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OTEC power, research and implementation by the Korean Government: Case study of a 1MW power
plant for the Republic of Kiribati
Hyeon-Ju Kim, Ho-Saeng Lee, Dong-Ho Jung, Sung Woo Kim,
Sa-Young Hong and Christopher Mark Day
Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering (KRISO)
Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries(MOF) of Republic of Korea
1. OTEC history and current status
2015 : 100kW
OTEC plant
Grid-connected
(NELHA/MOE)
22kWIn 1927
http://www.makai.com/ocean-thermal-energy-conversion/
Ongoing project for OTEC demonstration
Goseong, South Korea
20kilowatt plant, Korea(MOF)
(only operated in the summer)
Tarawa, Kiribati (by KRISO team)
1 megawatt plant, Korea(MOF) Martinique, Fr(by Akuo E.)
10 megawatt plant, EU
Electric power can be generated by rotating a turbine using
gaseous flow of evaporated working fluid. Warm surface and
cold deep seawaters are used for heat source and sink,
respectively.
2. 1MW OTEC plant design
100kW-OTEC(USA‘15)50kW-OTEC(Japan‘13)15kW-OTEC(French‘11) 20kW-OTEC(Korea‘13)
Pump
Turbine
Evaporator
Condenser4
1 2
3
Surface sea water
Deep seawater
2
34
1
S
T
Qe
Qc
WT
WP
Working fluid : R32 refrigerant
Condenser
Evaporator
Turbine-generator
Accumulator
Receiver
WF pump
Design of 20kW OTEC plant as 1MW pilot plant
20kW OTEC pilot plantCondenser
Evaporator
Turbine-generator
ReceiverCirculation pump
Separator
Fabrication of pilot OTEC plant for 1MW
Experiment of 20kW OTEC pilot plantOperation of 20kW OTEC
https://www.facebook.com/pg/OTECUT/videos/?ref=page_internal
Detail design of 1MW OTEC plant on offshore platform and land
ESCAPE
TRUNK
ELE
C. W
ELD
ING
RM
45000
45000
Ref.
Recovery
Rec
over
y Tan
k
EXPANDED METAL
WORKSHOP &
STORE
P
P
P
P
HULL
DUCT
700C
ESCAPE TRUNK
B.W
B.W
B.W
MAIN
SW
ITCH B
OARD
Va
cuum
PLA
NT
NO
RT
H
PLANT EAST
PLA
NT
SO
UT
H
PLANT WEST
On-land OTECOffshore OTEC
SWACAgri/aquaculture
Desalination Byproducts
2020~2025
(M-ODA/?)
2016~2020
(M-ODA/Kr)
3. 1MW OTEC structure design
1MW – ID 1.2m HDPE / 10MW – ID 4m FRP / 100MW – ID 10m FRP
* Wire ; Reinforcement by tensile strength
* Lumped mass ; For Specific density
Design condition of 1MW OTEC plant
Water depth: 1100m
◇ Environmental conditions (Tarawa, Kiribati)
Current velocity: 1.4m/s100yr Storm case Max. Current case
Hs (m) 3.89 (~10.2) 1.49
Tp (sec) 14.0 (~12.8) 14.0
Gamma of
JONSWAP Spectrum2 6
Mean wind speed for
10 min. (m/s)28.4 (~33.80) 8.00
Current
speed
(m/sec)
Surface 1.40 0.91
50m 0.49 0.79
100m 0.30 0.79
150m 0.30 0.79
350m 0.21 0.30
800m 0.21 0.30
1000m 0.21 0.30
Example of current profile at Tarawa waters
100yr storm Wave spectrum
* ( ) : external force environment around Fiji
Bottom topography (SPC)
Assembling
Verification experiment
1MW OTEC demonstration plant Performance test and transport to install
For multi-purpose use of discharged
seawater for FEW applicationDesign approval of 1/10MW OTEC plant
on offshore platform will be tried in 2020
South Tarawa
(2018)
(2018~2019)
ODA projects often fail at the point ofownership transference
We need detailed program for full technology transference
A competent capacity-program designed and installed with local stakeholders
Who&What
1MW OTECDemonstration
PlantCapacity-building for
operation and maintenance by Kiribati people
2525
Kiribati
Goseong, South Korea
20kilowatt plant, Korea(MOF)
(only operated in the summer)
Tarawa, Kiribati (by KRISO team)
1 megawatt plant, Korea(MOF)
2626
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
Kiribati Netherlands South Korea USA
Electricity and GDP
Electricity use per capita (kWh per capita) GDP - per capita (USD)
2727
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Kiribati Netherlands South Korea USA
Obseity and Water
Obseity - adult prevalence rate (%)
Water (Population with improved drinking water sources -urban and rural)
2828
1
100
10,000
1,000,000
100,000,000
Kiribati Netherlands South Korea USA
Arable land and Climate change
Arable land (Hectares) CO2 emissions (Kt)
Our goal
Self-Reliant for Food, Energy, and Water
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Kiribati (2013) Future Kiribati
CO2 emissions (Kt)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Obseity prevalence (%) Water availability (%)
Food and water
Kiribati (2013) Future Kiribati
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
Electricity use per
capita (kWh per
capita)
Arable land
(Hectares)
GDP - per capita
(USD)
Electricity, Agriculture, and GDP
Kiribati (2013) Future Kiribati
How and when?
2016Design and
fabrication of essential
parts
2017Design and fabrication
of secondary parts
2018Installation and test
operation in the East Sea
of South Korea
2019~2021Transportation,
installation and test
operation in Tarawa, Kiribati
SSUAInvitation of 2
SSUA participants to South Korea
Advanced courses
Education center for
seawater plant
1MW OTECDemonstrati
on Plant
Preparation for
technology transference
Prof. AhmedUSPOTEC Prof. Albert Kim
UHMDesalination
Prof. N’YeurtUSP
Bioenergy
Prof. J. K. KimCheonnam
Uni.Marine survey Dr. H. S. Lee
KRISOOTEC
Prof. K. H. KimChungnam Uni.Water Quality
Prof. NuttallUSP
Logistics/Finance
Prof. S. G. Jeon
HangyangUni.
Finance
Director Yoon
SeabaseDiving
Dr. H. J. KimKRISO
Program Manager
OTEC/DOWA
Dr. D. S. MoonKRISO
Desalination
Mark Day
SPCCoastal
construction
Jeremy HillsUSPODA
program
Prof. H. G. KimGangneung-Wonju Uni.Seaweed
Prof. W. H. Kang
Kangwon Uni.Agriculture
Prof. ChoiKorea Uni.Eco-Toilet
Prof. MichaelnaUSC
Renewable Energy and
Entrepreneurship
KRISO CoordinatorS. W. Kim
USP CoordinatorM. Toginga
Honorary Advisor(FP, Kiribati) A. Tong
1MW OTEC demonstration plant Installation for long term operation (2019~2020)
On-land OTEC
2016~2020/MOFOffshore OTEC
2020~2025
SWAC
Agri/aquaculture
Desalination
Power supply and cascade utilizationbased on 1MW OTEC plant operation
On-land OTEC
2016~2020/MOFOffshore OTEC
2020~2025
SWAC
Agri/aquaculture
Desalination