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Overview. DyRAM : a new approach Simulation results Conclusion and perspectives. Motivations. Router’s caching means are limited. Routers have to support many sessions in parallel. Question : How the memory usage can be reduced ? Answer : - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Overview
DyRAM : a new approach Simulation results Conclusion and perspectives
Motivations
Router’s caching means are limited. Routers have to support many sessions
in parallel. Question :
How the memory usage can be reduced ?
Answer :Perform local recoveries from the receivers instead of the routers
Related works on local recovery
SRM any receiver in the neighborhood
RMTP, TMTP, LMS, PGM a designated receiver
LBRM a logging server
DRARM main caracteristics
Based on a tree structure constructed on a per-packet basis.
Receiver-based: use of NACKs. Receivers perform local recoveries. Routers play an active role. More efficient replier election Load balancing features Low-overhead active services
DyRAM : routers contribution
My name is ACTIVE ROUTER
and I can doNACK SUPPRESSION
SUBCASTINGDYNAMIC REPLIER
ELECTION
DyRAM: Replier election
data
datadata
datadata
data
NACK
NACKNACKda
ta
data
The replier is elected on a per-packet basis.
Routers’ soft state
The NACK State (NS) structure which maintains for each received NACK,
seq : the sequence number of the requested packet.
time : the reception time of the last valid similar NACK.
subList : List of the links from which similar NACKs arrived.
Routers’ soft state (cont.)
The Track List (TL) structure which maintains for each multicast session,
lastOrdered : the sequence number of the last received packet in order
lastReceived : the sequence number of the last received data packet
lostList : list of not received data packets in between.
Reduces the replier election delay.
DyRAM main algorithms
NACK packet service Data packet service The DTD timer handler
The NACK packet service
If (processed) then check if validupdate the corresponding NS accordingly
else // not processedcreate a new NS
If (valid) then init (DTD timer)else drop this NACK
The data packet (DP) service
update the TL of the sessionIf DP is a repair then
look for the corresponding NS structuresend the DP through links in NS.subListfree NS
else simply forward the DP on all the downstream links
The DTD expiration handler
forward the NACK on link i downstream where i=(last+1)%B
with i not in NS.subList and last is the previous replier link
Last = i
Overview
DyRAM : a new approach Simulation results Conclusion and perspectives
Simulation Results
Network model and used metrics Local recovery from the receivers DyRAM vs. ARM DyRAM combined with cache at
routers
Network model
Metrics
Load at the source : the number of the retransmissions from the source.
Load at the network : the consumed bandwidth.
Completion time per packet (latency).
Local recovery from the receivers
Local recovery reduces the load at the source, the consumed BW and the recovery delay (especially for high loss rates and a large number of the receivers).
Local recovery from the receivers (cont.)
As the groups size increases, the recovery from the receivers is more and more beneficial.
DyRAM vs ARM
ARM performs better than DyRAM only for very low loss rates with considerable caching requirements
DyRAM combined with cache at the routers
When DyRAM benefits from the cache at the routers in addition to the recovery from the receivers, it always performs better than ARM.
Overview
DyRAM : a new approach Simulation results Conclusion and perspectives
Conclusion
DyRAM achieves local recovery by enabling the recovery from the receivers.
Unlike ARM, DyRAM avoids overloading the routers by caching data packets.
However, DyRAM achieves better performances than ARM in various scenarii.
DyRAM provides some load-balancing facilities.
Perspectives
DyRAM will be implemented and tested
on an active network testbed. To be considered :
NACK reverse-path requirements the DTD timer setting topology limitations optimization of the election process