Overview and System Security to Security Testing

GISFI_SP_201206244 Operator-GISFI Workshop22 June, 2012

Overview and System Security to Security Testing

Company: NEC CorporationAuthor(s): Anand R. Prasad,

Chairman Security & Privacy Working GroupContact: [email protected]: DiscussionDocument#: GISFI_SP_201206244


Purpose

• Start relationship between mobile operators and GISFI

• This workshop on network security requirements is to – Share initial information and– Bring common understanding

• Next step is to have regular meetings and/or workshops– Preferably during GISFI meetings– Separately, just before or after a GISFI meeting


GISFI Security & Privacy WG

Tasks• Work on security, privacy,

legal intercept and algorithms

• Perform threat analysis and identify requirements

• Develop – recommendations

regarding the above– security and privacy

solutions– legal intercept solutions

• Bring Indian requirements to international bodies

Activities• Network security testing

requirements of India• Proposed new topics

– Identity management– Unsolicited communication– Child security in cyber

space

• Inter-WGs– Internet-of-things– Service Oriented Networks– Future Radio Networks


Security Testing Requirements• Companies should fulfill ISO 27k

security guidelines• Highest level of security from design,

development, deployment, maintenance to running of all comm. products and networks

• Security testing of all products and network based on Indian guidelines set as per Common Criteria (ISO 15408) where testing: – performed by Indian labs from 1 April 2013 onwards – yearly– labs will be accredited by Indian government– test result will be certified by Indian government– only “type” testing will be done

• Products/network should fulfill Indian security requirements, implementation should comply with common security considerations and implemented as per standard specification (e.g. 3GPP)


Impacts and Gaps

Impact of requirements• Technical skills growth• Security awareness• Vendors will see delay in

sales and increase in product cost

• Operator cost will increase impacting rural deployment

• Potential trade impact

Gaps• Lab: Accreditation and certifi

cation method• Common criteria

– CC level– PP & STs – certify? who?

• Specification details• Relation with CCRA, 3GPP e

tc.• Acceptable level of risk• Define safe to connect• How to test existing network

CC: Common CriteriaPP: Protection ProfileST: Security Target


Testing Related

• Duration of testing: Longer time to wait will impact business• Periodicity of testing: Given product can have monthly software or

firmware update• Timing of testing: Before purchase will mean impact on vendors

while after purchase could mean issues for operators/service providers

• Volume of testing, number of points: Type approval, extent/depth of testing to be performed and level of value-chain to be touched

• Human resource: Initially sufficient people will not be available to perform security tests. Steps to perform test and develop resources should be a concern

• Cost of testing: Cost of testing will lead to impact on market.• Responsibility of accidents: Vendors pay for the accidents due to

certified products? Security threats / attacks are maturing with time thus there should be consideration from long-term perspective

• Confidentiality and intellectual property: How can the testing “person” be certified? Also issue regarding escrow.


S&P Work Item

Following deliverables are expected:• Requirement analysis and proposals• (Framework) Complete security together with

terminology definitions and proposals• Policy study and proposals• Security architecture in mobile communication

systems: Comparison and proposals for India• Monitoring• Proposals for security testingPlanning to liaise with 3GPP and CCRA


Market Trend: Over-The-Top Services (OTT) and Cyber Attacks

Over-the-top services

NodeB

WLAN AP

X-CSCFHSS/AAA

RNC

PDG

MSC xGSN

eNodeB

H(e)NBGW

H(e)NB

MME S/PGW

Advertisement

1.OTT is the killer app Impact:

-Loss of profit source and no new source of profit

- Increase in CAPEX & OPEX

Market trend ： Moving towards services Mobile operator becoming part of “the

Internet” OTT services is the killer app Cyber attack is increasing

2.Cyber attacks is increasing Impact:

- Increase in CAPEX & OPEX- Dissatisfied customers


Security Considerations

Over-the-top services

NodeB

WLAN AP

X-CSCFHSS/AAA

RNC

PDG

MSC xGSN

eNodeB

H(e)NBGW

H(e)NB

MME S/PGW

1.Overloading of network (DoS / DDoS)

Overloading network with botnets, malware, home made terminals etc.

2.Finding network topology (privacy)3.Network element attacks4.Protocol attack5.Subscriber privacy issues6.Fraudulent charging

Analyzing network to find network topologyAttacking specific network elements

Protocol weaknesses used to perform attack

OAM attack, spoofing etc. used to get subscriber private data and cause fraudulent charging

Several attacks are possible on mobile network

Newer services bring new business opportunities and also threats

Complete system security consideration is necessary


Mobile Systems Security ComparisonGSM GPRS UMTS SAE/LTE

Security services CipheringUser authenticationEquivalent to wired

CipheringUser authentication

Ciphering & integrityMutual auth.

Ciphering & integrityMutual auth.

Authentication Authentication: 3 values UMTS-AKA: 5 values EPS-AKA: 5 values

Keys Derivation of a ciphering key after auth. Derivation of CK & IK Separate keys for each purpose

Key length Shared key 128 bits for authenticationDerived 64 bits out of which 54 used for ciphering

Shared key 128 bits for authenticationDerived 64 bits for ciphering

128 bits 128 bits

Key handling Changed on authentication Changed on each handover & more

Algorithm A5/1 / 2 /3; specification is confidential. A5/3 is based on Kasumi

GPRS Encryption Algorithm (GEA):GEA0, GEA1, GEA2 and GEA3

Kasumi from Rel. 4 SNOW 3G, AES and ZUC

Security end-point BTS SGSN RNC / SGSN eNB for UP & RRCMME for NAS

Network security None None initially MAPsec and IPsec IPsec


Designing Security

• Determine the assets• Determine the threats and risks to each asset set

security requirements• Design and implement

countermeasures for the threats and residual risks economical

• Monitor, manage and update the implementation

• Deter, detect and react against any attack


Common Criteria Testing

PP ST Documentation

Design Review

Code Review

Product Test

Certification

9 ~ 24 months


SecurityTest Lab

SecurityTest Lab

Accreditation & Certification

TEC/DOT & CCRA,3GPP

SecurityTest Lab

Vendors /Operators

1.Vendors/operators request security testing

0.Security test labs accredited by CCRA taking care of Indian needs as per TEC

2.Send security test results for certification

3.Result: Certified or not certified

4.Result: Certified or not certified

CCRA: Common Criteria Recognition ArrangementDOT: Department of TelecommunicationsTEC: Telecommunications Engineering Centres


Finally

• A balance need to be found between what is needed and what can be done regarding the Indian national security requirements– Should be acceptable to all, particularly operators

• Current national requirements have gaps• GISFI is working on several topics related to

security testing requirements• GISFI proposes Indian mobile operators to work

together on network security testing requirements

Documents

Overview and System Security to Security Testing