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OSPMadrid 21

patriomonio construido de Espane

John KunzWeek 9: 8 March

1Week 9: 8 March

AgendaAgenda• Comments on reading

– Norman: Emotional Design– Diamond: Guns, Germs and Steel - “Why did Europeans

reach and conquer … Americans, instead of vice versa?”– Zuitrun: La Construccion de Ciudades Vulnerables

• Course summary

3/8/2010Week 9: 8 March 2

Built environmentThe world’s fixed physical wealthp y– Buildings, plants, infrastructure– Physical systemsy y

• Water and sewage• Transportation• Energy production and transport• Telecommunications

3/8/2010Week 9: 8 March 3

Big IdeasBig Ideas

• Patriomonio construido: the inheritance from our predecessors of our built environment

• Architecture – Gives us memory and a sense of place– Balances practicality and art– Gives physical representation of a culture

3/8/20104Week 9: 8 March

Big IdeasBig Ideas

• Patriomonio construido: the inheritance from our predecessors of our built environment

• Architecture – Gives us memory and a sense of place– Balances practicality and art– Gives physical representation of a culture

• The emotional side of design may be more critical to a product’s success than its practical elements Normanpractical elements - Norman

3/8/2010Week 9: 8 March 5

NormanNorman

• Aspects of process of designAspects of process of design– Visceral: appearances [Function Form]– Behavioral: pleasure and effectiveness of use p

[Behavior]– Reflective: rationalization and intellectualization

(explain how and why) [our analysis of design and(explain how and why) [our analysis of design and use]

• Design must and does integrate cognition/Design must and does integrate cognition/ intellectual activity with emotion– New to Norman – a renowned cognitive psychologist

3/8/2010Week 9: 8 March 6

NormanNorman

• Color in now routine in movies, TV, computer monitors, , p– Black & White Color– Rationally, monochrome OK; emotionally, we love Color!

3/8/2010Week 9: 8 March 7

NormanNorman

• Cognitive science now has evidence that aesthetically g ypleasing objects and environments allow us to work better– Products and systems that make us feel good provide

b tt ltbetter results• “the emotional side of design may be more critical to a

product’s success than its practical elements.”product s success than its practical elements.

3/8/2010Week 9: 8 March 8

Big ideas (Diamond)Big ideas (Diamond)“why did Europeans reach and conquer the lands of Native y p q

Americans, instead of vice versa?”– “Why is it that you white people developed so much

cargo and brought it to New Guinea, but we blackcargo and brought it to New Guinea, but we black people had little cargo of our own?”

Diamond’s answer for the Americas (apparent in 1492): Guns germs and steelGuns, germs and steel– Vastly superior food production capability

• Secondary advantages in germs, technology, organizationI iti l ( 1492) ff t i i t t t d• Initial (~1492) effects remain very important today

3/8/2010Week 9: 8 March 9

Diamond: Why the (fixed physical) wealth of countries in the Americas < that of Eurasia

Domesticated large animals in 1492:

• Eurasia (13) • Americas (1)

Week 9: 8 March 10


Food quality today (% protein):

Eurasia• Local grain - wheat,

Americas• Local grain - Corn: 2Local grain wheat,

rice: 10 – 15%• Meat (beef,

Local grain Corn: 2 – 8%

( ,chicken): 25 – 28%

Week 9: 8 March 11


Germs in 1492:

Eurasia• Smallpox, measles,

Americas• NonsyphiliticSmallpox, measles,

flu, plague, tuberculosis, typhus,

Nonsyphilitic treponemas

cholera, malaria

Week 9: 8 March 12


Technology in 1492:

Eurasia• Tool Metals: Copper,

Americas• Tool Metals: -pp ,

iron, bronze• Military: swords,

daggers guns iron

• Military: clubs, axes, bows and arrows, canoesdaggers, guns, iron

armor, horses, ships• Power: large animals,

canoes• Power: human• Wheel: only as a toyg ,

water, wind, human• Wheel: important

Wheel: only as a toy• Writing: limited

Week 9: 8 March 13

• Writing: Widely important

Diamond: Why the (fixed physical) wealth of countries in the Americas < that of Eurasiain the Americas < that of Eurasia

Empires in 1492 that could tax, raise an army (find, invade d )and conquer)

Eurasia Americas• England, Spain,

Portugal, France, • Aztec, Inca

Holland, Sweden, Denmark

Week 9: 8 March 14

Diamond: Effects of the European invasion of the A iAmericas

• Populous Native Americans eliminated fromPopulous Native Americans eliminated from most temperate areas suitable for European food production and physiology

• Most massive demographic shift on any continent except Australia– All within past 500 years– Roots lie in developments between 11,000 BCE and

AD 1AD 1.

3/8/2010Week 9: 8 March 15

Big ideas (Diamond)Big ideas (Diamond)“why did Europeans reach and conquer the lands of Native y p q

Americans, instead of vice versa?”– “Why is it that you white people developed so much

cargo and brought it to New Guinea, but we blackcargo and brought it to New Guinea, but we black people had little cargo of our own?”

Diamond’s answer for the Americas (apparent in 1492): Vastly superior food production capabilityVastly superior food production capability– Secondary advantages in germs, technology,

organization– Initial (~1492) effects remain very important today

3/8/2010Week 9: 8 March 16

Zeitun: La Construccion de Ciudades V l blVulnerables

• Big idea: Con ello nuestra propuesta consiste en g p pque la vulnerabilidad es humana, en tanto la ciudad es fenomeno sociocultural, sin embargo, en el ultimo siglo lo que se hizo fue construir yen el ultimo siglo lo que se hizo fue construir y acumular la vulnerabilidad urbano. – Elsa Lily Caballero Zeituny– UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE HONDURAS, 2001

3/8/201017

La Vulnerabilidad UrbanaLa Vulnerabilidad Urbana

• Los anos 70 … la ciudad vivia en todo su apogeo, el d i b l i l t ti d lproceso de expansion urbana y la implementation del

Plan de Desarrollo Urbano … • Cambios politicos a nivel national, la crisisCambios politicos a nivel national, la crisis

economica, y los intereses particulares por encimade los intereses colectivos … no ofrece los serviciosbasicos necesarios a todos los ciudadanos y que 30basicos necesarios a todos los ciudadanos y que, 30 anos despues, aun no concluye la construccion del anillo inciniado en 1974.

3/8/201018


• Practica de vida … no siempre ha sido asi … los i t hi t i d l i d d h i dregistros historicos de la ciudad se hace mencion de

la buena convivencia entre vecinos, de la hospitalidad de los nativos, de las labores diarias de plimpieza de las amas de casa …

• En la memoria de las generaciones de la primeramitad del siglo XX aun se recuerda la vida del barriomitad del siglo XX, aun se recuerda la vida del barrio, las amistades, el colegio, los groupos de danzas, de musica …

3/8/201019

La Vulnerabilidad UrbanaLa Vulnerabilidad Urbana• Paradojicamente, la crisis urbana moderna de

Latinoamerica se inicio con los planes del desarrolloLatinoamerica, se inicio con los planes del desarrolloeconomico sustitutivo los planes de desarrollo urbano. En el momento en que el hormigon, el cemento y muchos

t i l d t i i t t d imateriales de construccion importantados se incorporaronal paisaje urbano, en ese mismo momento, la crisis urbana se agudizo …

• Desde el mismo momento en que se inciaron los procesos de modernizacion urbana, comenzaron los procesos de autoconstruccion de la ciudad informal, pdesde los anos 50 se coloco en el debate de lo urbano el tema de los barrios informales, clandestinos, tugurizados, ilegales, marginados, … feminizacion de la pobreza … en

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g , g , pmuy corto tiempo

20


• El proyecto de ciudad moderna del siglo XX fracasoi l i i t i lpor su origen, el crecimiento economico y el progreso

basado en él no construyeron la formula magica parala ciudad moderna, los cimientos de la ciudad moderna se construyeron sobre la pobreza y la exclusion social.

• La modernidad urbana se llevo a cabo bajo la• La modernidad urbana se llevo a cabo bajo la temeraria impudencia del consumo irracional … la ciudad moderna del desecho, los electrodomesticos, los automoviles, los edificios, las viviendas, todosproductos desechables, llevaron a la percepcion de que las personas tambien son desechables.

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que las personas tambien son desechables.

21

La Vulnerabilidad UrbanaLa Vulnerabilidad Urbana• La sobreviviencia en el ciudad elimino la cautela y la

prudencia de las acciones humanas frente al medio todoprudencia de las acciones humanas frente al medio, todoen el ciudad es un riesgo, asi que pasar la noche y pasarel dia ya es ganancia.

• La ciudad moderna se convierto en la antitesis de la ciudad, el mayor invento humano para protegerse del medio fisico adverso y protegerse ante al propiavulnerabilidad. La ciudad es una de las expresiones masfehacientes del dominio del hombre sobre la naturalezapara enfrentar su propia vulnerabilidad, la ciudad p p pmoderna, es un ejemplo mas crudo de como el dominioirracional del hombre sobre la naturaleza no solo afecta la calidad del ambiente natural, volviendo fragil, sino que

3/8/2010

, g , qatenta contra la misma humanidad.

22

La Vulnerabilidad UrbanaLa Vulnerabilidad Urbana• La vulnerabilidad urbana, aunque es un hecho social

generalizado no se percibe en la cotidianeidad no segeneralizado, no se percibe en la cotidianeidad, no se visualiza en el diario vivir de la personas, se vuelve visible solo en el momento en que se ve el dano (la muerte, las

f d d l h id l d t ) H t lenfermedades, las heridas, los desastres). Hasta que el dano se hace visible, es cuando se toma conciencia de la vulnerabilidad.

• Con ello nuestra propuesta consiste en que la vulnerabilidad es humana, en tanto la ciudad esvulnerabilidad es humana, en tanto la ciudad es fenomeno sociocultural, sin embargo, en el ultimo siglo lo que se hizo fue construir y acumular la vulnerabilidad urbano

3/8/2010

urbano.

23

Big IdeaBig Idea

We will (Course objectives are)We will (Course objectives are)• See the "built environment" of this place

where we now are privileged to live Spain where we now are privileged to live, Spain • Interpret what we see in light of

architecture theory, plus the history, architecture theory, plus the history, geography, and self-perceptions of the people, plus our feelings about what we see

3/8/2010Week 9: 8 March 24

Photo: Puerta de EuropaPhoto: Puerta de Europa

• These two leaning towers form a modern triumphal arch in Northern Madrid, open to the city, and symbolically reference such buildings in Paris and Pisa

3/8/2010Week 9: 8 March 25

reference such buildings in Paris and Pisa.

SketchSketch

• Window within window within window in the Museo de Picasso, a view into an intimate space within and

i it ti t ithi

3/8/2010Week 9: 8 March 26

an invitation to go within.

Formal symbolic model:from some perspective, e.g., occupanto so e pe spect e, e g , occupa t

Function (design intent):

Form (designed and built physical

Behaviors (predicted or observedintent): built physical

elements)or observed

performance)Show ancient and new forms of the

Ancient columns & walls modern windows

View opens to 3 viewed and a hidden spacenew forms of the

museumwalls, modern windows and a hidden space

Beauty (Classic) multiple arches and columns

Contrast of old and new; accessible human scale

Classical forms Arches, columns, rectangles, spaces

Grand in concept, accessible in scale

Sight line Sight line Striking because we normally cannot see through building

In ite f rther Vie s of internal spaces Compelling

Week 9: 8 March 27

Invite further exploration

Views of internal spaces Compelling

PatternsPatterns19. Web of shopping*21 Four story limit **

92. Bus stop*90. Ceiling height variety ** 94 Sleeping in public21. Four story limit

26. Life cycle*30 .Activity nodes**31. Promenade**40. Old people everywhere**54 R d i

94. Sleeping in public95. Building complex96. Number of stories*111. Half hidden garden*

54. Road crossing55. Raised walk*56. Bike paths and racks*57. Children in the city58. Carnival

g117. Sheltering roof ** 119. Arcades**125. Stair seats*129 Common areas at the heart**

59. Quiet backs*60. Accessible green**61. Small public squares**62. High places*66 Holy Ground*

129. Common areas at the heart141. Room of one’s own**159. Light on two sides of every room** 179. Alcoves**

66. Holy Ground*67. Common land**69. Public outdoor room**77. house for couple*88. Street café**

180. Window place** 163. Outdoor room**191. The (rectangular) shape of indoor space**205 Structure follows social specifications **

Week 9: 8 March 28

205. Structure follows social specifications 207. Good materials**250. Warm colors**

Method to use patternsMethod to use patterns

1. Start with list of all patterns2. Find one pattern that best describes your project3. Note related smaller patterns4 S l t t t d i ti f ll t d tt4. Select next most descriptive from all noted patterns 5. Exclude a pattern when in doubt6 Iterate 4-5 until you have all patterns you want6. Iterate 4-5 until you have all patterns you want7. Add own patterns8. Change patterns if you wantg p y

As in poetry, the most interesting spaces have many

3/8/2010

(harmonious) patternsWeek 9: 8 March 29

Personal vignettePersonal vignette• We visited the Gaudi Sagrada Familia. Standing

at the front of the building students lookedat the front of the building, students looked captivated by the sight -- a personal example of the power of architecture to inspire

3/8/2010

Week 9: 8 March 30

Architectural values:Concepts ancient; vocabulary changes

Vitruvius (Roman, c. 80–70 BCE - c. 15 BCE):

Ruskin (19th

century

Hearn; Downing:

This class design theory:) y

UK):y

Firmitas –firmness;

preservation! economic and geographic

Function –design intentfirmness;

structural stabilitygeographic appropriateness

design intent

Utilitas –commodity;

Sacrifice commodity of room

Form –designcommodity;

appropriate spatial accommodation

room arrangement;

design choices

Venustas -delight; attractive appearance

obedience efficiency of materials and methods

Behavior –measuredand

di t dpredicted

Week 9: 8 March 31

Big IdeaBig Idea

Buildings and their surroundings whichBuildings and their surroundings, which constitute the built environment, live in time: they evolve – more or less easily –time: they evolve more or less easily with the changing desires and needs of their owners and userstheir owners and users.

3/8/2010Week 9: 8 March 32

Brand framework: How Buildings LearnHow Buildings Learn

• Building parts evolve at different rates– Surroundings: [years]– Site: [many decades]– Structure: what holds up the building [many– Structure: what holds up the building [many

decades]– Services: water, electricity, phone, network [many

ears]years]– Skin: paint, windows, details [many years]– Space plan: use and configuration of spaces and p p g p

rooms [years]– Stuff: [daily]

3/8/2010Week 9: 8 March 33

Fil Hearn:G ti Pl i th b i f d iGenerative Planning as the basis of design

• Concern (> 1800): generate plans( ) g p• Focus: dwellings; private people• Viollet-le-Duc: plan must begin with the parlor: a space,

…– Change focus from built things (e.g., walls) to (emergent) spaces– Flow of spaces: public private most privateFlow of spaces: public private most private

3/8/2010Week 9: 8 March 34

Fil Hearn:G ti Pl i th b i f d iGenerative Planning as the basis of design

• Concern: “economy of means”y– Civil Engineering creates the world’s fixed physical

wealth, economically– Roman arch as a way to create opening– Gothic arch as a way to reach up

Baumann (20th c Chicago) Steel frame; non load– Baumann (20th c - Chicago) Steel frame; non-load-bearing curtain walls

3/8/2010Week 9: 8 March 35

Spaces, e.g., Roman templeSpaces, e.g., Roman temple

1. Podium (or base).2 Engaged column2. Engaged column.3. Freestanding column.4. Entrance steps.

3/8/2010

p

Week 9: 8 March 36

Modern view of spacesModern view of spaces

• Luis Kahn: working ≠ serviceLuis Kahn: working ≠ service

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Modern view of spaces > 1960Modern view of spaces 1960

• Richard Rogers Bajaras T4: grandRichard Rogers Bajaras T4: grand

3/8/2010Week 9: 8 March 38

Grounded theoryGrounded theory

• Method: create, read (and re-read) “fieldMethod: create, read (and re read) field notes” and "discover" or label variables (categories) and their interrelationships. ( g ) p– Ability to perceive variables and relationships

is "theoretical sensitivity" – Open coding: identify, name, categorize,

describe phenomena found in notes. • Essentially read each line sentence paragraph• Essentially, read each line, sentence, paragraph

etc. to answer repeated questions "what is this about? What is being referenced here?"

3/8/2010Week 9: 8 March 39

Grounded theory methodsGrounded theory methods• Create field notes, which include

1. Transcript of your interview (or thoughts)1. Transcript of your interview (or thoughts)2. Coding: patterns you find in notes3. Memos: comments (to yourself) on what you did,

how you did it how it seems to workhow you did it, how it seems to work• Observe and create first set of notes

– Create next set using vocabulary you previously d dcoded

• Identify Core category: (one) code that you find in all your notesy– Future observations and notes: code only for

core category, other related categories, and properties of both.

3/8/2010Week 9: 8 March 40

Grounded theory: MemosGrounded theory: Memos

• Comments to yourself about conjectures y jyou have about – Categories or propertiesg p p– Relationships between categories– Use literature (readings) to inform and refineUse literature (readings) to inform and refine

your memos

3/8/2010Week 9: 8 March 41

Q5: GTQ5: GT

• Transcript: host mom regarding my grandfather’s p g g y gapartment building. She said that it “a prime location” and “close to all the major sites.” … loved the greeneryand all the parks and trees that she played in “anand all the parks and trees that she played in. an intellectual and cultural center” … very classical features of the building … fits perfectly in to area.

• Coding: views, greener, trees, center, culture, location, sites, classical

• Memos: It would have been nice to visit the apartment• Memos: It would have been nice to visit the apartment building with my host mom and walk around the neighborhood just to hear her perspective on it although

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I didn’t even have to show her a picture of the building she knew exactly which one I was talking about.

Week 9: 8 March 42

Steele - Roots of sustainabilitySteele Roots of sustainability

• Ancient history – preserve; develop slowly: – American Indian culture for millennia; Spain?– My grandparents: very thrifty farmers

> I d t i l l ti d l i kl & d l t• > Industrial revolution – develop quickly & deplete

“black dragons” from the LasengmiaoWi i t L

3/8/2010Week 9: 8 March 43

black dragons from the Lasengmiao Power Plant , China, 2005, http://wattsupwiththat.com/2009/11/14/unbelievable-pollution-in-china-yet-the-us-is-the-baddie-at-copenhagen/

Wiping smog tears, Los Angeles, 1953.http://www.aqmd.gov/news1/Archives/History/50th_photos.htm

Steele: roots of sustainabilitySteele: roots of sustainability

• 1970s “Zero growth” – Population Bomb, Ehrlich – 1968– First Earth day – 1970

Li it t G th 1972– Limits to Growth - 1972 • 1980s Sustainability

– Brandt commission North – South – 1980Brandt commission North South 1980– Bruntland report Our Common Future promise of

environment and economic development - 1987• Discussion of values, standard of living

3/8/2010Week 9: 8 March 44

SustainabilitySustainability

• Sustainability now links economic developmentSustainability now links economic development with ecological (and now cultural) preservation – both economic development and ecology must and

have started to redefine their values more broadlyT d l ith i d fi it l ti i th– To develop either indefinitely over time requires the other

• Fundamentally an ethical question: how do weFundamentally an ethical question: how do we want to care for those who are yet unborn?

3/8/2010Week 9: 8 March 45

Flessig - Smart Growth objectives: long-term health of existingcommunities --economically, environmentally, socially

• minimize impacts of new development (public p p (pinfrastructure costs, congestion, air pollution, loss of agriculture land, etc.);

• provide greater accessibility and choices in how we moveprovide greater accessibility and choices in how we move about from home, work, shopping and leisure activities;

• stabilize and improve the long-term financial performance for commercial and home o nersfor commercial and home owners;

• maximize the return from public investments in existing and new roads, schools, utilities, transit systems, bridges, waterways, etc;

• protect natural habitat and watersheds for the future; and• foster a greater sense of connection responsibility and

3/8/2010

• foster a greater sense of connection, responsibility and continuity for citizens with their communities.

Week 9: 8 March 46

Critical components bi t “S t B f th B k”biggest “Smart-Bang-for-the-Buck”

1 . PROXIMITY TO EXISTING/FUTURE DEVELOPMENT AND INFRASTRUCTURE;

2 . MIX AND BALANCE OF USES;3 . SITE OPTIMIZATION AND COMPACTNESS;;4 . ACCESSIBILITY AND MOBILITY CHOICES;5 . COMMUNITY CONTEXT AND SITE DESIGN;6 FINED GRAINED BLOCK PEDESTRIAN AND PARK NETWORK;6 . FINED-GRAINED BLOCK, PEDESTRIAN AND PARK NETWORK;7 . ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY;8 . DIVERSITY;9 . RE-USE AND REDEVELOPMENT OPTIONS;10. PROCESS COLLABORATION AND PREDICTABILITY OF

DECISIONS

3/8/2010Week 9: 8 March 47

Down at the Mall: GoldbergerDown at the Mall: Goldberger

• The new World War II Memorial on the Mall inThe new World War II Memorial on the Mall in Washington seems to want to be majestic, but it’s really an opulent, overbuilt civic plaza.

3/8/2010 Week 9: 8 March48

http://www.majestytoursllc.com/images/national-world-war-ii-memorial.jpghttp://www.fcnl.org/intern_blog/uploaded_images/natww2memorial-706854.jpg

Down at the Mall: GoldbergerDown at the Mall: Goldberger

• Few war memorials evoke deep, gut-wrenching emotion. p, g gMaya Lin’s astonishingly simple Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington does.Th l i th f l i t t l b it i h• The pool is the focal point, not only because it is huge and occupies the center of the plaza but because its newly restored fountains give the memorial much of its visual energy—what there is of it. The fountains and the curving granite ramps and the sculpted granite benches beneath them overwhelm the most sober aspect of thebeneath them overwhelm the most sober aspect of the memorial,

3/8/2010Week 9: 8 March 49

Rybczynski, City Life: Urban Expectations i N W ldin a New World

Why aren’t our cities like that?y• European cities seem like beautiful architectural

museums…– Symmetry, vista, grand gesture, order

• Our cities seem like unfinished building sites where each generation tries its handwhere each generation tries its hand– Ring suburbs, defined downtown of high rises– American cities the stage for ordinary peopleg y p p

3/8/2010Week 9: 8 March 50

Rybczynski - CityRybczynski CityTown types (Lynch)

1 C i b li W hi t DC1. Cosmic or symbolic: Washington, DC2. Practical (Spanish Laws of the Indies): orthogonal

gridg3. Organic (London, Boston)4. Automobile (Los Angeles)

Citi f th A iCities of the Americas– Practical– Trees as elements of urban sceneTrees as elements of urban scene– Domesticity: early 19th century idea that interiors

support public and private realms of “home and family” space of moral purity protected by

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family space of moral purity protected by women from harsh world outside.

Rybczynski - CityRybczynski CityCosmic or symbolic: • Religious, e.g., city as mandala in India• Symbolic – e.g., American value of

separation of powers Washington DCseparation of powers, Washington, DC– Executive (White House), legislative (capital)

separated but connectedp

3/8/2010Week 9: 8 March 52

Rybczynski - CityRybczynski CityPractical

O th l id M t i 1573 S i h• Orthogonal grid: Mesopotamia 1573 Spanish Laws of the Indies (Americas)

– Grid. Most interesting when intersects nature, e.g., SF– Orientation, typically East-West– Zoning: residences separate from slaughterhouses – Central plaza with colonizing institution as focus, e.g.,

royal building, church, town hall • Devoted to and celebrating commerce

3/8/2010Week 9: 8 March 53

Rybczynski - CityRybczynski CityOrganic (London, Boston)

L t t l t d• Layout natural, not man-made• Streets vary in width, wander• Post 1666 fire separates residential, businessPost 1666 fire separates residential, business

American commercial downtown

3/8/2010Week 9: 8 March 54

Rybczynski - CityRybczynski City

Auto (Houston, Phoenix)• Pragmatic, like organic, to enable

mobility by car• Vast spread

3/8/2010Week 9: 8 March 55


• Cities in the Americas– Liberal use of space (we are stingy w/time, liberal

w/space)Large plots– Large plots

– Broad streets– Dependence on landscaping, especially treesp p g, p y– Main street mixture of private, commercial– Urban sufficiency

S l & di– Secular & diverse– Domesticity: importance of home– Subject to abandonment decay

3/8/2010

Subject to abandonment, decay

Week 9: 8 March 56


City as artCity as art• City Beautiful movement ~1900• Frederick Law OlmsteadFrederick Law Olmstead• Large scale urban intervention• Modern multi office practice: organization &• Modern multi-office practice: organization &

process• Campus a focus• Campus a focus

3/8/2010Week 9: 8 March 57


AmericasParis• Socially fragmented• Recklessly entrepreneurial• Lack defined centers

• Clear, continuing aesthetic vision, based on• Symmetry, vistas, urban Lack defined centers

• Based on automobile culture• Stage for ordinary people:

family small business

y y, ,axis, grand gestures

• National leadership -- over time• No suburban rings family, small business

• Uncommitted populations move frequently(S i i ) ti i

No suburban rings • Center is symbolic, not

business• Relative uniformity of building • (Surprising) optimism• Relative uniformity of building

heights• Stable, committed population

over time

Week 9: 8 March 58

over time

Big IdeaBig Idea

Design psychology can help us understand what we d isee and experience

– Our sense of self and sense of environment are intimately and profoundly relatedy p y

– Seeds of this connection come from early childhood

3/8/2010Week 9: 8 March 59

Israel, Some Place Like HomeIsrael, Some Place Like Home

Intuitions• Our sense of self and sense of environment are intimately and

profoundly related• Seeds of this connection come from early childhood• Seeds of this connection come from early childhood• Sense of self-place connection

– evolves over our livesshaped b ph sical realit and emotional meaning– shaped by physical reality and emotional meaning

– We can become conscious of its personal emotional meaning• Consciousness can help us create fulfilling places • Designers have responsibility to us

– Self-aware designers are better

3/8/2010Week 9: 8 March 60

Israel, Some Place Like Homet lon travel

…we feel a thrill when we travel and encounter a place that is new, different, unexplained. … as in childhood, we again perceive the world

d iaround us as an entirety, as a sensory experience of unlabeled, unfamiliar sights, sounds and smells which we can absorb in ansounds, and smells, which we can absorb in an unedited way – not just as signs or symbols.

3/8/2010Week 9: 8 March 61


Four forms of childhood place attachmentp• Affection – family, love, affection• Transcendence – unforgettable

A bi l d f h i d i h• Ambivalence – tenderness for home mixed with vulnerability

• Realization – place invested with elaborateRealization place invested with elaborate national, religious, racial values

Ad l ’ f i l l iAdults’ favorite locales are environments controlled, manipulated or recreated by them as children

3/8/2010Week 9: 8 March 62


A vocabulary (coded?) to help describe a mental map, from y ( ) p pImage of the city – Lynch

• Paths [11/52] – pedestrian or car• Edges [15] boundaries• Edges [15] – boundaries• Landmarks [24/61] – simply defined objects that tell

people where they are• Nodes [16/99] – transitions, e.g., terminals• Districts [12] – large areas

• [Related pattern(s) of Alexander]

3/8/2010Week 9: 8 March 63

Rybczynski Home: h15th C room: St. Jerome, per Durer

• Houses full of people: parents, children, servants, apprentices, relatives

• Privacy, sanitation unknown• Room served multiple functions: eat,

work, sleep, prepare food, talk, …• Services primitive: candles, fireplace p , p

only in main room• Amenities simple

– Little furniture e g table benchesLittle furniture, e.g., table, benches used for multiple functions

– No book case or trash can…never throw away paper

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throw away paperhttp://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pd/a/albrecht_d%C3%BCrer,_st_jerome_in_h.aspx

Medieval homes (pre-18th C): S f i t it f di l hSense of meaning austerity of medieval homes

• Primitive + refined:– Rich tapestries, poor heat– Luxurious clothing, plain benches

• Medieval concept of “function”– (Inseparable) support of cultural mores and utility– Attributes have symbolic meaning, e.g., colors, shapeleave unchanged the features of a seat, e.g., shape

and comfort: lacks meaning (reality) or when it doesand comfort: lacks meaning (reality), or when it does, to preserve cultural traditions

• Meaning comes from relationship to external (divinely

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ordered) world, not personalNo room of one one’s own; comfort not needed 65

Medieval homes: S f i t it f di l hSense of meaning austerity of medieval homes

• 16th C: Domestic arrangements start to changeg g– Parents share bed w/infants– Older children

• stay home, go to school (do not go away to apprentice)have separate room in family house• have separate room in family house

– Emergence of privacy, intimacy• 18th C:18 C:

– fixed function furniture emerges, e.g., table, side chair, bed

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– Household technologies: water supply, (stove) heat66

First modern homesFirst modern homes• Holland, post 1609 separation from Spain

– Wealthy (relatively)– Townspeople: merchants, factory, shipping business– Freedom from traditional cultureFreedom from traditional culture

• modern home, with its– Physical house– Surroundings: garden, street, community– Neighbors

Satisfaction and contentment from all together– Satisfaction and contentment from all together– Separated public and private (bedroom) spaces

• Domesticity: set of emotions, from family, intimacy,

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devotion to home, sense that home embodies emotions– Feminine achievement (Lukacs) 67

American contribution to modern homesAmerican contribution to modern homes

• Comfort in both leisure and work – to the people who k d thworked there … women

– Catherine Beecher Treatise on Domestic EconomyReact to male concept of house as preserve (for men)– React to male concept of house as preserve (for men) to relax

– Build on idea of home as a dynamic place where people work and live

• Focus of home drawing room kitchenFi d f it / h l bi t b k• Fixed furniture w/purpose: shelves, cabinets, book case, sideboard, windows, drain board, sink, refrigerator

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g• First “bathroom” with toilet + tub, American, 1850

68

Patriomonio construido broader contextPatriomonio construido broader context

• Sustainability: th it tthe capacity to endure and remain diverse and productive over time.

• Patrimony: the• Patrimony: the inheritance from our predecessors of our environment(s)

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environment(s)

Week 9: 8 March 69http://www.mav.cl/patrimonio/contenidos/tipos.htm

For you and your generationFor you and your generation ….

Generations of growth VulnerabilityGenerations of growth• Patrimony of growth• Theory and practice

Vulnerability• Physics and entropy• Social neglectTheory and practice

• Wealth and idealism Social neglect

• Natural and social limits

Week 9: 8 March 70

Big IdeaBig Idea

We will (Course objectives are)We will (Course objectives are)• See the "built environment" of this place

where we now are privileged to live Spain where we now are privileged to live, Spain • Interpret what we see in light of

architecture theory, plus the history, architecture theory, plus the history, geography, and self-perceptions of the people, plus our feelings about what we see

3/8/2010Week 9: 8 March 71

+•

Δ•

Week 9: 8 March 72

Documents

OSPMadrid 21 - Stanford Universitykunz/Madrid21/BOSP21W9.pdf• El proyecto de ciudad moderna del siglo XX fracaso por su origen, el crecii timiento economico y el progreso basado