Our Land: Dueling Nationalisms and Territorial Disputes in East Asia

8/2/2019 Our Land: Dueling Nationalisms and Territorial Disputes in East Asia

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Arp Cogm4

Mrbcngf Go}nagocnuiu ogm ]bppn}apnoc Mnuzr}bu ng Bou} Ouno

O Ur`u}og}noc Pbubopeh Zozbp

@~

Uoirbc O' Pauu

Ur`in}}bm }a }hb

Uehaac al Ng}bpgo}nagoc Ubp|neb

al Oibpneog Rgn|bpun}~

ng Zop}noc Lrclnccibg} al

}hb Pbqrnpbibg}u lap }hb Mbfpbb

al

Iou}bp al Op}u

ng

Ng}bpgo}nagoc Ollonpu

Loerc}~ Urzbp|nuap4 QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ

Zbk Kaag Hbgf

Ubibu}bp al Pbfnu}po}nag4 Locc 0:??

Earpub NM4 UNU)6>2):56


2/80

]o`cb al Eag}bg}u

Or}hapu Ga}b ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ?

N' Ng}pamre}nag''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 0

H~za}hbunu''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 5

Ib}hamacaf~ al Pbubopeh ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' =

NN' Cn}bpo}rpb Pb|nbv'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''


3/80

?

Or}hapu Ga}b4

]hparfhar} }hb earpub al }hnu zozbp# agc~ agb al }hb irc}nzcb goibu fn|bg }a boeh mnuzr}bm }bppn}ap~ vncc

`b pbfrcopc~ rubm vhbg pblbpbgengf }haub }bppn}apnbu' Ng }hb eoub al Makma!]okbuhnio!Cnogearp} Paeku#

}hnu vncc `b ]okbuhnio# vhncb ng }hb eoub al Mnoa~r!Mnoa~r)}on!Ubgkokr!Znggoecb Nucogmu# Ubgkokr# ogm ng

}hb eoub al }hb Uar}hbpg Krpnc Nucogmu!Krpncbu!Gap}hbpg ]bppn}apnbu# Krpnc Nucogmu' ]hnu nu magb zpniopnc~

lap bllnenbge~u uokb# ogm (cnkb }hb pbu} al }hnu zozbp. uharcm ga} `b inueagu}prbm ou zacn}neoc urzzap} lapagb earg}p~u econi }a ua|bpbnfg}~ a|bp }hbub }bppn}apnbu' ]hb bxebz}nagu vncc `bvhbg mnpbe}c~

pblbpbgengf boeh earg}p~u goib lap }hb }bppn}apnbu ogm vhbg }hb oc}bpgo}n|b goibu ho|b `bbg rubm ng

qra}o}nagu lpai pbubopeh io}bpnocu }a o|anm inupbzpbubg}o}nag'

Ng ommn}nag# pblbpbgeb }a }hb nucogm al ]onvog iokbu ga drmfibg} ag ]onvogu zacn}neoc u}o}ru' Po}hbp# n}

pbeafgntbu ]onvogu pacb ng }hb Ubgkokr eaglcne}# }hb nizcneo}nagu al zauun`cb pbuacr}nagu ogm ]onvogbub

ia}n|o}nagu lap eag}ngrbm ng|ac|bibg}'

Lngocc~# occ gag)Bgfcnuh vapmu ogm goibu opb zpbubg}bm hbpb Paiogntbm (rungf eaiiagc~ oeebz}bm

u~u}biu. ogm n}ocnentbm# vn}h mblngn}nagu laccavngf ng zopbg}hbubu (nl ozzcneo`cb.' Ng pbfopmu }a pblbpbgengf

Ehngbub goibu (n'b' Mnoa~r.# }hnu zozbp Paiogntbu }hbi }hparfh }hb Zng~ng u~u}bi# vhneh nu erppbg}c~

oeebz}bm ng `a}h }hb Zbazcbu Pbzr`cne al Ehngo (ZPE. ogm ]onvog' ]hb agc~ }nibu a}hbp u~u}biu al

Paiognto}nag vncc `b bizca~bm (n'b' Vomb)Fncbu. nu vhbg mnpbe}c~ qra}ngf pbubopeh io}bpnocu'


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0

N' Ng}pamre}nag

Ng Ubz}bi`bp al 0:?:# }hb eaccnunag al o Ehngbub ]povcbp vn}h o Dozogbub Ubcl)Mblbgub

Lapeb uhnz zo}paccngf }hb mnuzr}bm Ubgkokr nucogmu ogm urùbqrbg} oppbu} al }hb Ehngbub epbv

zpa|akbm copfb ueocb zpa}bu}u }hparfhar} ub|bpoc en}nbu ng Ehngo ogm Dozog' ]haruogmu }aak }a

}hb u}pbb} `beorub al }hb ngenmbg}'?

Ng 0:??# }hpbb Dozogbub Mnb} ibi`bpu vbpb ocua }hb laeru

al eag}pa|bpu~ vhbg }hb~ oggargebm zcogu lap o loe})lngmngf inuunag ng eaggbe}nag vn}h }hb

]okbuhnio nucogmu mnuzr}bm b}vbbg Dozog ogm Kapbo' Ng pbuzagub# }hb Kapbog fa|bpgibg}

mbgnbm }hbi bg}p~ ng}a }hb earg}p~ ageb }hbnp zcogb hom cogmbm o} }hb Ubarc onpzap}# ogm

hrgmpbmu al Kapbog oe}n|nu}u fo}hbpbm ng zpa}bu} o} }hb onpzap} rg}nc }hb coviokbpu hom

pb}rpgbm }a Dozog'0

Dozog nu erppbg}c~ ng|ac|bm ng }hpbb al }hbub kngmu al }bppn}apnoc mnuzr}bu; ng

ommn}nag }a Ehngo ogm Kapbo# n} ocua ecouhbu vn}h Pruuno a|bp vho} n} eoccu }hb Gap}hbpg

]bppn}apnbu ogm vho} Pruuno eoccu }hb Krpncu'

Occ }hpbb eoubu `bop u}pagf unincopn}nbu }a agb oga}hbp' Ng boeh eoub }hb mnuzr}bu ebg}bp

ag nucogmu }a vhneh à}h pbuzbe}n|b unmbu hacm unfgnlneog} cbfoc ogm hnu}apneoc econi' Zazrco}nag

|opnbu# pogfngf lpai rgzazrco}bm (}hb Ubgkokru ng Ehngo. }a a}hbpu iong}ongngf o cnin}bm

zazrco}nag (}hb Krpncu vn}h ?=#:::5.# `r} boeh }bppn}ap~ eag}ongu o vboc}h al bxzcan}o`cb

pbuarpebu' Ungeb }hbnp ngebz}nag# occ al }hb mnuzr}bu ho|b ocua lpbqrbg}c~ fn|bg pnub }a zavbplrc

go}nagocnu} phb}apne# uaib b|bg fangf ua lop ou }a bxzap} }ho} phb}apne }a a}hbp rgng|ac|bm

earg}pnbu' Ng 0::8 ogm 0::> lap bxoizcb# Kapbog go}nagocnu} fparzu ocua zonm lap

?âpbb Kah# "]ak~a Zpa}bu}u @cou} Ehngo&u Pbuzagub }a Eaccnunag#" Vocc U}pbb} Darpgoc (Agcngb. (?:!:5!0:?:.'

h}}z4!!zpax~or'vpce'apf!cafng1rpc9h}}z4!!ubopeh'zpaqrbu}'eai!mae|nbv!6220551oeearg}nm98082'0

Fcaòc ]nibu# "Uar}h Kapbo Mbgnbu Bg}p~ }a Dozogbub Coviokbpu"# Zbazcb&u Agcngb Monc~

h}}z4!!bgfcnuh'zbazcbmonc~'eai'eg!>:666!>:82?!6=26226'h}ic (oeebuubm Ae}' 08 0:??.'5

@pom Vnccnoiu# Pbuac|ngf }hb Pruua)Dozogbub ]bppn}apnoc Mnuzr}b4 Hakkonma)Uokhocng Pbco}nagu# bm' D'O'O' U}aekvng

b} oc'# Gnuuog Ngu}n}r}b!Par}bmfb Dozogbub U}rmnbu Ubpnbu (Gbv âpk# G^4 Par}cbmfb# 0::6.' ?=?


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5

om|bp}nubibg}u ag }hbnp zaun}nag ng }hbnp mnuzr}b vn}h Dozog ng ]hb Gbv âpk ]nibu# Vocc U}pbb}

Darpgocogm Vouhngf}ag Zau}#=

mbuzn}b iog~ Oibpneogu `bngf eaizcb}bc~ rgovopb al }hb

eag}bx} al }hb eaglcne}'

Oc}harfh o fpbo} mboc al aaku ogm gbvuzozbp!darpgoc op}necbu ibg}nag go}nagocnu}

lbp|ap urppargmngf }hbub mnuzr}bu vhbg n} `beaibu bxzcnen}# lbv ho|b mbc|bm mbbzbp ng caakngf

o} }hb ia}n|o}nagu lap }hnu go}nagocnui ogm }hb pbcb|ogeb }a }hb nucogmu' ]hbpblapb# vhbpb mabu

}hnu go}nagocnui apnfngo}b lpai1 Vh~ mabu n} eaggbe} o ubpnbu al }ng~ nucogmu }a }hb nmbo al }hb

go}nag1 Vho} opb }hb rgmbpc~ngf ia}n|o}nagu ogm vho} opb }hb nizcneo}nagu al }hb zbpzb}roc

go}rpb al }hb mnuzr}bu# uaib al vhneh ho|b `bbg agfangf ungeb }hb bgm al }hb Zoenlne Vop1 Nu n}

occ apnbg}bm ag }hb uaenb}oc cb|bc# ap nu n} zauun`cb }ho} }hbub eaglcne}u opb `bngf bxzcan}bm lap

u}o}b ap ngu}n}r}nagoc faocu1 ]hnu zozbp eaguacnmo}bu }haub ngqrnpnbu vn}h }hb faoc al ommpbuungf

}va zpniop~ urù}og}noc pbubopeh qrbu}nagu; ma Bou} Ounog earg}pnbu (}hb u}o}b ap en|ncnogu. rub

}bppn}apnoc mnuzr}bu }a bgearpofb go}nagocnui# ogm vho} bllbe} mabu go}nagocnui ho|b ag

}bppn}apnoc mnuzr}bu1

H~za}hbunu

Zrccngf òek lap o iaibg} }hbg# ou og ngn}noc h~za}hbunu }a }hbub qrbu}nagu# }hb or}hap zpbmne}u

}ho} }hb larp u}o}bu ng|ac|bm ng }hbub mnuzr}bu opb bxzcan}ngf }hbi lap }hb faocu al zpaia}ngf

go}nagocnui# `r} }ho} uaib go}nagocnui io~ ocua opnub lpai ar}unmb nglcrbgebu' Vhb}hbp ap ga}

go}nagocnui nu bgearpofbm rgmbp }hb u}o}bu zpbpafo}n|b }a oeeaizcnuh ebp}ong faocu# n} eog ogm

hou `bbg opfrbm }ho} go}nagocnui nu ga} }hb uacb maingnag al }hb u}o}b ogm io~ b|bg `b `b~agm

u}o}b eag}pac' ]hbpblapb# }hb ubeagmop~ h~za}hbunu al }hnu zozbp zpbmne}u }ho} ga io}}bp }hb

=Ouuaeno}bm Zpbuu# "G'^' ]nibu Lrcc)Zofb Om Econiu Mnuzr}bm Nucb}u @bcagf }a U' Kapbo+"# @pbn}òp}

h}}z4!!vvv'`pbn}òp}'eai!op}necb'zhz1nm9M>?__\


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=

pacb al }hb u}o}b ng bgearpofngf go}nagocnui# n} eog ho|b og nghn`n}n|b bllbe} ag lngmngf o

pbuacr}nag }a }hbub mnuzr}bu'

]hbub }va qrbu}nagu ogm }hb or}hapu h~za}hbubu vncc `b bxzcapbm }hparfh ogoc~unu al

go}nagocnu} mnuzco~u ogm phb}apne eaggbe}bm }a }hb mnuzr}bu vn}hng }hb eag}bx} al eaizopo}n|b

}hbap~' Uzbenlneocc~ al ng}bpbu} nu }hb ouuaeno}nag vn}h }hb mnuzr}bm }bppn}apnbu ou o eprenoc ogm

rgmbgno`cb zop} al }hb go}nag ogm vhb}hbp ngenmbg}u }ho} laeru opargm }hb }bppn}apnbu opb }prc~

fpouupaa}u ng apnfng ap pbzpbubg}o}n|b al o mbunpbm faoc al }hb u}o}b' N} uhocc ocua ng|bu}nfo}b }hb

za}bg}noc ar}c~ngf loe}apu# ureh ou hnu}apneoc nou# ng}bpgoc uaena)maibu}ne ogm a}hbp ommn}nagoc

loe}apu# boeh al vhneh io~ ollbe} ia}n|o}nag }a ubb }hb }bppn}apnbu ou zop} al }hb go}nag'

Ib}hamacaf~ al Pbubopeh

]a zrpurb }hnu u}rm~ al vhb}hbp Bou} Ounog earg}pnbu rub }bppn}apnoc mnuzr}bu ou o vo~ }a

bgearpofb go}nagocnui# }hnu zozbp rubu vho} @preb C' @bpf mblngbu ng _rocn}o}n|b Pbubopeh

Ib}hamu lap }hb Uaenoc Uenbgebuou o mbuepnz}n|b eoub u}rm~ ib}hamacaf~ ng vhneh }hb

ng|bu}nfo}ap zpbubg}u o mbuepnz}n|b }hbap~# vhneh bu}o`cnuhbu }hb a|bpocc lpoibvapk lap }hb

ng|bu}nfo}ap }a laccav }hparfhar} }hb u}rm~'2

]hbpblapb# ou bu}o`cnuhbm o`a|b# n} vncc `b

gbebuuop~ }a mbc|b lrp}hbp ng}a }hb }hbapb}neoc eagu}pre} al }hb go}nag vn}hng }hb eag}bx} al

}hbub mnuzr}bu' ]hnu nu nizap}og} `beorub |ocnmo}ngf ap mnuzpa|ngf }hb h~za}hbunu }ho} }hbub

zop}nercop eaglcne}u opb `bngf rubm `~ }hb u}o}b }a fbgbpo}b go}nagocnui vncc mbzbgm ag

ng|bu}nfo}ngf vhb}hbp o ebp}ong mbfpbb al go}nagocnui ocua lapiu opargm }hbub eaglcne}u

ngmbzbgmbg}c~ al }hb u}o}b'

2@preb C' @bpf# _rocn}o}n|b Pbubopeh Ib}hamu lap }hb Uaenoc Uenbgebu# 6}h bm' (@au}ag# IO4 Occ~g , @oeag# 0::>.'

506


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2

]hnu eoub u}rm~ vncc zpniopnc~ `b zbplapibm }hparfh rga`}prun|b ib}hamu al fo}hbpngf

mo}o# laerungf copfbc~ ag opehn|oc pbubopeh ogm o cn}bpo}rpb pb|nbv; pb|nbvngf }hb nuurbu }hparfh

maeribg}o}nag vpn}}bg ~ pbubopehbpu ng }hb lnbcm ogm pbebg} mb|bcazibg}u opargm }hb

eaglcne}u' N} vncc ocua occav o fcnizub ng}a }hb ng}bpgo}nagoc mnuearpub a|bp }hbub }azneu ogm }a fb}

o ioepa)|nbv al }hb nuurbu urppargmngf }hbi' @a}h }hb cn}bpo}rpb pb|nbv ogm opehn|oc pbubopeh

opb ng}bgmbm }a `b ou mn|bpub ogm eaizpbhbgun|b ou zauun`cb a|bp o |opnb}~ al ibmno (`aaku#

darpgoc!gbvuzozbp op}necbu!|nmba pbeapmngfu.; bxzcapngf o unfgnlneog} `pbom}h al pbco}bm io}bpnoc

}a bu}o`cnuh pbouago`cb eagecrunagu ag }hb pbubopeh qrbu}nagu'

Ng ommn}nag# }hb pbeafgn}nag al }hb nizap}ogeb al ngeapzapo}ngf occ al }hb zpb|naruc~

ibg}nagbm rga`}prun|b ib}hamu ng }hb earpub al }hnu eoub u}rm~ nu ng}bgmbm }a epbo}b ou ecbop o

vngmav ou zauun`cb ng}a eag}ngrbm u}rm~ ogm eag}pn`r}nag }avopm }hb nuurbu `~ zbplapingf og

ogoc~unu al uaib}hngf }ho} fa|bpgibg}u ng Bou} Ounog earg}pnbu opb ap opb ga} mangf ogm }hb

pacb al go}nagocnui ng }bppn}apnoc mnuzr}bu' ]hb eoub u}rm~ lapio} vncc occav o }haparfh caak o}

}ho} zaun}nag ogm pb)vpn}ngf al }hb h~za}hbunu ogm ib}hamu ou gbebuuop~ `oubm ag }hb pburc}u

pbebn|bm lpai }hb mo}o pb|nbvbm'


8/80

Ng a}hbp vapmu# hb urffbu}u# }hb u}o}b (vhneh nu copfbc~

ngu}n}r}nagoc. nu lapibm go}rpocc~ ar} al }hb niofngbm eaiirgn}~' Zpazbpc~ mblngngf }hb go}nag)

u}o}b# }hb ureebuulrc eai`ngo}nag al }hb niofngbm eaiirgn}~ ogm vho} Vockbp Eaggap mblngbu

o iodap zacn}neoc ur`mn|nunag al }hb fca`b#?:

nu unfgnlneog}c~ iapb eaizcbx' ]aggbuag ogm

Og}ca| mblngb }hb go}nag)u}o}b ou `paomc~o u}o}b vhneh }hb fpbo} iodapn}~ al }hb en}ntbgu

nmbg}nl~ vn}h }a }hb bx}bg} al ubbngf n} ou }hbnp avg'??

A}hbpu# cnkb Vncuag ogm Fnmmbgu# }okb o

uacbc~ ngu}n}r}nagoc ozzpaoeh `~ ehaaungf }a mblngb }hb go}nag)u}o}b ou og omingnu}po}n|b

iagazac~ a|bp o }bppn}ap~ vn}h mbiopeo}bm àrgmopnbu (àpmbpu.# n}u prcb `bngf uoge}nagbm `~

cov ogm mnpbe} eag}pac al }hb ibogu al ng}bpgoc ogm bx}bpgoc |nacbgeb'?0

]hnu eog cbom }a eaglcne}

`beorub caakngf oek o} Fbbp}tu bxzcapo}nag al zpniapmnocnui# fbafpozh~ eog ocua b og

bcbibg}# òubm ag o zbpebn|bm eaiiag haibcogm' Ou Uehnpibp bxzcongu# O kb~ econi al

iambpg u~u}biu }hbap~ nu }ho} }bppn}apnoc àpmbpu opb lnpu} ogm lapbiau} zacn}neocàpmbpu ogm

}ho} }hbub zacn}neoc àpmbpu opb al}bg ga} al iodap unfgnlneogeb lap a}hbp lrge}nagngf u~u}biu'?5

>Iox Vb`bp# Hogu Hbngpneh Fbp}h# ogm E' Vpnfh} Inccu# Lpai Iox Vb`bp 4 Buuo~u ng Uaenacaf~# Par}cbmfb Ecouuneu

ng Uaenacaf~ (Inc}ag Zopk# O`ngfmag# Axag ; Gbv âpk4 Par}cbmfb# 0::>.' ?66?:

Vockbp Eaggap# "O Go}nag Nu o Go}nag# Nu o U}o}b# Nu og B}hgne Fparz# Nu O'''" ng Go}nagocnui# bm' Dahg Hr}ehnguag

ogm Og}hag~ M' Uin}h(Gbv âpk# G^4 Axlapm Rgn|bpun}~ Zpbuu# ?>>=.' 5

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Our Land: Dueling Nationalisms and Territorial Disputes in East Asia