Our Moon

Phases Eclipses

Tides

Think Aloud

A few basics • Moon Revolves

– About 28 days • Moon Rotates

– About 28 days • Moon has craters

from impacts of foreign objects – No atmosphere to

protect it – No erosion to

weather them

• Revolve = 28 days • Rotates = 28 days

– Same • Craters from

impacts • No atmosphere

– No erosion

My thoughts

Your notes

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=exIpL0Uhr_k

What makes it cool is…. • Because rotation

and revolution time are nearly the same, the same side of the moon ALWAYS faces Earth

• Creates NEAR and FAR sides, not light and dark

• FAR side has tons of craters, Earth protects NEAR side

• Revolution= rotation – Same side always

toward Earth • Near/Far side

(comic!) • Far= lots of craters

– We protect near side

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/missions/clementine/images/img5_lg.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/missions/clementine/images/&usg=__E9CMyzg-1OQWqa1bW1Azmv9pSHs=&h=609&w=859&sz=215&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=jOYXAdJL7iimhM:&tbnh=150&tbnw=213&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnear%2Bside%2Bof%2Bmoon%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26biw%3D1280%26bih%3D592%26tbs%3Disch:1%26prmd%3Div&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=149&vpy=96&dur=526&hovh=151&hovw=213&tx=184&ty=118&ei=uXHHTOqMJuKMnAfSxbGoAw&oei=uXHHTOqMJuKMnAfSxbGoAw&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=18&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0

Lunar Surface Features

• Lighter part of surface is rough highlands • Darker parts are smooth areas of

hardened lava called maria. • Long, deep channel in maria are called

rilles.

http://www.space.com/15035-moon-formation-theory-challenged.html

Impact theory

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sp4IEAO_ngU

Moon Phases

• ½ of moon is ALWAYS lit

• Phases are caused by our view on Earth

• Look at the RIGHT • Name by what is

LIGHT

• ½ lit- always • Our view causes

• Look @ RIGHT • Name by LIGHT

LIGH

T RIGHT

Tides

Gravity Pulls on Us! • Gravity is the

attraction force between two bodies in space – It varies with distance,

and mass • Earth experiences

gravity with the sun, moon, and even other planets

• Gravity works on an entire plane, not just one point

• Gravity= attract. Btwn 2 bodies in space – Distance – Mass – Earth, sun, moon,

(planets too) • Planar, not single

point – Full line, not leash

on dog

Tides show Gravity

• Tides change with phase and time of day.

• Different parts of Earth experience high and low tides at different times

• Always 2 highs and 2 lows on Earth

• Always 2 highs and 2 lows per day

• Change w/time • Different w/ location • 2 highs 2 lows on Earth

always • 2 highs/2 lows per day

Where are the highs and lows?

Neap and Spring Tides • Gravity changes with sun

and moon alignment, so do tides

• Highest highs and lowest lows are called Spring tides. They happen with new and full moon phases when the Earth, Moon, and Sun are aligned.

• Moderate tides, called neap tides happen during quarter moons and are because the Sun, Earth, and Moon are at right angles to each other.

• Alignment of S,E,M change Tides

• Spring Tides – High highs, low lows – New or Full moon – S,E,M aligned together

• Neap Tides – Moderate changes – Quarters – S,E,M at right angles

http://home.hiwaay.net/~krcool/Astro/moon/moontides/

Tides Predicted

• Tides are predicted and recorded by NOAA – National Oceanographic

and Atmospheric Administration

• Large bodies of water experience tides – Oceans – Great Lakes

• Predicted by NOAA – Nat’l Oceanographic and

Atmospheric Administration

• Large bodies of H2O – Oceans – Great Lakes

Eclipses

• One body falls into the shadow of another – Named by what is

“blocked out” or missing, not necessarily what is in the shadow

– Full and partial eclipses are possible depending on what part of the shadow the body falls in

• Shadows are key – Named by blocked out

• NOT shadow – Full or partial

• Where in shadow

Eclipse Vocabulary

• Umbra- darkest inner cone of shadow – Creates total eclipse

• Penumbra- lighter area of shadow, surrounds umbra – Creates partial eclipse

• Total Eclipse: object completely covered • Partial Eclipse: Object falls partially covered • Annular Eclipse: Solar eclipse where shadow

does not reach Earth’s surface

Solar Eclipses • Moon comes

between Earth and Sun – Moon’s shadow on

Earth

• Small area on Earths sees because shadow is small in comparison

• Short time period- few minutes

• New Moon phase

• Moon’s shadow on Earth – Small shadow,

small viewing – Short – New Moon

http://www.exploratorium.edu/eclipse/future.html

Lunar Eclipses • Earth comes between

Sun and Moon – Earth’s shadow on

Moon • Entire night side of

Earth can see because shadow is large compared to moon

• Several hours long • Full Moon phase

• Moon in Earth’s shadow • Large shadow, large

viewing area • Hours • Full Moon

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zh9rFdKoems Super Moon News Report

Do we really need the moon?

http://www.freedocumentary.tv/do-we-really-need-the-moon/

http://topdocumentaryfilms.com/if-we-had-no-moon/

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QXaaLhwAgwo

If we Had NO MOON!!! 44 minutes ~ Discovery Channel

BBC ~ 50 minutes

Timeline of Exploration • In your notes draw a long line to represent a

timeline from 1957 – today. • Marking off 10 year intervals • As we proceed through the notes, add

events/key words to your timeline. • At the end of the notes we will watch a

couple of video clips from the National Geographic Channel to help solidify our understanding of the impact space travel has had on our country.

History of Space Travel http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/science/space-sci/exploration/moon-101-sci.html EARLY SPACE MISSIONS:

*Sputnik I – (1957) Soviet Union sent the 1 st artificial satellite into orbit for 3 months.

*Yuri Gagarin – (1961) 1 st human in space.

Marked beginning of the “Space Race” between Russia and U.S.

*Space Race - (1961) U.S. enters the “Space

Race” with Soviet Union to see who is first to the moon.

• THE SPACE RACE: J.F. Kennedy: US President who challenged the USA to land on the moon!

– *PROJECT MERCURY – (early 1960’s) U.S. goal to reach the moon.

• A) Alan Shepard – (1961) 1 st U.S. citizen to pilot a craft to space and back.

• B) John Glenn – (1962) 1 st U.S. citizen to orbit Earth.

– *

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=video&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CB0QtwIwAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DouRbkBAOGEw&ei=M5BTVLKbLNaoyASC9YCYAg&usg=AFQjCNHSTteHAy361sG6pOKhP-xbK04zIQ&bvm=bv.78677474,d.aWw

– PROJECT GEMINI - (1960’s) Next step in the U.S. reaching the moon. Demonstrated a connection between two spacecrafts in orbit.

• Mercury mission – series of robotic probes sent to the

moon. • Ranger mission – proved that we could get a man to the

moon. • Surveyor mission – proved that man could land on the

lunar surface. • Lunar Orbiter mission – photographed possible landing

sites on the lunar surface.

– *PROJECT APOLLO - series of U.S. unmanned and manned missions to the moon.

• Apollo 1 ~1st attempt at manned moon mission resulting in

tragedy. (Jan 27, 1967) – Grishom, Chaffe, and White died in a fire in the command

module. » The Apollo missions were nearly all canceled forever, but an

investigation found that there were wiring problems with the oxygen tanks, escape procedures, and communication issues. The problems were addressed and fixed for future missions.

• Apollo 11 – (1969) – Neil Armstrong was 1 st to set foot on the moon.

• B) Apollo 15, 16, & 17 – (1970’s) Use of a lunar roving vehicle to explore moon’s surface.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cwZb2mqId0A

• EXPLORATION PAST THE MOON: –*VOYAGER SPACE PROBES – (1977) “Info-

Gathering” crafts sent to explore space beyond moon’s orbit.

– A) Voyager I – Has reached the outer edges of

our Solar System (into Kuiper Belt) and still transmitting.

– B) Voyager II – Is on its way past Neptune and

Pluto (headed for Kuiper Belt) and still transmitting.

• MODERN SPACE EXPLORATION: – *SPACE SHUTTLE – (1980) Reusable craft that transports

satellites, astronauts, and other materials to and from space. Launched via rockets and glides back to Earth.

– *SPACE STATION – Permanent outpost in orbit that provides living quarters and workspace for astronauts. “ISS”

– A) Skylab – (1973) Used to study effects on humans in space.

– B) Mir – (1980’s) Used to study effects on humans living in space for long periods. Used with space shuttle.

– C) Challenger (1986) and Columbia (2003) – *HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE – (early 1990’s) sent into space

to transmit info and photos back to Earth. – *INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION – (1997) More than a

dozen nations cooperated to send an outpost into orbit. Used with space shuttle to study docking missions and for lab experiments. Shuttle mission of Discovery (2005)

• MODERN SPACE EXPLORATION (CONT.)

– *Mars Rover missions – (1990’s to present) NASA & independent companies have sent several crafts to study Mars’ atmosphere and surface.

– *Stellar Space Probes – (present) space probes are being sent to study other planets up close.

– *High powered telescopes/satellites studying other stars and their planets, nebulas, galaxies, black holes, etc…

• FUTURE SPACE EXPLORATION

– *Lunar Studies – NASA is looking once again at the moon. – A) Sees the moon as a possible docking and refueling site for deep

space missions to Mars and beyond. – B) May also be a site for a future space station or colonization by

humans. – C) May eventually be used as a stepping stone to travel outside our

solar system.

List of Space Shuttle Missions • http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemi

ssions/index.html Space Shuttle History and links to other

Space Exploration Videos • http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/ne

ws/space-technology-news/1969-moonlanding-vin.html

• For all Mankind (11min) – http://www.freedocumentary.tv/for-all-mankind/

• http://www.biography.com/people/sally-ride-9458284 (Sally Ride~1st woman in space)

• Challenger Tragedy • ~http://womenshistory.about.com/library/bio/blbio_c

hrista_mcauliffe.htm

• Destiny in Space (documentary) • http://www.freedocumentary.tv/destiny-in-space/ • Horizon: Guide to the Space Program (4+min) • http://www.freedocumentary.tv/the-space-

shuttle-a-horizon-guide/ • Movie of the first orbit of a man above Earth

– http://www.freedocumentary.tv/first-orbit/

When We Left Earth * 6 part series from NASA http://www.freedocumentary.tv/when-we-left-earth-

the-nasa-missions/

• Myth Buster’s- The moon landing was not a hoax – http://www.freedocumentary.tv/mythbusters-moon-

landing-wasn%E2%80%99t-a-hoax/