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Pennsylvania Watersheds
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Overview83,000 Miles of river and streams4,000 lakes, reservoirs, and ponds
Pennsylvania Watersheds
What is a watershed?An area of land where all the surface area
and ground water drain to the same location. Even though appropriate habitat may be
present for aquatic species they may not be found in particular habitats because they simply do not live in that watershed
What makes a fish a fish?Ectothermic- regulate body temperature with
the outside temperature :aka: cold bloodedMost have bony backbone and skeleton and
are in the class OsteichthyesSome have a skeleton made of cartilage ie.
Sharks, lampreyFinsOxygen which is dissolved in the water is
breathed through gillsGills allow the release of waste gasses as well
Fish BiologySkin is protected and lubricated with mucous
glandsMost are covered in scales or boney platesExceptions: Catfish and Bullheads2 Chambered HeartNo EyelidsMost fish reproduce by laying eggs in the
water
Fish SpeciesIn Pennsylvania 160 species and 24 families
External Anatomy of the FishA fish’s external anatomy, suit it to its habitat
and feeding methods. Definite head portionLonger, wider, body sectionNarrow to the tailFlat cheek area behind the eye and a gill
cover called a operculum
Soft Rayed Fish Fins
Spiney- Rayed Fish
Fins and RaysFins are made up of rays Rays may be soft or spinySoft rayed fish typically have smooth scalesSpiny rayed fish typically have scales with
small teeth which make them feel rough
Internal AnatomyMost have an internal air filled sac called an
air bladderHelps the fish maintain its water position and
provide it with neutral buoyancyHelps to intensify sound, thus aids in hearing
GillsTake in oxygen and release waste gassesConsist of blood filled filaments with lamelleLamelle are covered with a single layer of cells
and have a large network of blood vessels. This is where the gas exchange takes place
Fish open their mouth and gill cover to allow water to pass over the gills
One way trip no breathing in and outCold water= more oxygen dissolved= more
oxygen
Fish MovementFins are fine adjustment, steering, stoppingMuscles are what propels the fish through
the waterFish push against the water side to sideFish with air bladders move easiest up and
downFish without air bladders have to dart place
to place along the bottom