Overview and comparison of gate level quantum software ... · 1 Introduction and Outline arXiv:1807.02500 Survey/review of quantum software in the era of cloud quantum computing

Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and EngineeringDepartment of Physics and Astronomy

Michigan State University

Overview and comparison of gate levelquantum software platforms

arXiv:1807.02500

Ryan [email protected]

@ryanmlarose

APS March Meeting 2019

1

Introduction and Outline

arXiv:1807.02500

Survey/review of quantum software in the era of cloudquantum computing.

Outline of talk

A brief history of quantum computer programming

Why care about quantum software?

The software platforms

Ryan LaRose | Overview and comparison of gate level quantum software platforms

https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.02500

2

History of quantum computer programmingTimeline

1985 Quantum Turing Machine,

Deustch

1996

QRAM,pseudocodeconventions,

Knill

Foundational Ideas

“The existence of auniversal quantum computerimplies that there exists

a program for eachphysical process.”


3



Deustch

1996


Knill

Foundational Ideas Pseudocdoe for EPR experiment

“Quantum computers raiseinteresting problems for the

design of programming languages,which I shall not go into here.”


4



Deustch

1996


Knill

Foundational Ideas


5



Deustch

1998 QCL, Omer

1996


Knill

Foundational Ideas First Generation Languages

2003

1st international conferenceon quantum programming

2001 Q,

Betelli et al.

2000

qGCL, Zuliani

2004 QPL,

Selinger

2006

First review papers

QCL language example QPL language example


6



Deustch

1998 QCL, Omer

1996


Knill

Foundational Ideas First Generation Languages

Quipper2013

2012

ScaffoldQuTiP

2003


2001 Q,

Betelli et al.

2000

qGCL, Zuliani

Second Generation Languages

2004 QPL,

Selinger

2006

First review papers


7



Deustch

1998 QCL, Omer

1996


Knill

Cloud Quantum ComputingFoundational Ideas First Generation Languages

2016

IBM Q 2019

QOSF @ FOSDEM MOOCs, Courses

2017

Qiskit Forest ProjectQ

Quipper2013

2012

ScaffoldQuTiP

2003


1st textbook

2018 2001

QDK Cirq

Q, Betelli et al.

2000

qGCL, Zuliani

Textbooks


2004 QPL,

Selinger

2006

First review papers

This paper

ForestQiskit

ProjectQQDKCirq

+ many more languages and simulators


7



Deustch

1998 QCL, Omer

1996


Knill


2016

IBM Q 2019


2017


Quipper2013

2012

ScaffoldQuTiP

2003


1st textbook

2018 2001

QDK Cirq

Q, Betelli et al.

2000

qGCL, Zuliani

Textbooks


2004 QPL,

Selinger

2006

First review papers

This paper

ForestQiskit

ProjectQQDKCirq

+ many more languages and simulators


8



Deustch

1998 QCL, Omer

1996


Knill


2016

IBM Q 2019


2017


Quipper2013

2012

ScaffoldQuTiP

2003


1st textbook

2018 2001

QDK Cirq

Q, Betelli et al.

2000

qGCL, Zuliani

Textbooks


2004 QPL,

Selinger

2006

First review papers

This paper


9



Deustch

1998 QCL, Omer

1996


Knill


2016

IBM Q 2019


2017


Quipper2013

2012

ScaffoldQuTiP

2003


1st textbook

Focus session atAPS March

2018 2001

QDK Cirq

Q, Betelli et al.

2000

qGCL, Zuliani

Textbooks


2004 QPL,

Selinger

2006

First review papers

This paper


10

Why care about programming?The software stack

Algorithms and Applications

Hardware

“Don’t you just do Python?”


11



Hardware

Quantum programming language

Compilation

Qubit Routing

Optimization

Physical Gates


There’s more to it than that!


12



Hardware


Compilation

Qubit Routing

Optimization

Physical Gates

Simulator

Noisy Noiseless

Data I/O

Variationalparameters



Virtues of quantum programming:

I End-to-end quantum algorithms.I Honest quantum computing.I Pedagogy.I Excitement.I Practical quantum computing.


12



Hardware


Compilation

Qubit Routing

Optimization

Physical Gates

Simulator

Noisy Noiseless

Data I/O

Variationalparameters



Virtues of quantum programming:

I End-to-end quantum algorithms.I Honest quantum computing.I Pedagogy.I Excitement.I Practical quantum computing.


13

ForestThe software platforms

Institution RigettiFirst Release v0.0.2 on Jan 15, 2017

Open Source? 3

OS Mac, Windows, LinuxClassical Host Language PythonQuantum Programming

Language pyQuil

Quantum Language Quil

Language syntax Quantum Cloud Services


https://www.rigetti.com/

http://pyquil.readthedocs.io/en/latest/compiler.html

14

ForestThe software platforms

Institution RigettiFirst Release v0.0.2 on Jan 15, 2017

Open Source? 3


Language pyQuil

Quantum Language Quil

Strengths

I Data I/OI defgate

I CompilerI Dedicated time schedulingI Documentation +

Examples (Grove)

Quantum hardware: Aspen

I Can select qubit subsets.I ≈ $1 per qubit per minute in credits


https://www.rigetti.com/

http://pyquil.readthedocs.io/en/latest/compiler.html

15

QiskitThe software platforms

Institution IBMFirst Release v0.1 on March 7, 2017

Open Source? 3

OS Mac, Windows, LinuxClassical Host Language Python, JavaScript, SwiftQuantum Programming

Language Qiskit

Quantum Language OpenQASM

Language syntax Quantum hardware: Melbourne

I Always available (queue).I Always available to everyone

(queue).


https://quantumexperience.ng.bluemix.net/qx

https://github.com/Qiskit/openqasm

16

CirqThe software platforms

Institution Google AI QuantumFirst Release v0.1 on April 17, 2018

Open Source? 3


Language Cirq

Quantum Language —

Language syntax

Quantum hardware: Foxtail


https://quantumexperience.ng.bluemix.net/qx

17

Benchmarking and ComparisonsThe software platforms

Simulator performanceProjectQ

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27Number of Qubits

5

10

15

20

25

30

Circ

uit D

epth

0.058 0.183 0.154 0.299 0.675 1.467 2.945 6.295 12.60 26.25 53.12 116.8

0.101 0.144 0.344 0.595 1.119 2.409 4.909 10.20 20.98 44.42 90.07 204.4

0.134 0.214 0.321 0.705 1.440 3.118 6.931 13.33 29.66 58.01 130.5 272.9

0.179 0.266 0.452 0.896 2.033 4.313 8.959 18.41 39.53 80.64 170.5 504.1

0.223 0.416 0.643 1.179 2.540 5.247 10.74 22.71 48.58 96.83 206.6 425.8

0.263 0.397 0.655 1.314 2.923 6.437 13.48 26.44 59.55 117.6 248.2 496.3

ProjectQ Simulator Performance

Qiskit

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25Number of Qubits

5

10

15

20

25

30

Circ

uit D

epth

0.262 0.416 0.689 1.315 2.733 5.402 10.46 20.81 41.91 106.0

0.283 0.460 0.766 1.520 2.955 5.892 12.05 24.37 49.75 189.1

0.344 0.471 0.816 1.604 3.443 7.016 14.22 29.05 60.52 136.0

0.415 0.504 0.844 1.641 3.684 7.656 16.20 32.85 65.65 160.1

0.402 0.559 0.968 1.793 4.105 8.701 18.25 37.43 76.45 178.0

0.436 0.599 1.004 1.891 4.467 9.414 19.95 41.71 84.42 188.2

QISKit Local State Vector Simulator Performance

Cirq

Library Support


18

Closing Remarks

Quantum software desiderataI Some standard conventions.

I rx vs Rx vs RX vs RotXGateI Standarized benchmarking.

I Compilers.I Simulators.

I Debugging.

I Forest: Great for variationalalgorithms.

I Qiskit: Strong community, emphasisacross full stack (Ignis to Aqua).

I Cirq: Natural to use, great features forcircuit optimization.

I ProjectQ: High performancesimulator.

I QDK: High-level, ease ofprogramming.


19

Higher level librariesNISQAI and Developers

<NISQ|AI>Supported by the Unitary Fund.

NISQAI is a library being developed for artificial intelligence/machinelearning applications on near-term quantum computers.

https://github.com/quantumai-lib/nisqai

Ryan LaRose,

MSU.

Yousif Almulla,

Oxford.

Nic Ezzell,

MSSTATE.

Arkin Tikku,

Imperial.


http://unitary.fund/


20

Higher level librariesNISQAI and Developers

<NISQ|AI>Supported by the Unitary Fund.

NISQAI is a library being developed for artificial intelligence/machinelearning applications on near-term quantum computers.



http://unitary.fund/


Thank you for your attention.Questions?

These slides are available at https://www.ryanlarose.com

https://www.ryanlarose.com/

Documents

Overview and comparison of gate level quantum software ... · 1 Introduction and Outline arXiv:1807.02500 Survey/review of quantum software in the era of cloud quantum computing