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SARAWAK
SABAH
PENINSULAR
Map of MalaysiaMap of Malaysia
Total land area - 33 million ha.
Agricultural area - 6.6 million ha (20% of total area)
Industrial crops - oil palm, rubber, cocoa, tobacco and pepper –occupy about 77% of total agricultural land
Other crops - paddy, fruits, vegetables & coconut – cover 16% of total agricultural land
Scenario of Malaysian Scenario of Malaysian Agriculture Agriculture
Agriculture sector in Malaysia is Agriculture sector in Malaysia is divided into :-divided into :-
(i) Estate sub-sector
• holdings more than 100 acres (40.5 ha)• highly commercialized and efficiently managed• owned by private companies, public-listed corporate entities or public land development agencies• totally involved in the production of industrial crops such as oil palm, rubber, cocoa and pineapples
(ii) Smallholders’ sub-sector
• average farm size is about 1.45 ha and owned by individual farmers• collective acreage of land operated by 1,033,065 farmers amounting to 75% of the total area under agriculture• less commercialized and less efficiently managed• main contributors to food crop production as well as industrial crop production
Agriculture sector in Malaysia is Agriculture sector in Malaysia is divided into :-divided into :-
Farmers’ ProfileFarmers’ ProfileTotal Number of Farmers : approximately 1 million *
Paddy : + 400,000
Horticultural crop : + 200,000 (Fruits, vegetables, floriculture)
Industrial Crops : + 750,000 (Rubber, oil palm)
Other Crops : + 50,000
* Some farmers are involved in more than 1 crop
LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE (1998-2004)
INDUSTRY 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
PADI PLANTERS
302,852
314,158
320,587
297,227
268,542
320,022
FARMERS 311,979
301,035
284,637
239,517
245,976
248,260
LIVESTOCK FARMERS
43,222
41,263
36,790
35,870
34,005
79,665
FISHERMEN
115,901
125,353
136,610
104,309
102,933
132,712
AQUACULTURE
8,966 9,134 8,528 3,346
4,067 9,694
SMALL HOLDINGS
387,982
353,828
290,146
304,990
337,792
442,486
TOTAL 1,170,902
1,144,771
1,077,298
985,259
993,315
1,232,839
Farmers’ ProfileFarmers’ Profile
< 45 years old< 45 years old :: 30%30%
45-55 years old :45-55 years old : 25 %25 %
> 55 years old> 55 years old :: 45%45%
SCENARIO OF THE NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SECTOR After Independent:
• Malaysian an agricultural nation
• Economic activity over dependant on agriculture & mining
• Contribution to GDP, 1957: agricultural sector = 46%
• Total work force, 1966: agricultural sector = 80.3%
“New Millennium” Era• Malaysian well known as
producer of manufacturing products
• Contribution to GDP, 2003: agricultural sector = 8.45%
• Total work force, 2003: agricultural sector = 14.3%
CONTRIBUTION TO GDP
YEAR
PLANTATION SECTOR
(%)
FOOD SECTOR
(%)
1995
9.6 3.6
2003
5.2 3.3
2004
6.1 2.9
• GDPGDPNational= USD 133.8 million National= USD 133.8 million Agriculture= USD 11.6 million Agriculture= USD 11.6 million (8.7%)(8.7%)
• TradeTradeExportExport ImportImport
NationalNational USD 144.3 millonUSD 144.3 millon USD USD 117.3 million117.3 millionAgricultureAgriculture USD 16.3 million (11%)USD 16.3 million (11%) USD 8.8 USD 8.8 million (7.5%)million (7.5%)Agro-foodAgro-food USD 2.7 million (1.9%)USD 2.7 million (1.9%) USD 4.8 USD 4.8 milion (4.1%)milion (4.1%)
• Labor ForceLabor ForceNational = 10.5 million personNational = 10.5 million personAgriculture = 1.5 million (14.6%)Agriculture = 1.5 million (14.6%)
Food Subsector
• Crop• Livestock• Fisheries
Industrial Commodities
• Palm Oil• Rubber• Cocoa
• Wood & Timber• Pepper
MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE & AGRO-BASED INDUSTRY& AGRO-BASED INDUSTRY
MINISTRY OF PRIMARY MINISTRY OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY & COMMODITIESINDUSTRY & COMMODITIES
MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND AGRO-BASED INDUSTRY
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
MALAYSIAN AGRI. MALAYSIAN AGRI. RESEARCH & RESEARCH &
DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTEINSTITUTE(MARDI)(MARDI)
FEDERAL AGRI. FEDERAL AGRI. MARKETING MARKETING AUTHORITY AUTHORITY
(FAMA)(FAMA)
MUDA AGRI. MUDA AGRI. DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT
AUTHORITY (MADA)AUTHORITY (MADA)
KEMUBU AGRI. KEMUBU AGRI. DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT
AUTHORITY (KADA)AUTHORITY (KADA)
DEPARTMENT OF DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARYVETERINARY
SERVICESSERVICES
DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIESOF FISHERIES
MALAYSIA MALAYSIA AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE BANK (BPM) BANK (BPM)
FARMERS’ FARMERS’ ORGANIZATION ORGANIZATION
AUTHORITY (FOA)AUTHORITY (FOA)
MALAYSIAN FISHERY MALAYSIAN FISHERY DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT BOARD (LKIM)BOARD (LKIM)
MALAYSIAN MALAYSIAN PINEAPPLE PINEAPPLE INDUSTRY INDUSTRY
DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT BOARD (MPIB)BOARD (MPIB)
NATIONANATIONAL L
AGRICULAGRICULTURE TURE
POLICYPOLICY
National Agricultural Policy(Background)
Since 1984, three National Agricultural Policy (NAP) were formulated to develop the agricultural sector:
•Emphasis on NAP1 (1984-1991):- To develop the export oriented sector
•Current situation :
♦abundant labor force
♦expansionary economic policy
♦adequate land resources
♦commodity/ plantation (palm oil/ cocoa)
♦infrastructure
1st National Agriculture Policy (1984-1991)
Focus on expansionary policy on export crop i.e. oil palm & cocoa
Abundant land & adequate manpower
Government invested heavily on • infrastructure• institutional building• new land developments for oil palm & cocoa• in-situ development to resolve uneconomic farm size & low productivity among small holders
• Emphasis of NAP 2 (1992-1997): ♦ Increasing productivity, efficiency
& competitiveness♦ Increasing land areas for palm oil
(plantation crop)♦Development of agro-based
industry
National Agricultural Policy(Background)
Greater focus on issues of productivity, efficiency & competitiveness
Addressing the linkages with other economy sector
2nd National Agriculture Policy (1992-1998)
Shifted from new area development to in-situ development
STRUCTURAL CHANGES(1992 – 1998)
ECONOMY• Acute labor shortage• Increasing costs• Competition for land & water
resources • Economic & financial crisis • Inflation
GLOBALISATION & LIBERALISATION• Implementation of WTO, APEC, AFTA• High import costs of food items
•Emphasis of NAP 3 (1998-2010):♦ Increasing the competitiveness of
the agricultural sector♦Maximizing income through :
Optimum utilization of resources
Increasing agriculture contribution to national GDP
Increasing income of producers
National Agricultural Policy(Background)
Further development of agro-food sub-sector as well as agro-based industries
1997 Asian Financial Crisis :• Need to find alternative to manufacturing sector • Agro-food sub-sector to be engine of growth
3rd National Agriculture Policy (1998-2010)
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE OF NAP 3
• Enhancing food security• Increasing productivity &
competitiveness of the sector
• Deepen linkages with other sectors
• Create new sources of growth
• Adopting sustainable development, utilization and management of natural resources
99thth MP MP(2006-(2006-2010)2010)
TARGETSTARGETS
To Increased To Increased Value AddedValue Added
Increased Increased ProductionProduction
To Contain To Contain Import BillImport Bill
Increase Self- Increase Self- Sufficiency Sufficiency
LevelLevel
Increasing agricultural Increasing agricultural production including production including
new sources of growth new sources of growth with greater private with greater private sector participationsector participation
Improving the Improving the service delivery service delivery
systemsystem POLICY POLICY THRUSTTHRUST
Expanding agro-Expanding agro-based processing based processing
activities & product activities & product diversificationdiversification
Strengthening Strengthening marketing and global marketing and global
networkingnetworking
Enhancing incomes Enhancing incomes of smallholders, of smallholders,
farmers and farmers and fishermenfishermen
DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
(ISSUES & CHALLENGES)
ISSUES
INDUSTRY RESOURCE
Small & uneconomic land holdings * 65% paddy planters work on holding < 1 ha
Competition for land resources* 6.36 million land; 83 % for estate
Imported planting materials/ input* Vegetables: 95% seeds imported
* Fruits: 40% seeds imported
* Fish try: 25%imported
FARMERS
Ageing farmers : 39% age >55 years old
Under employment* Paddy planters: 27 days/season• Coconut smallholders: 16 days/ month
Perception of youngsters generation engaging in agriculture
sector is not attractive
Inadequate labor force: 19,343 foreign workers brought in for period 2001-2003
PRIVATE SECTOR
Agricultural is perceived as a poor man’s sector & profile not comparable with other sectors
Low productivity of the sector• 60% lesser than productivity in the
manufacturing sector• Need to enhance productivity
OVERSEAS
Trade liberalization: WTO, APEC & AFTA* Need to enhance competitiveness of
agricultural products
Asian financial crisis 1997 & devaluation of values of Malaysian Ringgit (RM)
* Increasing cost imported agricultural inputs
* Increasing of food import bills
CHALLENGES
Transforming small scale agro-industry into commercial
ventures
Ensuring adequate, quality, safe and nutritious food at a
reasonable price
Reducing full dependency on labor force in the agricultural
sector
Ensuring sustainable development of the agricultural sector
Increasing competitiveness of the national agricultural sector
Strengthening the development of industry in agriculture and
of industry in agriculture and to encourage private sector
investment
CHALLENGES
To make Agricultural sector as the 3rd engine of
national economic growth (new source)
New scope includes agro-based industry
Development of the sector covers the total aspect
of production and
supply chain management
TRANSFORMING THE AGRI-FOOD TRANSFORMING THE AGRI-FOOD SECTOR IN NEW ERASECTOR IN NEW ERA
Transformation of agriculture and agro-based industry as a sector which is :
Modern,
Dynamic, and
Competitive
Scope of Transformation
Current situation After transformation
Farm size: - small Large scale, commercial & economic - uneconomic
Labor force: - limited Mechanization, automation & technology - ageing Less labor intensive activities
Farm management:Professional, agriculture is business, - traditional Application of ICT, - “satisfactory” Commercial management/ - “enough” collective/economic of scale, - manual Business Plan
Scope of Transformation
Current situation After transformation
Less/ not competitive:- Low product quality Standard, certification & - non-standard quality export quality
- product dumping - price factor
Return on Investment - Low Diversified returns: - time consuming mixed farming, intercropping
value-added
TRANSFORMATION
Transformation of Traditional Farmers Sectoral Transformation
- Land/farm size - Development based on zoning/ cluster- Application of technology - Private sector investment- Mechanization - Investment incentives- Productivity - Implementation of Good Agricultural - Supply-demand matching Practices Program (GAP)- Marketing- Farmer Cooperation- Diversity of economic activity- Modernization
Horizontal/Vertical Transformation - Food processing - Value added activities - supply chain activities - by products
Transformation of Traditional Farmers
Land/farm size :• Development of collective
agricultural projects (in-group)
• Amalgamation of farms towards creating commercial farm size (sizeable estates)
• Introducing systematic & modern farming practices
• Practicing standard manual- (technology package, business plan & centralized management)
Transformation of Traditional Farmers
Application of technology :• Research & Development
based on current needs• Commercialization &
transfer of technology (TOT)
• Extension programs on technology & training
• On-site training
Transformation of Traditional Farmers
Reducing labor force in agriculture through :• Reduction on labor intensive
industries• Promoting cultivation of new
crops• Promoting the production of
environmentally controlled systems using mechanization and automation
• Accelerating R&D in creating new technology that reduces dependency on use of manpower/labor
Transformation of Traditional Farmers
Transforming of Farmers’ Association
• Changing mindset of traditional farmers through capacity building and motivational programmers
• Creating model projects involving paddy, fruits,
vegetables and livestock• Contract farming & integrated
farms• Processing, marketing, value
added, supply linkages activities• Mixed cropping, inter-cropping
and integration
Transformation of Traditional Farmers
Transforming of National Fisherman’s
Association
• Fund for Fishermen Program – Use of fishing boats/ vessel
and modern fishing equipments
• Skills enhancement through training and motivational program
• Branding & collection centre• New market opportunities – fish
mart, fish kiosk, fish on wheel & in petrol kiosk
• Inviting giant companies to establish grand seafood restaurant with all modern facilities-as a model
Transformation of Traditional Farmers
QUALITY AND FOOD SAFETY
Accreditation and certification program :
Producing safe and high quality food Producing food conforms to international
standards Promoting sustainable agricultural
development
Farm Accreditation Scheme (Skim Amalan Ladang Baik Malaysia or SALM)
Aqua Farm Certification Scheme(Skim Pensijilan Ladang Akuakultur Malaysia SPLAM)
Farm Accreditation Scheme Malaysia (SALM)
Concept of SALM :
Inspection and verification of farm by independent auditors
Audit for conformance to accepted and defined protocols,
national guidelines, standards, legislation and policies.
Corrective and preventive actions by farm
Benchmarking on specific farm based on EUREGAP,
CODEX, others
Farm Accreditation Scheme Malaysia (SALM)
Program to recognize farms that adopt :
Good agricultural practices
Operates sustainable and environment friendly
Safe and quality produce for consumption
C
DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARYSERVICES, MALAYSIA
EST. NO. : …....
Livestock Accreditation Scheme(Skim Amalan Ladang Ternakan or SALT)
LOGOVETERINARY HEALTH MARK
(VHM)
(Veterinary Health Mark or VHM) – Processed products
Transformation of Traditional Farmers
Marketing
• Packaging, labeling and branding
• Conformance to Food Act 1974
• Conformance to food safety and sanitation
• Standard and quality
Quality Control System(MARDI QAS)
Seal of Quality
Promotion of Malaysian agricultural products through branding
Transformation of Traditional Farmers
Diversification of economic activity• Integration of cattle in palm
oil plantation
• Intercropping
• Mixed farming
• Processing activities
Transformation of Traditional Farmers
Major Programs for Farmers
• Group Farming Project
• Permanent Food Production Park Project
• Transformation of Farmers’ Association
• Transformation of coconut Smallholders
• 10 Tan Paddy Project
• Malaysian Farm Accreditation Scheme
• Contract Farming
• Farm Mechanization Program
Major Livestock Programs• Cattle Integration in Palm Oil
Plantation• Closed System for Chicken
Rearing• Cattle feedlot system• Malaysian Livestock
Accreditation Scheme• Contract FarmingMajor Programs for Fishermen•Fund for Fishermen•Transformation of National
Fisherman’s Association•Malaysian Aqua Farm
Certification Scheme•Contract Farming
Sectoral Transformation
Development based on zoning/cluster :
– Increasing productivity
– Enhancing efficiency
– Promoting down stream activities
– Promoting integrated development
• AQUACULTURE INDUSTRIAL ZONE
• CROP ZONING
• PRODUCTION ZONES FOR LIVESTOCK
• TARGET AREA CONCENTRATION
ZON MFZ 1
(Mixed Fruit Zone 1)
Sub Zon
MFZ 1
(a)
Sub Zon
MFZ 1
(b)
Sub Zon
MFZ 1
(c)
Belimbing
Limau
Roselle
Tembikai
Belimbing
Mangga
Nangka
Limau
Nangka,
Mangga,
Jambu
Batu
Kota
Tinggi,
Johor
Bahru,
Kluang, Mersing,
Rompin
Segamat
Tampin
Jempol
Bera
Temerloh
Maran
K. Lipis
Bentong
Raub
Jerantut
ZON MFZ 2
(Mixed Fruit Zone 2)
Sub Zon
MFZ 2
(a)
Sub Zon
MFZ 2
(b)
Sub Zon
MFZ 2
(c)
Betik
Limau
Mangga
Betik,
Jambu
Batu,
Roselle
Mangga
Belimbing,
Nanas,
Jambu
Batu
Kuala
Kangsar,
Larut Matang,
Hulu Perak
Batang Padang,
Kinta,
Perak
Tengah,
Manjung,
Hilir Perak
Hulu
Selangor,
Gombak,
H. Langat,
Petaling,
Klang,
WP,
Seremban
ZON MFZ 3
(Mixed Fruit Zone 3)
Sub Zon
MFZ 3 (a)
Sub Zon
MFZ 3 (b)
Sub Zon
MFZ 3 (c)
Limau Tembikai
Roselle
Nanas
Limau
Tembikai
Kemaman
Dungun,
Hulu
Terengganu
Marang,
Kuala
Terengganu, Setiu,
Besut,
Pasir Putih, Bachok, Kota Banru, Tumpat
Pasir Mas,
Tanah Merah,
Macang,
Jeli, Kuala
Kerai, Gua
Musang
ZON MZ 1
(Mango Zone 1)
Sub Zon
MZ 1
(a)
Sub Zon
MZ 1
(b)
Mangga
Tembikai
Mangga,
Nanas,
Jambu
Batu
Alor Gajah, Jasin, Melaka
Tengah,
Rembau
Muar
ZON MZ 2
(Mango Zone 2)
Sub Zon
MZ 2 (a)
Sub Zon
MZ 2 (b)
Mangga
Tembikai
Limau
Nangka
Mangga,
Nanas,
Jambu
Batu
Perlis,
Langkawi,
Kbg Pasu,
Padang
Terap, Pokok Sena, Kota Setar,
Pendang
K. Muda,
Sik, Baling,
Kulim,
Bandar Baru,
SPU,SPTSPS,
T/Laut,
B/Daya
ZON PZ 1
(Pineapple Zone 1)
Sub Zon
PZ 1 (a)
Sub Zon
PZ 1 (b)
Nanas Nanas, Pisang
Pontian Batu Pahat
ZON PZ 2
(Pineapple Zone 2)
Sub Zon PZ 2 (a) - Peat
Sub Zon PZ 2 (b) - BRIS
Nanas Nanas, Roselle
Kuantan, Pekan
Kuantan, Pekan
CROP ZONING CROP ZONING
• PAPAYAPAPAYA• STAR FRUITSTAR FRUIT• PINEAPPLEPINEAPPLE• MELONMELON• GUAVAGUAVA
• JACKFRUITJACKFRUIT• BANANABANANA• CITRUSCITRUS• MANGOMANGO
Potential Fruit CropsPotential Fruit Crops
No. 1 in EU
No. 1 in Hong Kong No. 2 in the world
No. 1 in Hong Kong &No. 12 in the world
No. 17 in the world
No. 18 in the world
MALAYSIA’S SUCCESS IN FRUIT TRADEMALAYSIA’S SUCCESS IN FRUIT TRADE
Sectoral Transformation
Zoning/Cluster based development supported with activities, such as :• Good Agricultural Practice
Certification, Accreditation Schemes & Malaysia’s Best standardisation, commercialisation & transfer of technology
• Skilled training• Supply – demand matching• Sustainable agricultural
development• Pest/disease control
Sectoral Transformation
Agro-based industry clusters:
• Meat based industry
• Fish based industry
• Fruit based industry
• Vegetables based industry
• Rice based industry
• Herbs based industry
• Coconut based industry
Sectoral Transformation
Promoting private sector investment :• Modern Farm Project• Incubation centre• Offering more attractive fiscal and non-
fiscal incentive facilities • Providing information as guidance to
private sector investment• Promoting large scale involvement of GLCs• Offering more attractive financial schemes• Centralized information centre by AGRI
FOOD Business Development Centre (BDC)
Horizontal/Vertical Transformation
Food Processing/value-added activities :• “Winning Products” Program
– 4 optional categories• Sauce• Snack• Chilled Snack• Drink & Beverages
• Package includes:– Branding– Quality Upgrading– Design and Packaging– Scheduled Production– Aggressive promotion and
advertisement
Brand names to promote SMI Products
Branding Based On Quality And Food Safety
Horizontal/Vertical TransformationSupply chain activities:
• Infrastructure and marketing facilities
• Farm Collection Centre
• ICT facilities and post harvest handling equipments (grading, curing, storage, transportation, packaging and labeling)
• Information on market and extension
• Improvement to delivery process
ConsumersConsumersDistributorsDistributorsFarmersFarmers Dist/collection
centreDist/collection
centre
Supermarket/Hypermarket/Retailers
Supermarket/Hypermarket/Retailers
ProcessorsProcessors
Processed products
S u
p p
l y
C h
a i n
Man
agem
ent
(SC
M)
Fresh produce
PPLPPL
BDC FAMAX/AgricX
Receiving orders FAMA
Receiving orders FAMA Input
procurementInput
procurement Farm management
Farm management Collection &
post harvestCollection & post harvestScheduled
plantingScheduled
planting DeliveryDelivery
• TESCO• Giant• Lifestyle• Carrefour• Billion• PizzaHut• Makro
INTEGRATED SUPPLY CHAIN
(DC)•Chui Chak•Selayang•Puchong•Tangkak•Bkt. Mertajam •Melaka•Johor Bahru
DC
www.agribazaar.com.mywww.agribazaar.com.my
Thankyou