Overview and i l t ti f ITPGRFA implementation of ITPGRFA

in Lebanon.in Lebanon.

Lebanon is a small Lebanon is a small (( ))country (country (10 452 10 452 kmkm22), ),

located in the Near East located in the Near East Fertile region where Fertile region where domestication of species domestication of species ppstarted ten thousand started ten thousand years ago.years ago.

Lebanon Characterize by a Lebanon Characterize by a climatic diversity ranging climatic diversity ranging

from semifrom semi--arid to humid, that arid to humid, that allow for a large number of allow for a large number of

plant genetic resources to liveplant genetic resources to live

Cultivated area in 2007

Cereals25%

Others9% 25%Olives

21%

Vegetables15%Fruit treesFruit trees

30%

The main crops grown in Lebanon are olives, fruit trees and The main crops grown in Lebanon are olives, fruit trees and l h til h ti 2020% f th t t l lti t d% f th t t l lti t dcereals each representing over cereals each representing over 2020% of the total cultivated area % of the total cultivated area

in the country, followed by tubers and fruity vegetablesin the country, followed by tubers and fruity vegetables..

Loss in species number96 terrestrial species are listed as rare

Endemism in Lebanon: 843948 Species 2597 Species

t h bit t i

Mouterde (1966) Tohmeh (2007)

• to habitat conversion

•adoption of new varieties•adoption of new varieties

• land reclamation

• climate change

•overgrazing

International Treaty on l iPlant Genetic Resources

for Food and Agriculturegbased on the Law No. 559 dated 11/2/2004, Lebanon has signed and ratified the International Lebanon has signed and ratified the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for food and Agriculture

Objectives are:

C i d i bl fConservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and AgricultureAgriculture

•Equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of their use

Main obligations Main obligations in the ITPGRFA

According to the article 5.1,The contracting parties are obliged to promote appropriate parties are obliged to promote appropriate policy and legal measures :

C ti l ti ll ti •Conservation, exploration, collection, Characterization , Evaluation and documentation of plant genetic resources for documentation of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture.

•Sustainable use of plant genetic resources •Sustainable use of plant genetic resources

• Farmers' rights

•The Multilateral System for access and benefit-sharing

Implementation of The ITPGRFAImplementation of The ITPGRFA

LARILARI

MOA MOEUniversities

CNRS

Farmers NGOSNGOS

.

Activities Related to ITPGRFAto ITPGRFA

1- Ex situ conservation

Some PGRFA stored

in ICARDA

Th L b A i l l R h I i (LARI) i ll b i i h ICARDAThe Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute (LARI) in collaboration with ICARDA, collected more than 1969 accessions of wild wheat relatives and forage from Bekaaregion and conserved them in CGIAR (ICARDA) gene banks.

Species and number of accessions related to the Annex 1 of the treaty stored at CGIAR (ICARDA) genebanks.

Number of accessions

Species Crop

1 Vicia ervilia Faba Bean/Vetch 36 Vicia faba 1 Vicia hybrida 2 Vicia mollis

37 Vicia narbonensis 3Vicia palastina 3Vicia palastina3 Vicia peregrina 9 Vicia sativa 1 Vicia sp 1 Vicia villosa

104 Medicago sativa Medicago2Medicago scutellata 2Medicago scutellata

25 Medicago rigidula 71 Medicago truncatula 1 Trifolium alexandrinum Trifolium1 Trifolium arvense 3 Trifolium repens

19f l 19Trifolium resupinatum2 Dactylis glomerata Dactylis1 Onobrychis sp Onobrychis7 Zea Mays Maize2 Vigna unguiculata Cowpea et al

43 Triticum aestivum Triticum9 Triticum monococcum 4 Triticum secal

112 Triticum turgidum 16 Triticum urartu 9 Triticosecale sp. Triticale

360Sorghom bicolorSorghum 360Sorghom bicolorSorghum1 Solanum melongena Eggplant3 Pisum sativum Pea

84 Lens culinaris Lentil15 Lens ervoides 4 Lens orientalis

47Cicer arietinumChickpea 47Cicer arietinumChickpea1 Cicer pinnatifidum

52 Hordeum vulgare Barley1 Lathyrus gorgoni Grass pea 2 Lathyrus hierosolymitanus

1095 Total

LEBANESE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCHINSTITUTEPLANT BREEDING DEPARTMENT

Millennium Seed Bank Project

In Collaboration With

Royal Botanic Gardens-UK

Species related to the Annex 1 of the treaty stored at LARI genebanks (Tal amara)

Crop Species Number of species

Atriple At i l t l At i l ib t 2Atriplex Atriplex patula, Atriplex semibaccata 2

Beet Beta vulgaris 1

Brassica complex Barbarea plantaginea, Biscutella didyma, Brassica cretica, Brassica rapa, Crambe orientalis, Diplotaxis erucoides, Isatis lusitanica, Lepidium sativum, Lepidium spinosum, Raphanus pugioniformis, Raphanus

14

raphanistrum, Raphanus sativus, Sinapis alba, Sinapis arvensis Yams Dioscorea communis, Dioscorea orientalis 2

Faba Bean/Vetch Vicia canescens, Vicia cuspidate, Vicia palaestina, Vicia parviflora, Vicia sativa, Vicia tenuifolia

6

Lotus Lotus corniculatus, Lotus tenuis 2

Medicago Medicago astroites, Medicago sativa 2

Melilotus Melilotus albus 1

Trifolium Trifolium angustifolium, Trifolium arvense, Trifolium resupinatum 3

Agrostis Agrostis stolonifera 1Agrostis Agrostis stolonifera 1

Arrhenatherum Arrhenatherum elatius 1

Dactylis Dactylis glomerata 1

Festuca Festuca arundinacea 1

Lolium Lolium perenne 1

Phalaris Phalaris aquatica 1

Phleum Phleum pratense 1

Pearl Millet Pennisetum setaceum 1

Sorghum Sorghum halepense 1

Solanum Solanum alatum, Solanum nigrum 2

Total 44

More than 1500 wild accessions representing 972 species are stored both at LARI and RBG seed banks.

Fruit trees species conserved ex situ at LARI stations

Type of conserved Type of conserved varietiesvarieties

Number of varietiesNumber of varietiesSpeciesSpecies

L l i dL l i d3232OlOl Local accessions and Local accessions and advanced cultivarsadvanced cultivars

3232Olea europeaOlea europea

Local accessions and Local accessions and advanced cultivarsadvanced cultivars

4040Vitis viniferaVitis vinifera

Advanced and improved Advanced and improved cultivarscultivars

3232Prunus domesticaPrunus domestica

Advanced and improved Advanced and improved cultivarscultivars

2424Prunus armeniacaPrunus armeniaca

Advanced and improved Advanced and improved cultivarscultivars

2121Prunus aviumPrunus avium

Advanced and improved Advanced and improved cultivarscultivars

1717Prunus persicaPrunus persica

Advanced and improved Advanced and improved cultivarscultivars

1212Prunus dulcisPrunus dulcis

Local accessionsLocal accessions2828Ficus caricaFicus carica

Advanced and improved Advanced and improved cultivarscultivars

6969Citrus spCitrus sp

Traditional accessions and Traditional accessions and improved cultivarsimproved cultivars

3232Vitis vinifera Vitis vinifera

307307TotalTotal

Regarding fruit species, field gene banks were established at LARI

the Lebanese Agricultural Researchthe Lebanese Agricultural ResearchInstitute allocates some of its budget tofund programmes for the conservationsfund programmes for the conservationsof genetic resources.

A national seed bank will be establishedin the next couple of years underin the next couple of years undertechnical and scientific advice of RoyalBotanic gardensBotanic gardens

2- In situ conservation

Projects related to in jsitu conservation

•Strengthening of national capacity and grassroots in-situ conservation for sustainable biodiversity protection” (MoE/UNDP/GEF; 1996-2005) •Conservation of wetlands and coastal zones in the Mediterranean-•Conservation of wetlands and coastal zones in the Mediterranean-MedWetCoast” Project (MoE/UNDP/FFEM; 2002-2006)•Integrated management of cedar forests” Project (MoE/AUB/UNEP/GEF;2004-2007)(MoE/AUB/UNEP/GEF;2004 2007)•Stable institutional framework for protected areas management-SISPAM"Project (MoE, EC LIFE; 2004-2007) •Conservation and sustainable use of dryland Agrobiodiversity”Conservation and sustainable use of dryland Agrobiodiversity(LARI/UNDP/GEF; 1999-2005)•Sustainable use of natural resources Project (Private Initiatives/IBSAR;2004-2006)/ ; )•Wild edible plants: Promoting dietary diversity in poor communities of Lebanon” Project (IDRC/AUB; 2004-2006)•Mainstreaming biodiversity management into medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPS) (LARI/UNDP/GEF; 2008-2012)

Nature reserves in Lebanon (in-situ conservation)

Horsh Ehden: Law 121, 9/3/1992

Palm Island: Law 121, 9/3/1992

Shouf Cedars: Law 532, 24/7/1996

Tyre Coast: Law 708 5/11/1998Tyre Coast: Law 708, 5/11/1998

Bentael: Law 11, 20/2/1999

Yammouni: Law 10, 20/2/1999

Tannourine Cedars: Law 9 20/2/1999Tannourine Cedars: Law 9, 20/2/1999

Protected areas in Lebanon: 200Km2

The in situ conservation and management of genetic resources has increased in Lebanon over the recent years. This is reflected by an

increase in the number of protected areas spread across the countryincrease in the number of protected areas spread across the country. Seven natural reserves have been established between 1992 and 1999

through laws approved by the parliament.

3 Characterization of Plant3- Characterization of Plant Genetic ResourcesGenetic Resources

Morphological Characterization

Molecular Characterization

Shamouti 4

Shamouti Moro Sokkari 64 5 7 6

Ovoïde

Cl ifC éif Claviforme FusiformeSemi-deltoïde Cunéiforme

Morphological DiversityAbou sorra 3 Sokkari 6 of CITRUS SINENSIS

48 accessions8 access o s

6 t 0 266 groups at 0.26

Dendogram of 48 accessions of Cit sinensis b d 86Citrus sinensis based on 86 discriminant morphological traits

Ear shapeSpike colour

Diversity of salamouni Diversity of salamouni wheat variety

Spike density

Glume shape

Diversity of salamouniheat a iet

20/300 Lines

wheat variety

20/300 Lines

Dendogram of different lines of Salamouni wheat variety based on 24 discriminant morphological traitsvariety based on 24 discriminant morphological traits

Wild Almond

A .c om m un is It an it e

A . ko rsh in sk y i W a di fa a ra

A . c om m un is Z e gh r in e

A . c om m un is K o usay a 32

A . com m un is Ko usa ya 3 3

Va r . K ha ch a bi

A . ko rsh in sk y i A inat a

Va r . B a la di

Va r . H a la wan i do uble k er ne ls

Va r .M et wi

A . o r ien ta lis W a di K ah il

A . o rien ta lis W a di So ue id

A . o rien ta lis W a di Z a aro ur

A . o rien ta lis A in Sh aa b

A . o rien ta lis Ze ghr ine

A . o rien ta lis W a di t urkm an

A . spa rtio id e s Fe rz o l

C o effic ie n t0 .3 0 0 .3 6 0 .4 2 0 .4 8

Dendogram constructed from 16 single-locus SSR using SimGen program, g p g ,Jaccard distance, and UPGMA clustering

Vitis vinifera

A i Abi d G

47/48

Diversity of berry shape

Amarcani AbiadLoulhalou Aasiri Maksasi Ashlamish Abiad Khoudri Zaitouni Boulbouli Asouad Ashlamish Ahmar Souri Zahlaoui

Groupe I

G II

Souri ZahlaouiSouri Souri MhayyarOubaidiMariami Nari Moukh Al-BaghelNabiZeiny NihRins

Groupe II

Oubeidi: Round Samaani Abiad: Oblate Maghdoushi: Obtuse ovate Al-Mir: Obovate

RinsZagfzaghani Maghdoushi Amarcani Asouad Bzaz Al- Anzi Amarcani Souri Ainouni Asouad Baitamouni Asouad Houzairani B i i

Groupe III

BaitamouniKarn Al- Ghazal Gnoubi Gbaii Arasani Asali Al-Mir Maghdoushi MgaddadYafaoui Raha

Groupe IV

Baitamouni: Oblong Karn Al-Ghazal: Arched Baitamouni Asouad: Narrow elliptic Zaghzaghani: Elliptic

0 10 1

Misky Souri Asouad Bakhouri Tfaifihi AasmiSamaani AsouadBourjiAriSamaani Abiad

Groupe V

Groupe VI

Dendogram constructed from 9 morphological traits, using SimGen program Jaccard distance and UPGMA

0.10.1 Distance de Jaccard

program, Jaccard distance, and UPGMA clustering with 48 accessions.

Bi diBi di 11 Biadi mtawalBiadi mtawal Biadi hameriBiadi hameriBiadi Biadi 11 Biadi mtawalBiadi mtawal

Biadi sghirBiadi sghir Biadi Biadi 22 Biadi Biadi 99

MeskiMeski Aswad Aswad 1010Kaab ghazalKaab ghazal

Aswad Aswad 99 Aswad assaliAswad assali

Diversity fruit shape of fig

Aadlouni

37/62

Ficus carica

Jabali 2Hmayri Aswad 8 Aswad 11 Chatawi 5 Jeld-el-TawrAasfouri Bertati Aalayni Naaoussi 1 Bekrati 3 Aadlouni

Biadi 11Biadi 12 Biadi 2 Biadi 4 Biadi 5 Biadi 6 Biadi 7 Biadi 9 Biadi sghir Inbi Jabali 1 Jabali 2

AassaliSbaii 2 Sbaii 3 Sbaii 1 Chebli Aswad 14 Jammali Américan Bekrati 4 Biadi 10 Biadi 1 Biadi 11

Aswad 2French 1

Chatawi 3 Chatawi 4

Meski Soukari

Ahmar Aswad 6 Aswad 4 Chatawi 1 Arassi

I i l iAswad sghir Aswad 10 Aswad 12 Chatawi 6 Chatawi 2 Naaoussi 2 Bekrati 7 Bekrati 1 Biadi hameri Sidani Bekrati 2

0.10.10.1Iraqui 2 Iraqui 1Chatawi 8 Kaab ghazal Bekrati aswad Iraqui sultani

Dendogram constructed from 11 single-locus SSR, using g g gSimQual program, Jaccard distance and UPGMA clustering with the 62 fig clones

27/36Olea europea

Baladi1 Hermel Baladi2 Quana

Shami Koura Baladi1 Ain

Single Linkage

Baladi1 Ain Baladi1Aain Baal Baladi1Rmediyeh Roumani4 Quana

Dal1 Bakifa Baladi3 Quana

Baladi Roumani Deir Aamess Remmani3 Koura

Abou Chawkeh el-Fakeh Baladi Kbir1 Koura

Balah el-Labweh Baladi2 Nabi Chite

Roumani 1 Aitaroun Bisani2 Aitaroun

Baladi3 Koura Baladi6 Koura Aayrouni Shouf

Remmani7 KouraRemmani7 Koura Sabbighi Shouf Baladi10 Koura Baladi3 Shouf

Baladi5 el-Fakeh Baladi Mabroum1 Koura

Remmani1 Koura Baladi Jlot Lala Baladi1 Sheheen

Roumani7 Quana Baladi2 Hermel

Baladi2 Ain Bisani2 Bakifa

Kalbe el-Tair el-Labweh Baladi2 Rmediyeh

Baladi1 Janata

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.60.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6Euclidean Distances

Dendogram of 36 olive accessions based on 15 discriminant morphological traits

4-Seed multiplication

The Lebanese Agriculture Research Institute is conducting some development Institute is conducting some development activities such as:

•Production of quality seeds (mainly wheat) in order to provide treated and cleaned wheat seeds to the farmerscleaned wheat seeds to the farmers.

55-- In vitroIn vitro propagation propagation for the production of for the production of for the production of for the production of

certified materialcertified material

Sanitation by mersitem culture or thermotherapy thermotherapy

Micropropagation

Application for economically important crops:

- Stone fruits- Banana

S b- Strawberry- Potato- Caper and ornamentals

6-Notification to the Multilateral System

The Lebanese Agriculture Research Institute The Lebanese Agriculture Research Institute introduced 44 species for 19 crops listed in Annex 1 under the conditions of the Annex 1 under the conditions of the Standard Material Transfer Agreement of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture

Species related to the Annex 1 of the treaty stored at LARI genebanks (Tal amara)

Crop Species Number of species

Atriple At i l t l At i l ib t 2Atriplex Atriplex patula, Atriplex semibaccata 2

Beet Beta vulgaris 1

Brassica complex Barbarea plantaginea, Biscutella didyma, Brassica cretica, Brassica rapa, Crambe orientalis, Diplotaxis erucoides, Isatis lusitanica, Lepidium sativum, Lepidium spinosum, Raphanus pugioniformis, Raphanus

14

raphanistrum, Raphanus sativus, Sinapis alba, Sinapis arvensis Yams Dioscorea communis, Dioscorea orientalis 2

Faba Bean/Vetch Vicia canescens, Vicia cuspidate, Vicia palaestina, Vicia parviflora, Vicia sativa, Vicia tenuifolia

6

Lotus Lotus corniculatus, Lotus tenuis 2

Medicago Medicago astroites, Medicago sativa 2

Melilotus Melilotus albus 1

Trifolium Trifolium angustifolium, Trifolium arvense, Trifolium resupinatum 3

Agrostis Agrostis stolonifera 1Agrostis Agrostis stolonifera 1

Arrhenatherum Arrhenatherum elatius 1

Dactylis Dactylis glomerata 1

Festuca Festuca arundinacea 1

Lolium Lolium perenne 1

Phalaris Phalaris aquatica 1

Phleum Phleum pratense 1

Pearl Millet Pennisetum setaceum 1

Sorghum Sorghum halepense 1

Solanum Solanum alatum, Solanum nigrum 2

Total 44

44 species for 19 crops introduced under the SMTA

7 R7-Reports

•The Lebanese Agriculture Research Institute reported to the secretariat of the International reported to the secretariat of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture information related to the Multilateral gSystem of access and benefit-sharing of Lebanon (IT/GB-4/11/Inf.9 Appendix 5) (Chehade, 2010).

•The Ministry of Environment was prepared the third national report of Lebanon to the third national report of Lebanon to the convention on biological diversity (Jaradi et al, 2005). )

Lebanon has already prepared theLebanon has already prepared the second country report on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture,.Resources for Food and Agriculture,.

websitewww.pgrfa.orgwhich is available on

8-LegislationAccording to the Law No. 559 dated 11/2/2004 that allows the Lebanese government to join

the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for food and Agriculture, a draft law

On On the management of Plant genetic resources for

Food and Agriculture in LebanonFood and Agriculture in Lebanonis currently under preparation in order to be

issued by the parliament

The Lebanese Agriculture Research Institute that is a focal Point has made amendments on that is a focal Point has made amendments on the draft law in coordination with MOA, MOE, Universities and CNRS.

Model Law on The Management of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture

The Minister of Agriculture shall be responsible for the implement tion of thi L (A ti le5)

Genetic Resources for Food and AgricultureArab Organization for Agricultural Development

implementation of this Law (Article5)

The Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute shall be responsible for carrying out the functions assigned to the Authority under this Law carrying out the functions assigned to the Authority under this Law (Article 6)

A Plant Genetic Resources Committee will be established (Article 7)A Plant Genetic Resources Committee will be established (Article 7)

Conservation of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (Article 8)(Article 8)

Sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (Article 9)( )

Protection and promotion of farmers’ rights (Article 10)

Protection of farmers' plant varieties (Article 11)

Implementation of the Multilateral System (Article 12)

9 W k h 9-Workshops related To PGRFA

•Workshop on negotiating and discussion a Lebanese model law on the management of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture, held at the Lebanese Agriculture Research Institute, Rayak Tal amara ( 18 21/10/2009)Rayak Tal amara ( 18-21/10/2009).

Reducing Vulnerability to Climate Change in Agricultural SystemsChange in Agricultural Systems

Organized by LARI and held in Baalbeck (11-12/10/2010).

O f th i iti d ti id tifi d b thi One of the prioritized options identified by this workshop aimed to maintain the genetic diversity of the dominant wild species and local diversity of the dominant wild species and local varieties adapted to climatic change of Baalbeck region for wheat, barley, Prunus, fig and caper

National needsThe government of Lebanon should consider the plant genetic resources and their sustainable use as a national priority. In this regard, there is a need to:

•Provide financial support for training and strengthening i f t t (G B k)infrastructure (Gene Bank)•Scientific, technical and educational trainings aiming at technology transfer

•Define the genetic resources found in Lebanon and its location

Raise awareness for farmers and consumers using common .Raise awareness for farmers and consumers using common languages and vulgarized information

•Promote the function of the plant genetic resources committee •Promote the function of the plant genetic resources committee to finalize the Lebanese model law on the management of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture in order to be issued by the parliament by the parliament