Outline the physiological processes that occur during Kreb's cycle (the second stage

of the aerobic system) 4 marks.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages

of the aerobic system. 4 marks

(Sub max 4) pyruvic acid converted to acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetic acid produces citric acid hydrogen released/reduction occurs carbon dioxide given off exothermic reaction (that releases energy) to resynthesise 2 A TP

Advantages and Disadvantages (Sub max 4) (Advantages) high quantities of A TP are resynthesised (presence of oxygen allows for) full breakdown of glycogen (high levels of oxygen) allow for breakdown of fats fats are the most efficient energy fuel no fatiguing by-products

(Disadvantages) time delay (before sufficient oxygen available)/slow process complex series of reactions can only be used at low/medium exercise intensity breakdown of fats requires very large quantities of oxygen 15% more than for the breakdown of glycogen

Physiological Adaptations Of Aerobic Training

• Changes take place in the lungs, heart, vascular system, blood and muscles.

• Below are the changes. What are the effects?• How much of your adaptations worksheet can you complete?

Lung volume.

Strengthening respiratory muscles

Greater tidal volume

Myocardial hypertrophy

Decreased resting heart rate

Increased number of capillaries

Blood plasma volume

Red blood cell & haemoglobin

Mitochondria Myoglobin levels

High enzyme activity

Increased number ofslow twitch muscle fibres

Stroke volume

• Describe and explain the neural and physiological changes that occur to skeletal muscle after a period of aerobic weight training. (submax 5)

• neural changes) • 23. greater force can be generated during

contraction • 24. recruitment of more motor units • 25. improved synchronisation of motor units • 26. inhibition of tension threshold of Golgi

tendon organ/autogenic inhibition delayed • 28. improved coordination of antagonistic

muscle pairs

• (physiological changes) • 30. increased number of muscle fibres available for

contraction 31. hyperplasia/muscle fibre splitting 32. increased aerobic capacity of muscle/increased amount of oxygen used in the muscle

33 Increased mitochondria density• 34. increased myoglobin stores • 35. increased glycogen stores• 36. increased capillary density/capillarisation • 38. increase in aerobic enzyme activity • 39. increase in buffering capacity/tolerance to lactic

acid/resistance to fatigue/work for longer

Muscular adaptations to strength

training.• Factors that determine strength?

• Using your table of adaptation explanations decide which of the following explanation goes where:

• Hypertrophy & hyperplasia of fast twitch muscle fibres.• Increased stores of ATP & PC• Increased activity of ATP-PC energy system enzymes.• Increased recruitment of motor units.• Enhanced buffering capacity• Increased glycolytic capacity

Paired Questioning

• Compare and apply relevant guidelines that need to be considered in order to develop explosive and endurance strength to one strength weight training session. (6).

Guidelines Of Specificity & Overload

• Explosive1. Major muscle groups of

legs involved2. Utilise FT muscle fibres.3. Utilise ATP/PC/alactacid

system.• Weights: heavy 70-90%

of 1RM.• Reps: 1-5• Sets: 3-5• Frequency: 3-7 times per

week.• 1:3 Ratio/full recovery

between sets (2-5 mins)

• Aerobic1. Major muscle groups of

legs involved2. Utilise ST muscle fibres.3. Utilise Aerobic energy

system.• Weights: Moderate 50-75%

1RM• Reps: 10+• Sets: Fewer 3• Frequency: Less 3-5 for

recovery• 1:2 ratio/60 secs recovery