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AW101OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
AND HEALTH 1Chapter 1:
Introduction To OSHA
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COURSE OBJECTIVES
Define the concept of occupational safetyand health.
Explain the history of occupational safetyand health.
Explain the importance of safety in theworkplace.
Describe the major safety terminologies.
Classify types of accident.
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INTRODUCTION
Occupational
safety and health
(OSH) is a basichuman right for
safety at
workplace
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WARNINGDONT WATCH THIS IF YOU HAVE
A WEAK HEART!
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But Some accident is just our ownfault
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CONCEPTS OF OCCUPATIONALSAFETY AND HEALTH
Accident prevention is an essential part of good
management and workmanship
Management and workers must cooperate
Top management must take the lead
A define and known safety and health policy
Organization and resources to achieve policy
Best available knowledge and methods
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HISTORY OF OCCUPATIONALSAFETY AND HEALTH
Until 1970, there were no national laws for safety
and health hazards
Several tragedies had occurred
The 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire in New York
City killed 146 of 500 employees
Production for World War I caused a crisis in workplace
safety and health conditions.
By the 1960s, 14,000 workers died every year and morethan 2.2 million workers were not able to work from
injuries and illnesses
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HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENTOF OSHA IN MALAYSIA
The Era of Boiler Safety- Before 1914
Around 1890s Perak state government
elected a personnel expertise in steam boiler
and was given a license as boiler surveyor
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HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENTOF OSHA IN MALAYSIA
The era of machinery safety- 1914 to
1962
On 1 January 1914, all the steam boilerenactments was replaced with Machinery
Enactment.
The inspector inspects the steam boiler and any
other machinery such as internal combustionengine, water turbine and any other auxiliary
installation involved
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HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENTOF OSHA IN MALAYSIA
The era of industrial safety- 1953 to 1967
All the machinery enactment used before
1953 was then replaced with Ordinal 1953.
The role of an inspector has expanded from
only inspecting the steam boiler to the safety
of workers in factories that uses machinery.
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HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENTOF OSHA IN MALAYSIA
The era of industrial safety and health-
1970 to 1994
Akta Kilang dan Jentera (Factories andMachinery Act ) 1970was approved by the
parliaments.
To solve all the shortcoming of the Machine
Ordinal 1953, as the workers in a workplacewithout machine previously are now being
protected under the new Acts.
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HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENTOF OSHA IN MALAYSIA
The era of occupational safety and
health- 1994 onwards
Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) wasenacted in 1994
FMA 1967 emphasis on safety while OSHA 1994
emphasis on addressing health hazards in the
workplace
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IMPORTANCE OF SAFETY IN THEWORKPLACE
Employees can remain motivated if they
feel safe and happy
Formation and implementation of safetyprograms that are meant to teach the
employees to handle risks
Violence at workplace
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MAJOR SAFETYTERMINOLOGIES
Accident- An unplanned unexpected eventwhich may result in loss, injury or damage
Code of Practice- A body of rules for Practical
Guidance only and not having the force of lawalthough failure to comply may be used inevidence in legal proceedings.
Ergonomics- The study of relationship betweenworkers and their occupation, equipment and
environment and particularly, the application ofanatomical, physiological and psychologicalknowledge to the problems arising there from.
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MAJOR SAFETYTERMINOLOGIES
Fire Precautions- The measures taken and the fireprotection features provided in a building (e.g. design,systems, equipment and procedures) to minimize the riskto the occupants from and outbreak of fire.
Fire Prevention- The concept of preventing outbreaks offire, of reducing the risk of fire spreading and avoidingdanger to persons and property from fire.
First Aid- The skilled application of accepted principles oftreatment on the occurrence of an accident or in the case
of sudden illness, using facilities or materials available atthe time.
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MAJOR SAFETYTERMINOLOGIES
Hazard- The exposed danger, a condition or practice withpotential for loss. A situation that may give rise to personalinjury or asset damage or both.
Manual Handling- Any means of transporting or
supporting a load manually. Lift, putting down, pushing,pulling, carrying or moving by hand of bodily force.
Means of Escape- Structural means whereby a safe routeis provided for persons to travel unaided from any point in abuilding to a place of safety
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MAJOR SAFETYTERMINOLOGIES
Near Miss- An incident, which does not show a visibleresult, but had the potential to do so.
Policy- A statement of corporate intent, which will beadopted and pursued as advantageous or expedient.
Qualified Worker- One who is accepted as having thenecessary physical attributes, who possesses the requiredintelligence, training and education, and has acquired thenecessary skill and knowledge to carry out the work inhand to satisfactory standards of safety, quantity and
quality.
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MAJOR SAFETYTERMINOLOGIES
Reasonably Practicable- A computation made in whichthe quantum of risk is placed on one scale, and thedisadvantages involved in the measure necessary ofaverting the risk is placed upon the other. A balancebetween: risk and cost, inconvenience, effect onproduction.
Risk Assessment- A process where hazards are identifiedand risks evaluated, with the objective of eliminating orreducing the risks as low as reasonably practicable.
Safety Audit- Monitoring of the implementation of a safety
policy by subjecting each area of an activity to a systematiccritical examination with the purpose of minimizing loss,and providing a quantified assessment of performance
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MAJOR SAFETYTERMINOLOGIES
Safety Inspection- Systematic assessment of
safety standards for plant, place of work,
working. Carried out by a manager and not a
safety adviser/engineer.
Safety Monitoring- Periodic checks on
observance of corporate safety standards and
procedures.
Workplace- The workplace may be described
as any place where people are at work
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TYPES OF ACCIDENT
Accident happens
mostly due by two
major causes: Unsafe condition at the
workplace
Unsafe act done by a
person or a group
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Thank
you forbeing
SAFE