Overview

• PE is Disease Prevention

• PE is Academic

• High Quality PE

• Outlook for the Future

Benefits of Physical Activity

• Reduces risk for heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and some cancers

• Helps control weight

• Strengthens bones and muscles

• Improves mental health and mood

• Increases chances of living longer

Source: HHS. Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Report;2008

Percentage of U.S. Children and Adolescents Who Were Obese, 1963-2008*

4.6

4.2

19.6

18.1

**

*>95th percentile for BMI by age and sex based on 2000 CDC BMI-for-age growth charts. **1963-1970 data are from 1963-1965 for children 6-11 years of age and from 1966-1970 for adolescents 12-17 years of age.CDC, National Center for Health Statistics

Ages 6-11 Ages 12-19

Consequences of Obesity in Children

Freedman DS et al. JPediatr 2007;150(1):12-17

26% 13%

% of children, aged 5-17, with 1 or more risk factors for heart disease:

% of children, aged 5-17, with 2 or more risk factors for heart disease:

Consequences of Obesity in Children

26% 13%

% of children, aged 5-17, with 1 or more risk factors for heart disease:

% of children, aged 5-17, with 2 or more risk factors for heart disease:

obese

70%

obese

39%

Freedman DS et al. JPediatr 2007;150(1):12-17

will develop Diabetes during lifetime

U. S. Children Born in 2000

Narayan KMV et al. Lifetime risk for diabetes mellitus in the United States. JAMA. 2003;290:1884

1 in 3

Economic Costs Associated with Obesity are High

• Direct health care costs of obesity and overweight:

– 1998: $74 billion

– 2008: $147 billion

• ½ of costs publicly financed by Medicare or Medicaid

• Obesity accounts for 9.1% of annual medical spending

Finkelstein EA et al. Annual medical spending attributable to obesity: payer and service-specific estimates. Health Affairs 2009;28

• 60 or more minutes of physical activity daily, most of which should be aerobic

• At least 3 days per week of:

Vigorous-intensity physical activity

Muscle-strengthening physical activity

Bone-strengthening physical activity

Physical activities should be age appropriate, be enjoyable, and offer variety

www.health.gov/paguidelines

Guidelines for Youth

Percentage of High School Students Who:

• Are physically active at least 60 minutes per day on all 7 days: 18%

• Do not participate in at least 60 minutes of physical activity on any day: 23%

• Do not attend PE classes: 44%

Source: CDC, National Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2009

A Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program

• High quality physical education as its foundation

• Elementary school: Daily recess period

• Physical activity throughout the school day

• Extra-curricular physical activity programs

− Inclusive, intramural programs and physical activity clubs

− High school: Interscholastic athletics

• Walk/bike to school program (“safe routes”)

• Staff wellness program

Enhanced School PE is Strongly Recommended

• Enhanced PE: modified curricula and policies designed to make PE classes longer or have students be more active during class

• All PE studies reviewed (n = 14):– Increased time and intensity of PA

during PE– Improved physical fitness– Effective across diverse racial,

ethnic, and socioeconomic groups in urban and rural settings

www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/health_ and_academics/pdf/pa-pe_paper.pdf

Physical Activity Contexts

• Physical education

• Recess

• Classroom-based

• Extracurricular

Academic Outcomes

• Achievement (grades, test scores)

• Behavior (time on-task, attendance, conduct)

• Cognitive skills and attitudes (concentration, memory, mood)

http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/health_and_academics/pdf/pa-

pe_paper.pdf

• # studies analyzed: 50

• # associations between school-based physical activity programs and academic achievement: 251

• % associations positive: 50.5%

• % associations negative: 1.5%

• % with no association: 48.0%

www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth

• Increasing or maintaining time for PE does not appear to adversely impact academic performance

• Substantial evidence that school-based physical activity can:

−help improve academic achievement (including grades and standardized test scores)

−have a positive impact on cognitive skills and academic behaviors

Health is Academic Because…

• School health programs can help improve students’ educational outcomes

• Helping young people stay healthy is a fundamental part of the mission of our schools

“Give about two [hours], every day to exercise; for health must not be sacrificed to learning. A strong body makes the mind strong.”

Thomas Jefferson

“We know what the Greeks knew: that intelligence and skill can only function at the peak of their capacity when the body is healthy and strong, and that hardy spirits and tough minds usually inhabit sound bodies.”

John F. Kennedy

“The more we instill in our children early in life these [physical activity] habits that will last them a lifetime, the better they're going to do. And so we'll try to do what we can to expand those opportunities before school, during the school day, after school.…this is going to help a lot academically…This doesn't take away from our core mission. This is central to that core mission.” Arne Duncan

U.S. Secretary of Education

“Health and success in school are interrelated. Schools cannot achieve their primary mission of education if students and staff are not healthy and fit physically, mentally, and socially.”

National Association of State Boards of Education

“No educational tool is more essential than

good health…Policies and practices that

address the health and developmental needs

of young people must be included in any

comprehensive strategy for improving

academic performance.”

Council of Chief State School Officers

High Quality Physical Education

• Based on national standards

• Emphasizes lifetime physical activity

• Meets the needs of all students

• Keeps students active most of class time

• Is enjoyable

High Quality Physical Education Requires

• Adequate time (150 min/week for elementary; 225 min/week for secondary)

• Highly qualified teachers

• Adequate facilities and supplies

• Reasonable class sizes

• A written curriculum

• Student assessment

School PE Practices

• Only 4% of ES, 8% of MS, and 2% of HS provided daily PE or its equivalent for entire school year for all students1

• 31% of ES, 16% of MS, and 5% of HS did not require students to take any physical education1

• 19% of 3rd grade students were offered at least 150 minutes of weekly PE2

1. CDC, School Health Policies and Programs Study, 2006

2. Bridging the Gap, data for 2007-2008 school year

Physical Education in Urban Schools

• Urban schools are less likely to have access to a gym and must resort to using classrooms, parking lots, and other sites for PE more often than rural and suburban schools.

• Urban school districts are less likely to provide or fund professional development for PE teachers.

Source: CDC DASH’s School Health Policies and Practices Study (SHPPS) 2006; unpublished data.

Barriers to High Quality PE

• Insufficient time

• Inadequate facilities, equipment, and supplies; large class sizes

• Poor quality curricula or no curricula

• Use of teachers not certified to teach PE or insufficiently trained in high quality instructional techniques

• Lack of quality professional development for PE teachers

• Lack of support from administrators

• Lack of accountability measures

Policies to Support High Quality PE

• Increase time for PE

• Limit PE class size

• Support use of curricula based on PE standards and evidence-based PE programs

• Have all classes taught by certified PE teachers and fund ongoing professional development

• Implement student assessment for PE

Some Reasons for Optimism

• Growing evidence of impact of physical activity on health and of PE on academic achievement

• Examples of stellar PE programs

• National leadership

• Support from other key sectors of society

Recommendations include:

• Local wellness policies should include strong physical activity components, on par with nutrition components.

• State and local education agencies should require increased quality and frequency of sequential, age- and developmentally-appropriate physical education for all students, taught by certified teachers.

Opinions of U.S. Adults About School Health Programs

• 65% of U.S. adults believe schools should play a major role in fighting the obesity problem1

• 81% of parents of children in K—12 want their kids to receive daily physical education2

1. Survey by Lake Snell Perry and Associates for Harvard Univ., based on interviews with a nationally representative sample of 1,002 adults, May-June 20032. Survey by Opinion Research Corp. based on interviews with a nationally representative sample of 1,017 adults, February 2000 (margin of error = +6%)

Weight Issues Plague the Military

• The Department of Defense estimates as many as 1/3 of military-age youth are ineligible for service because of their weight.2

• In 2007, approximately 15,000 military recruits failed the entrance physical exam because of weight/body fat limits; this was the most common reason for medical disqualification among applicants for active duty enlisted service.3-4

1. Mission Readiness press release , Feb 9, 2010 2.Hsu et al. J Adolesc Health. 2007 3. AMSARA Annual Report 2008. 4. Reading, Willing , and Unable to Serve, 2010.

Obesity: A National Security Threat

“Obesity rates threaten the overall health of

America and the future strength of our military.

We must act, as we did after World War II, to

ensure that our children can one day defend our

country, if need be.”

Source: The Washington Post, April 30, 2010

Retired U.S. Army Gens. John M. Shalikashvili and Hugh Shelton

Keys to Success

• Laws and regulations

• Reference materials

• Develop partners and a team approach

• Tell the stakeholders about our successes

Keys to Success

• Marketing techniques

• Data collection

• Developing quality first

• Refuse to accept the status quo

The Single Most Consistent and Important Key to Success:

The Local Change Agent

CDE Comprehensive Health and Physical Education Standards

Terry JonesColorado Department of Education—Senior

Consultant for Health And Physical Educationjones_t@cde.state.co.us(303)866-6835 Office(303)416-0107 Mobile

Senate Bill SB10-191

1. LEAP framework and observations2. Performance tasks and cognitive

assessments (non-tested subjects)3. Instruction and materials aligned to

new standards4. Progress reporting aligned to new

standards

Health Agenda 2015

SOFIT observationsPHYSICAL EDUCATION

2a. Emphasize the importance of scheduled physical education and recess.

2b. Ensure that all students are moderately to vigorously active at least 50 percent of the time in physical education classes.

SOFIT observations

Senate Bill SB11-1069

The Value of Physical ActivityPhysically active students are more likely to:

• Perform better in the classroom and on standardized tests

• Have higher attendance and motivation to learn• Have fewer behavioral and disciplinary problems both

inside and outside the classroom• Have better physical and mental health• Have enhanced memory and executive brain functions

We Love Physical Education