OUTSTANDING PEOPLE

OF THE 20TH CENTURY

1999

International Biographical Centre

Cambridge, England

FOREWORD BY THE PUBLISHER

It is my great pleasure to publish Outstanding People of the 20th Century to celebrate the approach of the new Millennium. It is a work that has taken a considerable amount of time to research and produce and my thanks, along with those of my associates, are offered to the many learned societies and other organisations for recommending selected members for biographical inclusion. All such recommendations are carefully researched and questionnaires are sent to those who clear the final hurdle. Once again, I must emphasise that there is no charge or fee for entry in Outstanding People of the 20th Century nor is there any obligation to purchase a copy. All entries have been checked most carefully by our own editors then submitted in proof form to the entrants for checking. However, in spite of this careful double checking, it is always possible that an occasional error may have occurred. If this has been the case, I offer my apologies in advance.

Outstanding People of the 20th Century is specially dedicated to a select few from all parts of the world. They are singled out for this honour by my senior editors and myself. A special feature on each one appears in the Dedication Section and in alphabetical order they are:

Professor Adetunji Ademuyiwa Adeyokunnu Dr Lawrence Jan Frateschi, PhD Professor Louis Marie Pierre Allain, Dr Alexander Gunther Friedrich LFIBA Dr Toru Funahashi, MD, DDG, LPIBA Efstathios Constantinos Arnis Dr Angelo Graziolo, LFIBA Professor Alexander Balankin, FIBA Dr Akihito Hagihara, DMSc, MPH Dr James Daniel Barger, DDG, MOIF Professor He Xuntian The Honourable Dr Jack Gordon Beale, AO, JP, Dr Mahmoud Hijazy, PhD ME, Hon DSc, Hon LLD, DDG, Dr Ali Abbass Hussain Saleh, PhD, LFIBA LFIBA Professor Dr Mircea Gheorghe Ifrim, MD, Professor Alexander D Bruno, PhD PhD, FIBA, DDG, IOM Clinton Ross Burnette, LFIBA, DDG, Professor Dr Kazuyosi Ikeda, DSc, DLitt, FWLA DDG, IOM, LFWLA, LPIBA, MOIF Roberto Calderón-Sánchez, PE Professor Peter Uche Isichei, MD, DDG, Lurdes Camacho, FIBA FIBA, MOIF The Most Reverend Honourable Samuel Professor Shinji Itoh, MD, PhD, FIBA, IOM Emmanuel Carter, SJ, OJ, CD Dr Thor Edward Jakobsson, PhD, FIBA Dr Ka Ching Chan, PhD His Excellency Colonel Doctor Alhaji Yahya A J Fai Chut Cheng, DDG, LFIBA, MOIF J Jammeh Dr Chiao-Liang Juliana Ching, MD, DDG, Reverend Dr Andrew Jenkins

IOM, LPIBA, MOIF Dr Per Jespersen, PhD Dr Pesus Chou, DPhil Dr Christine Marie Kennefick, PhD, LFIBA Dr Vsevolod Petrovich Chumenkov, PhD Reverend Young-Kyu Kim, ThD Dorothy June Calvo Flores Cruz, FIBA Professor Eliezer Isaak Klainman, MD Professor Leon Ghiorghe Danaila, PhD Dr Edvard Kobal, DDG Dr Johanna Dobereiner Professor Dr Edgar Krau, PhD Dr Stephen E Draper, PhD, PE Professor Dr Ryszard Jozef Kucha, LFIBA Dr June B Ellis, PhD, DDG Dr Vernette Trosper Landers, DDG, LFWLA, Memduh Erdal LPIBA, MOIF, IOM Dr Kjerstin Elisabeth Ericsson, PhD Dr Dale Pierre Layman, PhD, DG, DDG, FABI, Dr Myron Wyn Evans, PhD, DSc, FABI, LPIBA, MOIF, IOM LFIBA Dr Miriam Lemanska, DSc, FIBA

Dr Dr Rong Remi Fang, PhD Zhongying Li, DDG Nancy Grace Augusta Forward Professor Valentin N Lukanin, LFIBA Professor Michael H J Maes, PhD Dr Justinas Rimas Lee McCoy, DDG, MOIF Dr John Rosenknop, DSc John Allen Mehaffey Dr Holem Mansour Saliba, PhD Dr Yoshitsugu Miki, MD, DDG, LFIBA Professor Ya-Ching Shen, PhD Kenneth Andrew Mintz Dr Dong-Keun Shin Dr Eva Mae Nash-Isaac, PhD Professor Niki Stella Sideridou, MOIF Professor Alexander Ilyich Nesterov, FIBA Albert L Simms Dr Eunice Norton Dr Genovaite Sniraite Stulpiniene, FIBA Professor Masahiro Oka, DDG, FIBA Professor Dr Der-Ruenn Su, PhD, DSc (Hon), Antonia Camacho Okawa DPhil (Hon), FIBA Dr Henry Ostrowski-Meissner, PhD Kerry Sutton, FIBA Dr Clarence Henry Ott, PhD, CPA, CMA Dr Masaki Tan, MD Eugene Thomas Ouzts, LFIBA Dr Ismail Hakki Olcay Unver, FIBA Dr K N T Lakmal Peiris, MD, LFIBA Clive Thomas Walker, PhD Dr Jose Ulysses Peixoto Neto Richard LeRoy Welch, LFIBA Dr Wladyslaw Radzikowski Professor Li Qing Yang Dr Muhammad Abdur Rahman, PhD Dr Gili Yen, PhD Mubarik Ahmed Rajpoot Dr Junichi Yoshida, MD, MS, FACS HE The Honourable Professor Dr Hermann Watson Toshinori Yoshimoto, IOM, LFIBA, Rudolf Rauh, MA, CPhys, FInstP, MOIF FIM, OIA Professor Masataka Yoshimura, DEng Dr Zia Razzaq, DSc Zheqin Zhu

Nicholas S Law Publisher International Biographical Centre Cambridge CB2 3QP England September 1999

OUTSTANDING PEOPLE OF THE 20TH CENTURY

HE THE HONOURABLE PROFESSOR DR HERMANN RUDOLF RAUH,

MA, CPhys, FInstP, FIM, OIA

For your Outstanding Contribution to Physics and Materials Science

OUTSTANDING PEOPLE OF THE 20TH CENTURY

HE THE HONOURABLE PROFESSOR DR HERMANN RUDOLF RAUH, MA, CPhys, FInstP, FIM, OIA Hermann Rauh was born in Metzingen on 8 March 1946. He grew up in Rottenburg-upon-Neckar, however, where he attended primary and grammar school. It is the Swabian culture of this historic little town, so splendidly characterized in the works of the poeta laureatus, Sebastian Blau, to which, without doubt, he owes part of his mentality. Hermann’s father Max handed down to him a disposition to rational analysis and early on encouraged a distinct interest in the natural sciences and their applications that was to determine his future course. His mother Katharina gave him the faculty for intuitive grasp and a marked linguistic bent, discernible in his oral and written accounts, which excel through clarity and intelligibility. Inherited from both parents, and even more prominent perhaps, are his artistic inclinations; these received particular support from the professional band musician, Walter Schöpe, who was at the heart of regular concert events in the Rauh family home. Hermann’s violin and piano playing at that time, witnessed also in public appearances, was described as manifestation of an extraordinary musical talent, with perfect pitch and stupendous technique. After his father’s premature death in 1962, Alfred Teufel, an honorary senator and distant relative, stood by his mother and took care of him, reinforcing his academic aspirations, while Richard Norz, a fatherly friend, acquainted him with life and ethos of the great scientists of the past. Already developed then were his open mind and tremendous thirst for knowledge, his enthusiasm and ingenuity, his dedication to a subject and its mastery, his seriousness and thoroughness, but also his sense of humour and his ability to marvel and to praise. In 1965 Rauh entered the University of Tübingen to read physics, maths and chemistry. He felt particularly attracted to the lectures of Friedrich Lenz, which revealed to him the capacity of mathematical methods for providing quantitative solutions of physical real-world tasks. A theorist, impressed too by his friend Heinz Raidt’s experimental activities, he eventually resolved to devote himself to applied research. In his thesis on point cathode electron guns, he introduced a powerful numerical approach, which made it possible to compute adequately, for the first time, the extremely complex electric field associated with devices of this kind. Proven a key tool for electron optical investigations and widely employed meanwhile, it opened up entirely new vistas of science and technology. Rauh’s fascination with solid state physics had already grown considerably when, after his graduation in 1971, he was offered work as an Associate in Alfred Seeger’s department at the Max Planck Institute for Metals Research. This enabled him to gain insight into topics and techniques of a profound and lasting influence on his scientific aims. In a pioneering dissertation, for which he received his doctorate from the University of Stuttgart in 1975, he addressed the intricate problem of estimating theoretically the contribution of dislocations to the electrical resistivity of copper, and thereby laid the ground for numerous forthcoming studies on crystal defects and transport phenomena. The decision in 1976 to accept an Assistant Professorship at the newly-founded University of Osnabrück meant a chance for continuing his own research and a direct responsibility for lecturing, but also an intense participation in development work. It was there that Rauh met Sigrid Löbker, a fine and thoughtful music pedagogue. They married in 1980. Sigrid is now a caring mother of their fabulous daughters, Anne-Kathrin and Christine, who show great promise on the violin and cello respectively, both as chamber players and as soloists: Anne-Kathrin, in a much-acclaimed recital given at 16, featured a sparkling performance of Bériot’s scène de ballet; Christine won a spellbound audience’s hearts with a mature rendition of Saint-Saëns’ first cello concerto at her solo debut, aged 14. The year 1980 also saw the beginning of a prolific collaboration with Ron Bullough, FRS, and later with Marshall Stoneham, FRS, during several visits and attachments to the renowned Harwell Lab. Resuming interests already pursued in Osnabrück, Rauh set about modelling microstructural evolution in nuclear reactor materials subject to high-energy particle irradiation, using the chemical rate theory approach. Here all sink types that together make up the spatially varying microstructure of the real material are assigned

consistent sink strengths in an equivalent homogeneous continuum. He rigorously and originally derived sink strengths for voids, dislocations and free surfaces, appropriate to continuous and pulsed modes of irradiation respectively, enhancing comprehension of phenomena like void swelling and loop growth significantly. Analysing recombination processes of vacancies and self-interstitials, as occurring in irradiated solids, and of electrons and holes, as prevailing in semiconductor devices, was the objective of further thorough investigations. Seminal realisations were achieved when Rauh explored the kinetics of solute atom migration in the stress field of loaded cracks. His applications to modelling high-temperature brittle intergranular fracture of ferritic steels - a phenomenon strongly depending on sulphur segregation near crack tips - provided an understanding that enables corrective action to be taken against structural failure of service components involving welds. Having obtained his habilitation in 1985, Rauh gladly accepted an offer from Sir Peter Hirsch, FRS, to join the Materials Department at the University of Oxford as a Visiting Fellow in 1986. Rauh’s ties with this university, and with its cultural life, to which he contributed actively, were strengthened from 1988 when, simultaneously with affiliations to the Harwell Lab, he held a Research Fellowship at Wolfson College, Oxford, awarded by the President, Sir Raymond Hoffenberg, KBE. In 1994 Rauh became Professor of Theoretical Foundations of Materials Development at Darmstadt University of Technology. His current attention focusses on a whole range of themes, including performance aspects of target materials for spallation neutron sources and magnetic properties of superconducting materials in electronic device applications. An international Ambassador by all means, committed to the sciences and arts, he enjoys serving mankind by inspiring and educating the brightest students, by cultivating and disseminating the highest quality of scholarship, and by advancing innovative research of fundamental interest as well as of potential use to industry. Rauh is a member of various learned societies, and holds Fellowships of the Institutes of Physics and Materials. Apart from meriting a dedication here, he was honoured with inclusion in a number of biographical reference works such as Dictionary of International Biography, Five Hundred Leaders of Influence, and Who’s Who in the World. A biography of HE The Honourable Professor Dr Hermann Rudolf Rauh, MA, CPhys, FInstP, FIM, OIA, appears in the main section of this Edition. Adapted from the original with kind permission of the International Biographical Centre