULE PLATFORM (RMP)PLATFORM (RMP)
Common channel signalling subsystem (CCSCommon channel signalling subsystem (CCS))The message transfer part (MTP)The signalling connection control part (SCCP) The transaction capabilities application part (TCAP)
Operation and maintenance subsystem RMP-located (OMS-ROperation and maintenance subsystem RMP-located (OMS-R))Administration and maintenance of digital paths Connection performance test of the group switch.
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RESOURCE MODULE RESOURCE MODULE PLATFORM (RMP)PLATFORM (RMP)
Common channel signalling subsystem (CCSCommon channel signalling subsystem (CCS))The message transfer part (MTP)The signalling connection control part (SCCP) The transaction capabilities application part (TCAP)
Operation and maintenance subsystem RMP-located (OMS-ROperation and maintenance subsystem RMP-located (OMS-R))Administration and maintenance of digital paths Connection performance test of the group switch.
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Application Platform Service Application Platform Service Interface (APSI)Interface (APSI)
The resources implemented in the Application Platform are defined as services and described in an services and described in an interface called APSI.interface called APSI.
The objective of APSIThe objective of APSI
A generic interface which may be used for AM based applications world-wide
Allow easy portability of AMs between systems.
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EXISTING SOURCE SYSTEM EXISTING SOURCE SYSTEM (XSS)(XSS)
The XSS is an SM which contains most of the existing application (APT) functionality.
The XSS appears to other AMs as an AM.
The XSS communicates with AMs via AM protocols.
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EXISTING SOURCE SYSTEM EXISTING SOURCE SYSTEM (XSS)(XSS)
Redesign of existing products is kept to a minimum.
Reuse of the XSS ensures that the stability and quality of existing products are maintained.
The cost of redesign of the existing market products is avoided.
The reasons for maintaining the XSS are:
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