Oumh2103english for Science

8/9/2019 Oumh2103english for Science

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TABLE OF CONTENT

NO CONTENT PAGE/S

1 PART A 2-4

2 PART B 5

3 RESOURCES 6

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PART A

Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter or biological materials

that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organism or damages the natural

environment. This is also known as a substance in the air that can cause harm to humans and the

environment. Pollutants can be in the form of solid particles, liquid droplets or gases. The human

health effects of poor air quality are far reaching, but principally affect the body's respiratory

system and the cardiovascular system. Individual reactions to air pollutants depend on the type

of pollutant a person is exposed to, the degree of exposure, the individual's health status and

genetics. People who exercise outdoors, for example, on hot, smoggy days increase their

exposure to pollutants in the air. The health effects caused by air pollutants may range fromsubtle biochemical and physiological changes to difficulty breathing, wheezing, coughing and

aggravation of existing respiratory and cardiac conditions. These effects can result in increased

medication use, increased doctor or emergency room visits, more hospital admissions and even

premature death.

The first part of causes and effects of air pollution is major sources. Air pollution comes

from many sources. Some natural sources affect air quality. Volcanoes produce sulfur, chlorine,

and ash. Wildfires make smoke and carbon monoxide. Cattle and other animals release methane

as part of their digestive process. Even pine trees make volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

People make many types of air pollution. Factories, power plants and cars make nitrogen oxides,

VOCs, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and particulates. In most megacities,

such as Mexico City and Los Angeles, cars are the biggest source of air pollution. Even farmers

burning their crop waste make carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and particulates. One

important thing to remember about air pollution is that it doesnt say in one place. Winds and

weather play an important part in moving pollution around. Pollution can move all around the

world, changing everything it touches.

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The second part is effect to the humans healths effects The human health effects of poor

air quality are far reaching, but principally affect the body's respiratory system and the

cardiovascular system. Individual reactions to air pollutants depend on the type of pollutant a

person is exposed to, the degree of exposure, the individual's health status and genetics. People

who exercise outdoors, for example, on hot, smoggy days increase their exposure to pollutants in

the air. The health effects caused by air pollutants may range from subtle biochemical and

physiological changes to difficulty breathing, wheezing, coughing and aggravation of existing

respiratory and cardiac conditions. These effects can result in increased medication use,

increased doctor or emergency room visits, more hospital admissions and even premature death.

The human respiratory system is dominated by our lungs, which bring fresh oxygen (O2) into our

bodies while expelling carbon dioxide (CO2). The oxygen travels from the lungs through the

bloodstream to the cells in all parts of the body. The cells use the oxygen as fuel and give off

carbon dioxide as a waste gas. The waste gas is carried by the bloodstream back to the lungs to

be exhaled.

The last part is about environment effects. Like photochemical pollutants, sulfur oxides

contribute to the incidence of respiratory diseases. Acid rain, a form of precipitation that contains

high levels of sulfuric or nitric acids, can contaminate drinking water and vegetation, damage

aquatic life, and erode buildings. When a weather condition known as a temperature inversion

prevents dispersal of smog, inhabitants of the area, especially children and the elderly and

chronically ill, are warned to stay indoors and avoid physical stress. The dramatic and

debilitating effects of severe air pollution episodes in cities throughout the world such as the

London smog of 1952 that resulted in 4,000 deaths have alerted governments to the necessity for

crisis procedures. Even everyday levels of air pollution may insidiously affect health and

behavior. Indoor air pollution is a problem in developed countries, where efficient insulation

keeps pollutants inside the structure. In less developed nations, the lack of running water and

indoor sanitation can encourage respiratory infections. Carbon monoxide, for example, by

driving oxygen out of the bloodstream, causes apathy, fatigue, headache, disorientation, and

decreased muscular coordination and visual acuity. Air pollution may possibly harm populations

in ways so subtle or slow that they have not yet been detected. For that reason research is now

under way to assess the long-term effects of chronic exposure to low levels of air pollution what

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most people experience as well as to determine how air pollutants interact with one another in

the body and with physical factors such as nutrition, stress, alcohol, cigarette smoking, and

common medicines. Another subject of investigation is the relation of air pollution to cancer,

birth defects, and genetic mutations.

The conclusion are air pollution is actually the addition of any harmful substances to the

atmosphere, which causes the damaging of the environment, human health and the quality of life.

With the development in industry, came along the increase in air pollution, which occurs inside

homes, schools, offices even in the countryside. Consequently there has been an increase in the

death rates resulting from various diseases caused by air pollution varying from breathing

problem to lung cancer. Air pollution does not only affect people but it also damages the whole

ecological system in which plants and animals are harmed as well. Air pollution has reachedsuch a critical stage where it affects the earth's atmosphere as it lets in more harmful radiation

from the sun. Consequently, our polluted atmosphere is becoming a better insulator, thus,

preventing heat from escaping back into space. That is why there is a global rise in temperature

which scientists refer to as " global warming". As a result of this rise in temperature the world

food supply and sea level will be affected, also there is the probability of increase in the tropical

disease.

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PART B

The graph shows about the worlds top 10 countries by population (m) and growth

between 1990 and 2005. The 10 countries are Mexico, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Japan, Russia,

Brazil, Indonesia, USA, India and China. The population growth up from year 1990 to 2005.

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RESOURCES

http://healthandenergy.com/air_pollution_causes.htm

http://healthandenergy.com/air_pollution_health_effects.htm

http://www.mass.gov/dep/air/index.htm

http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/air/out-ext/effe/index-eng.php

http://www.doe.gov.my/

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Oumh2103english for Science