Page 1

OVERVIEW ASSISTED AND

AUTONOMOUS DRIVINGArmin Gräter

Page 2

TODAYCharacterised by human driving behaviour.

TOMORROWCharacterised by

automated driving behaviour.

ACCIDENT STATISTICS

STRICT REGULATIONS

TRAFFIC LIGHTS, SIGNS

QUALITY OF LIFE

‘ZERO’ TARGET VISION

AUTOMATIC TRAFFIC REGULATION

THE TRANSPORT OF TODAY AND TOMORROW WILL DIFFER CONSIDERABLY.

OWNED & SHARED OWNED & SHARED & AUTOMATED

WHEN?

L1DRIVER

ASSISTANCE

L2PARTIAL AUTOMATION

L3CONDITIONAL AUTOMATION

L4HIGH AUTOMATION

L5FULL

AUTOMATION

Many features of advanced driver assistance system on the road.

Steering,Braking, Accelerating taken over by the vehicle

Driver still fully responsible.

TODAY, EVERYWHERE

Many test vehicles of various OEMs worldwide, no series production yet.

Vehicle takes over driving

Driver ready for takeover when vehicle comes to limits.

ON HIGHWAYS AS OPTION CITY PILOTFLEET

Prototypes and small research fleet by OEMs, Tech Companies and Startups.

Vehicle operates without driver in specific use cases.

No driver necessary.

PATHS OF AUTOMATION.

No researchprojects.

Vehicle operateswithoutdriver always, everywhere.

Standard equipmentand cheapoption.

Steering orBraking/ Acceleratingtaken over bythe vehicle

Page 4

NEW ASSISTANCE FUNCTIONS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASE SAFETY AND COMFORT FOR OUR CUSTOMERS.

IMPROVED PARKING AUTOMATION1 REVERSING ASSISTANT2 HMI CONCEPT

ASSISTED DRIVING MODE3 STEERING AND LANE KEEPING ASSISTANT4

HANDS-OFF OPTION (ASSISTED DRIVING PLUS)5 AUTOMATED ADOPTION

OF SPEED LIMIT6 EMERGENCY STOP ASSISTANT7 URBAN CRUISE CONTROL8

RISK COMPARISON, CAR ACCIDENTS GERMANY 2016: AUTOMATION WILL REDUCE STRONGLY .

5,92,81

1,561,43

0,990,86

0,660,66

0,60,53

0,370,35

0,250,240,24

0,180,150,12

0,0140,0100,007

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Stürze (alle Altersgruppen) alle Sturzarten

Straßenverkehr (alle Verkehrsteilnehmer)

PKW

Sturz auf oder von Treppe/Stufen

Stürze (0-65 Jahre) - alle Sturzarten

Motorrad

Akzidentielle Vergiftung durch schädliche Substanzen

Sturz auf gleicher Ebene, Stolpern oder Straucheln

Fussgängerunfälle mit PKW Beteiligung

Ertrinken

Tätlicher Angriff

Fahrradunfälle ohne PKW Beteiligung

Fahrradunfälle mit PKW Beteiligung

nicht unter Kontrolle stehendes Feuer in Gebäuden

LKW

Fussgängerunfälle ohne PKW Beteiligung

Naturkräfte (Kälte, Blitzschlag, Lawine, Erdbeben, etc.)

Sturz auf oder von Leitern

Moped

Stromunfälle im Haushalt

Blitzschlag

Bus

0,4* (~60%) accident avoidable bybraking and evasion maneuver (benefit ofautomation)

0,1* (~15%) physically not avoidable

0,16*(~25%) personal injuriesavoidable by crash into objects

Reference: acceptable risk for technical systems (single risk, MEM)

Source: Destatis (Verkehrsstatistik 2016, Gesundheitsstatistik 2015), Spiegel OnlineMEM: Minimal endogenous mortality („natural“ rate of death – minimal at age of 15 years)

15,75

riskb

elow

aver

age

risks with cars involved

… versus Academic Dilemma Discussionfrom „MIT Moral Machine“

• percentage numbers roughly validatedby GIDAS accident statistics

All road traffic accidents in totalAll ways of downfalling, all ages in total

Example in Detail: Pedestrian Accidents

TODAY‘S ADAS TECHNOLOGIES PREVENT 30% OF CRASHES ON AVERAGE.

− Population-based study of the US market • More than 1 Million BMW passenger cars (Model year 2014+)• Approx. 15,500 crashes• Study period of 4 years (2014-2017)

− Active Driving Assistant (includes frontal crash warning with city collision mitigation/automatic emergency braking and lane departure warning) prevents 23% of crashes.

− 27% less likely to have a frontal crash compared to vehicles without ADAS.

− 15% less likely to have a side impact crash compared to vehicles without ADAS.

− Effectiveness of ADAS increases for newer models: 2014 models are 13% less likely to crash versus 35% for 2017/18 model year.

Correlating sales data

with accident data!

0,690,73

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1

1,1

models: 3, 4 series & X3 models: 5, 6, 7 series & X5

Accident risk without ADAS

-31%

-27%

Acci

dent

risk

w/o

ADA

S

Acci

dent

risk

w/o

ADA

S

Accident risk with ADAS

Accident risk with ADAS

On Board ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Off Board

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING ARE INDISPENSABLE FOR THE DRIVING BEHAVIOR.

Evolution Through Training

275/459275/459

205/310

165/345

Labeling of Training Data

Simulation and Sign-off

Perception, Sensor fusion

Plan Execution, Motion Control Mission and Trajectory Planning

Scene Understanding

Fleetdata

Modelupdate

Backend

(after validation)

CYBER SECURITY IS KEY TO CONNECTED ADAS AND AUTOMATED DRIVING.

• Strong organizational focus on cyber protection.

• Security engineering as an integral part of the developmentprocess.

• Development of an end-to-end security architecture.

• Continuous assesment of riskscenarios.

• Controlled, singular communication entry to a BMW vehicle only via BMW Backend.

• Security protection over the full lifetime of a vehicle and its connectivity.

Regulatory conceptsUN ECE contracting parties: EU, Japan + many other markets

USA: NHTSA AV Guidelines (self-certification)

China: Oriented on UN ECE, develops various standards

Korea: Oriented on UN ECE, self-certification in addition

All others: Activities not perceptibleor seen as relevant

Top BMW standardisation initiatives Consumer protection

THE WHITE PAPER ‘SAFETY FIRST FOR AUTOMATED DRIVING’ DRIVES GLOBAL HARMONISATION AND CREATES A UNIFIED FOUNDATION.

ISO Technical Report 4804

More details: https://www.bmwgroup.com/de/innovation/technologie-und-mobilitaet/artificial-intelligence.html