PageWeekly Fatality (and Catastrophe) Report 1OSHA Poster 2MSDS (now SDS) - (HAZCOM) 3Your Rights as a Whistleblower 4-5Refusing to Work in Dangerous Conditions 6Recordkeeping (OSHA’s Form 300) 7Who has to pay for the PPE? 8-9How do I read the OSHA standards? 10Resources 11Navigating www.OSHA.gov 12Identifying Hazards! 13Complaint Scenarios - Filing a Complaint 14-16Focus 4: Struck-by ~ Caught-Between ~ Falls ~ Electrocution 17-20Fatal Facts: Aerial Lift ~ Excavation ~ Scaffold 21-23Ergonomics - Back Injuries 24Crystalline Silica 25-26Fire Safety 27-28Machine Guarding ~ Power Tools ~ Bloodborne Pathogens 29JSA 30

www.osha.gov 800-321-OSHA (6742)

www.StevenStLaurent.com, Inc. OSHA Training that doesn't bore you to death in English, Portuguese or Spanish!Nationwide Onsite, Online and via Webinar!" OSHA 10 & 30; LO/TO; Confined Space; Fork, Aerial & Scissor Lifts" First Aid, CPR, AED, Bloodborne Pathogens" HAZWOPER" Lead RRP" more…19 Pierce Ave., Suite C #16Fitchburg, MA 01420Office:  978-537-6335spanishOSHAguy@StevenStLaurent.com

OSHA 10 & 30-hr Outreach TrainingTABLE OF CONTENTS

HANDOUT #1Weekly Fatality/Catastrophe Report

1

Weekly Fatality/Catastrophe Report SAMPLE of Actual Report

This table contains the weekly summaries of fatalities and catastrophes resulting in the hospitalization of threeor more workers. Employers must report these incidents to OSHA within eight hours. The summaries belowinclude only preliminary information, as reported to OSHA Area Offices or to States which operate OSHA-approved State Plans. The fatalities listed here include only those that initially appear to be work-related, butexcludes fatalities that do not appear to be work-related, such as an apparent heart attack of a sedentaryworker. OSHA investigates all work-related fatalities and catastrophes. After OSHA's investigation is complete,these reports will be updated with inspection results and citation information.

Weekly Summary (Federal and State data tabulated week ending Dec 25, 2009)FATALITIES

Date of Incident Company and Location Preliminary Description of Incident12/17/2009 Manion & Associates, Inc.,

Brandenburg, KY 40108

Two workers were doing road surveying each on either side of the

road. A civilian driver came over the hill and suddenly applied his

brakes, even though no person, equipment, or car was in the

road. This caused his car to spin off the road, running over one of

the workers.

12/17/2009 TBM, Inc.,

Visalia, CA 93277

Worker fell from a ladder while working inside an airplane.

12/18/2009 Pro-Tech Contracting of Georgia

LLC,

Lawrenceville, GA

Worker was securing tarp on a roof (not wearing fall protection,

although it was available) and fell 35 feet to lower level.

12/18/2009 Sonoma Compost Company, LLC,

Petaluma, CA 94952

Worker was on ground when he was run over by a front loader.

12/19/2009 Auto Zone Store,

Oakland, CA 94603

Security guard worker was shot three times during robbery. The

assailants took his weapon.

12/20/2009 Gateco,

Newbery Park, CA 91360

Worker, who is the owner, was doing electrical work and fell

through the skylight. (No inspection planned)

12/20/2009 Premier Asphalt and Masonry,

Inc.,

Coram, NY 11727

Worker was found in vehicle with engine running; carbon

monoxide over exposure.

12/21/2009 County of Los Angeles - Office of

Education,

Downey, CA 90242

Worker was found unconscious in her cubicle by a janitor.

(Inspection planned)

12/21/2009 Country Club Auto Repair, Inc.,

Lake Charles, LA 70305

Worker was repairing a roof insulation and fell 14 feet to the

ground.

12/21/2009 Estes Express Lines,

Seekonk, MA 02771

Worker was crushed between the forklift he was operating and a

concrete bollard next to the loading dock door after stepped off

the forklift.

12/21/2009 Kenvelm, Inc. dba KE Beal

Company,

Cape Coral, FL 33919

Worker was part of a four man tree trimming crew and was in the

process of cutting down a 25-foot palm tree. Worker walked into

the path of the falling tree and was struck by the tree.

12/22/2009 3 ML Construction Company, Inc.,

Methuen, MA

Worker was installing shingles and moving planks on a roof and

fell 20' 6" from the roof to a driveway below.

IMS Company Old Bull Mold Grease Page 1 of 4 Validation Date: Material Safety Data Sheet L-0036-L0040 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————— Section 1 – PRODUCT AND COMPANY INFORMATION Manufacturer IMS Company Emergency Phone 800-424-9300 10373 Stafford Road Prepared by Product Safety Advisor

Chagrin Falls, OH 44023-5296 Prepared/Revised April 19, 2006 WEB imscompany.com E-mail sales@imscompany.com

Item Number Size Former Item Number 107320 2 ounce jar SAG1-OB500-2 107439 14 ounce cartridge SAG1-OB500-14C 105998 16 ounce jar SAG1-OB500-16 107526 8 pounds, 1 gallon pail SAG1-OB500-1G

107433 42 pounds, 5 gallon pail SAG1-OB500-5G Hazardous Material Information System

H ealth 1 F lammability 1 R eactivity 1 P rotection X 0 Normal use Material 0 Will Not Burn 0 Stable X = Consult the 1 Slight Hazard (temporary) 1 Possible to Burn 1 Unstable if Heated MSDS and 2 Health Affected (lengthy) 2 Burns if Heated 2 Violent Chemical Change your supervisor 3 Extreme Danger 3 Easily Burns 3 Shock and Heat Sensitive for your special 4 Severe or Fatal 4 Very Easily Burns 4 May Explode workplace need * Chronic (Accumulates) NOTE The HMIS may not be enough hazard information for this chemical in all workplaces. The HMIS system requires mployee training about the system and about information in this MSDS. e

Section 2 – INGREDIENTS INFORMATION #

C

hemical/Common Name C

AS-Number % P

EL-OSHA T

LV-ACGIH

1 1-Decene homopolymer 68037-01-4 70 to 90 5mg/m3 5mg/m3 2 Organophillic clay 68953-58-2 5 to 25 10 mg/m3 (4) 0.1 mg/m3 (4) 3 Polytetrafluoroethylene 9002-84-0 0.1 to 10 (1) (3) (1) (3) 4 Methylene bis dithiocarbonate 10254-57-6 0.1 to 10 (1) 5 mg/m3 5 Zinc oxide (2) 1314-13-2 0.1 to 10 5mg/m3 5mg/m3

(1) Not Established (2) Subject to SARA Title III Section 313 reporting requirements. (3) Manufacturer's exposure level is 5mg/m3 for respirable dust. (4) As respirable quartz.

T his product Does Not Contain carcinogens according to NTP, IARC, or OSHA.

Section 3 – HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION E MERGENCY OVERVIEW Small amount (very thick material) is not expected to cause any emergency condition. H EALTH EFFECTS (Acute and Chronic)

Nose No vapors expected. Vapors from elevated temperatures may cause respiratory irritation, harmful if spirated into lungs. Vapors from over 400º F (204º C) may cause “Fume Fever.” a

Mouth M ay be harmful if swallowed. Possible irritation, nausea, or diarrhea.

Eyes M inimal irritation, tearing, reddening, or swelling. Avoid prolonged contact.

Skin May irritate skin. Avoid long-term contact. Prolonged contact may result in defatting, drying which may lead to irritation, dermatitis, allergic reaction. If injected under skin (with a high pressure grease gun),

ecrosis could result. n

Chronic N

ot available

P RIMARY ROUTES OF ENTRY Skin, Eye MEDICAL CONDITIONS AGGRAVATED BY EXPOSURE Preexisting skin, and eye disorders could be aggravated

y exposure to this type of product. b

• Denying benefits• Failing to hire or rehire• Intimidation• Reassignment affecting promotion prospects• Reducing pay or hours

Filing a ComplaintIf you believe that your employer retaliated againstyou because you exercised your legal rights as anemployee, contact your local OSHA office as soon aspossible, because you must file your complaint withinthe legal time limits. OSHA conducts an in-depthinterview with each complainant to determinewhether to conduct an investigation. For more infor-mation, call your closest OSHA Regional Office:

• Boston (617) 565-9860• NewYork (212) 337-2378• Philadelphia (215) 861-4900• Atlanta (404) 562-2300• Chicago (312) 353-2220• Dallas (972) 850-4145• Kansas City (816) 283-8745• Denver (720) 264-6550• San Francisco (415) 625-2547• Seattle (206) 553-5930

Addresses, fax numbers and other contact informa-tion for these offices can be found on OSHA’s website,www.osha.gov, and in local directories. Some com-plaints must be filed in writing and some may be filedverbally (call your local OSHA office for assistance).Written complaints may be filed by mail (we recom-mend certified mail), fax, or hand-delivered duringbusiness hours. The date postmarked, faxed or hand-delivered is considered the date filed.

If retaliation for protected activity relating to occupa-tional safety and health issues takes place in a statethat operates an OSHA-approved state plan, the com-plaint should be filed with the state agency, althoughpersons in those states may file with Federal OSHA atthe same time. Although the Occupational Safety and

Whistleblower Laws Enforced by OSHAEach law requires that complaints be filed within acertain number of days after the alleged retaliation.

You may file complaints by telephone or in writingunder the:• Occupational Safety and Health Act (30 days)• SurfaceTransportation Assistance Act

(180 days)• Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act

(90 days)• International Safe Container Act (60 days)• Federal Rail Safety Act (180 days)• NationalTransit Systems Security Act (180 days)

Under the following laws, complaints must be filed inwriting:• Clean Air Act (30 days)• Comprehensive Environmental Response,

Compensation and Liability Act (30 days)• Energy Reorganization Act (180 days)• Federal Water Pollution Control Act (30 days)• Pipeline Safety Improvement Act (180 days)• Safe Drinking Water Act (30 days)• Sarbanes-Oxley Act (90 days)• Solid Waste Disposal Act (30 days)• Toxic Substances Control Act (30 days)• Wendell H. Ford Aviation Investment and Reform

Act for the 21st Century (90 days)

Unfavorable Personnel ActionsYour employer may be found to have retaliatedagainst you if your protected activity was a contribut-ing or motivating factor in its decision to take unfa-vorable personnel action against you.Such actions may include:• Firing or laying off• Blacklisting• Demoting• Denying overtime or promotion• Disciplining

FactSheetYour Rights as a WhistleblowerYou may file a complaint with OSHA if your employer retaliates against you by taking unfa-vorable personnel action because you engaged in protected activity relating to workplacesafety and health, commercial motor carrier safety, pipeline safety, air carrier safety,nuclear safety, the environment, asbestos in schools, corporate fraud, SEC rules orregulations, railroad carrier safety or security, or public transportation agency safetyor security.

Handout #4

1

Health Act covers only private sector employees, stateplans also cover state and local government employ-ees. For details, see http://www.osha.gov/fso/osp/index.html.

How OSHA Determines Whether RetaliationTook PlaceThe investigation must reveal that:• The employee engaged in protected activity;• The employer knew about the protected activity;• The employer took an adverse action; and• The protected activity was the motivating factor (or

under some laws, a contributing factor) in the deci-sion to take the adverse action against the employee.

If the evidence supports the employee’s allegationand a settlement cannot be reached, OSHA will issuean order requiring the employer to reinstate theemployee, pay back wages, restore benefits, andother possible remedies to make the employee whole.

Limited Protections for EmployeesWho Refuse to WorkYou have a limited right under the OSH Act to refuseto do a job because conditions are hazardous. Youmay do so under the OSH Act only when (1) youbelieve that you face death or serious injury (and thesituation is so clearly hazardous that any reasonableperson would believe the same thing); (2) you havetried to get your employer to correct the condition,and there is no other way to do the job safely; and (3)the situation is so urgent that you do not have time toeliminate the hazard through regulatory channelssuch as calling OSHA.

Regardless of the unsafe condition, you are not pro-tected if you simply walk off the job. For details, seehttp://www.osha.gov/as/opa/worker/refuse.html. OSHAcannot enforce union contracts or state laws that giveemployees the right to refuse to work.

Whistleblower Protections intheTransportation IndustryEmployees whose jobs directly affect commercialmotor vehicle safety are protected from retaliation bytheir employers for refusing to violate or for reporting

violations of Department of Transportation (DOT)motor carrier safety standards or regulations, or refus-ing to operate a vehicle because of such violations orbecause they have a reasonable apprehension ofdeath or serious injury.

Similarly, employees of air carriers, their contractorsor subcontractors who raise safety concerns or reportviolations of FAA rules and regulations are protectedfrom retaliation, as are employees of owners andoperators of pipelines, their contractors and subcon-tractors who report violations of pipeline safety rulesand regulations. Employees involved in internationalshipping who report unsafe shipping containers arealso protected. In addition, employees of railroad car-riers or public transportation agencies, their contrac-tors or subcontractors who report safety or securityconditions or violations of federal rules and regula-tions relating to railroad or public transportation safe-ty or security are protected from retaliation.

Whistleblower Protections forVoicing Environmental ConcernsA number of laws protect employees who report vio-lations of environmental laws related to drinkingwater and water pollution, toxic substances, solidwaste disposal, air quality and air pollution, asbestosin schools, and hazardous waste disposal sites. TheEnergy Reorganization Act protects employees whoraise safety concerns in the nuclear power industryand in nuclear medicine.

Whistleblower Protections When ReportingCorporate FraudEmployees who work for publicly traded companiesor companies required to file certain reports with theSecurities and Exchange Commission are protectedfrom retaliation for reporting alleged mail, wire, orbank fraud; violations of rules or regulations of theSEC, or federal laws relating to fraud against share-holders.

More InformationTo obtain more information on whistleblower laws,go to www.osha.gov, and click on the link for“Whistleblower Protection.”

This is one in a series of informational fact sheets highlighting OSHA programs, policies orstandards. It does not impose any new compliance requirements. For a comprehensive list ofcompliance requirements of OSHA standards or regulations, refer to Title 29 of the Code of FederalRegulations. This information will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request.The voice phone is (202) 693-1999; teletypewriter (TTY) number: (877) 889-5627.

U.S. Department of Laborwww.osha.gov

(800) 321-OSHA

For more complete information:

DEP 11/2007

Handout #4

2

HANDOUT #5Refusing to Work because Conditions are Dangerous

Source: http://www.osha.gov/as/opa/worker/refuse.html

Workers have the right to refuse to do a job if they believe in good faith that theyare exposed to an imminent danger. "Good faith" means that even if an imminentdanger is not found to exist, the worker had reasonable grounds to believe that it didexist.

The United States Supreme Court, in the Whirlpool case, issued the landmark rulingwhich more clearly defined a worker's right to refuse work where an employee hasreasonable apprehension that death or serious injury or illness might occur as aresult of performing the work. However, as a general rule, you do not have theright to walk off the job because of unsafe conditions.

REFUSING WORK IS PROTECTED IF:Your right to refuse to do a task isprotected if ALL of the followingconditions are met:9 Where possible, you have askedthe employer to eliminate thedanger, and the employer failed todo so; and

9 You refused to work in "goodfaith." This means that you mustgenuinely believe that animminent danger exists. Yourrefusal cannot be a disguisedattempt to harass your employeror disrupt business; and

9 A reasonable person would agreethat there is a real danger ofdeath or serious injury; and

9 There isn't enough time, due tothe urgency of the hazard, to getit corrected through regularenforcement channels, such asrequesting an OSHA inspection.

CONDITIONS ARE MET, NEXT STEPS:When all of these conditions are met,you take the following steps:9 Ask your employer to correct thehazard;

9 Ask your employer for other work;9 Tell your employer that you won'tperform the work unless and untilthe hazard is corrected; and

9 Remain at the worksite untilordered to leave by youremployer.

The table below offers a few “IF/THEN” scenarios to follow.

IF THENYou believe working conditions are unsafeor unhealthful.

Call your employer's attention to theproblem.

Your employer does not correct the hazardor disagrees with you about the extent ofthe hazard.

You may file a complaint with OSHA.

Your employer discriminates against youfor refusing to perform the dangerouswork.

Contact OSHA immediately.

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Handout #6

HANDOUT #7Employers Must Provide and Pay for PPE

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires that employers protect youfrom workplace hazards that can cause injury or illness. Controlling a hazard at its source is thebest way to protect workers. However, when engineering, work practice and administrativecontrols are not feasible or do not provide sufficient protection, employers must provide personalprotective equipment (PPE) to you and ensure its use.

PPE is equipment worn to minimize exposure to a variety of hazards. Examples include itemssuch as gloves, foot and eye protection, protective hearing protection (earplugs, muffs), hard hatsand respirators.

Employers Must Pay for Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

On May 15, 2008, a new OSHA rule about employer payment for PPE went into effect. With fewexceptions, OSHA now requires employers to pay for personal protective equipment used tocomply with OSHA standards. The final rule does not create new requirements regarding whatPPE employers must provide.

The standard makes clear that employers cannot require workers to providetheir own PPE and the worker’s use of PPE they already own must becompletely voluntary. Even when a worker provides his or her own PPE, theemployer must ensure that the equipment is adequate to protect the workerfrom hazards at the workplace.

Examples of PPE that Employers Must Pay for Include:

� Metatarsal foot protection� Rubber boots with steel toes� Non-prescription eye protection� Prescription eyewear inserts/lenses for

full face respirators� Goggles and face shields

� Fire fighting PPE (helmet, gloves, boots,proximity suits, full gear)

� Hard hats� Hearing protection� Welding PPE

Employer Obligations Workers should:9 Performing a "hazard assessment" of the

workplace to identify and control physicaland health hazards.

9 Identifying and providing appropriate PPEfor employees.

9 Training employees in the use and care ofthe PPE.

9 Maintaining PPE, including replacing wornor damaged PPE.

9 Periodically reviewing, updating andevaluating the effectiveness of the PPEprogram.

9 Properly wear PPE9 Attend training sessions on PPE9 Care for, clean and maintain PPE, an9 Inform a supervisor of the need to repair

or replace PPE.

1

HANDOUT #7Employers Must Provide and Pay for PPE

Payment Exceptions under the OSHA Rule

Employers are not required to pay for some PPE in certain circumstances:� Non-specialty safety-toe protective footwear (including steel-toe shoes or boots) and non-

specialty prescription safety eyewear provided that the employer permits such items to beworn off the job site. (OSHA based this decision on the fact that this type of equipment isvery personal, is often used outside the workplace, and that it is taken by workers fromjobsite to jobsite and employer to employer.)

� Everyday clothing, such as long-sleeve shirts, long pants, street shoes, and normal workboots.

� Ordinary clothing, skin creams, or other items, used solely for protection from weather,such as winter coats, jackets, gloves, parkas, rubber boots, hats, raincoats, ordinarysunglasses, and sunscreen

� Items such as hair nets and gloves worn by food workers for consumer safety.� Lifting belts because their value in protecting the back is questionable.� When the employee has lost or intentionally damaged the PPE and it must be replaced.

OSHA Standards that Apply

OSHA General Industry PPE Standards� 1910.132: General requirements and

payment� 1910.133: Eye and face protection� 1910.134: Respiratory protection� 1910.135: Head protection� 1910.136: Foot protection� 1910.137: Electrical protective devices� 1910.138: Hand protection

OSHA Construction PPE Standards� 1926.28: Personal protective equipment� 1926.95: Criteria for personal protective

equipment� 1926.96: Occupational foot protection� 1926.100: Head protection� 1926.101: Hearing protection� 1926.102: Eye and face protection� 1926.103: Respiratory protection

There are also PPE requirements in shipyards and marine terminals and many standards onspecific hazards, such as 1910.1030: Bloodborne pathogens and 1910.146: Permit-requiredconfined spaces.

OSHA standards are online at www.osha.gov.

Sources:� Employers Must Provide and Pay for PPE, New Jersey Work Environment Council

(WEC) Fact Sheet� OSHA Standards, 1910.132(h) and 1926.95(d)� Employer Payment for Personal Protective Equipment Final Rule, Federal Register:

November 15, 2007 (Volume 72, Number 220)

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HANDOUT #9Safety & Health Resources

Government Resources

OSHA: http://www.osha.gov/Contact the OSHA Office nearest you or

contact the toll free number:1-800-321-OSHA (6742)

NIOSH: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/Phone NIOSH at

1-800-CDC-INFO (1-800-232-4636)or Email at: cdcinfo@cdc.gov

NIOSH is a part of the Centers for DiseaseControl and Prevention(http://www.cdc.gov/).

CDC has extensive information onhealth and safety topics.

COSH GROUPS

COSH groups are private, non-profit coalitionsof labor unions, health and technicalprofessionals, and others interested in

promoting and advocating for worker health andsafety. If you don’t see a COSH group in yourarea, check the NATIONAL COSH website for

local COSH groups.

NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR OCCUPATIONAL

SAFETY & HEALTH National COSH is a federationof local and statewide "COSH" groups:http://www.coshnetwork.org/

CACOSH – Chicago Area Committee onOccupational Safety and Health:

http://www.cacosh.org/

MASSCOSH –Massachusetts Coalition onOccupational Safety and Health:http://www.masscosh.org/

NYCOSH – New York Committee forOccupational Safety and Health:

http://www.nycosh.org/

PHILAPOSH – Philadelphia Area Project forOccupational Safety and Health:http://www.philaposh.org/

Prevention (http://www.cdc.gov/).

Universities

CORNELL UNIVERSITY

School of Industrial and Labor Relations:http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/healthSafety/

LABOR OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

PROGRAM, University of California atBerkeley: http://www.lohp.org/

NATIONAL LABOR COLLEGE, GeorgeMeany Center: http://www.nlc.edu/

UCLA, Labor Occupational Safety andHealth (UCLA-LOSH):

http://www.losh.ucla.edu/

Unions

The following is a sample list of unions with links to useful health and safety information.AFL-CIO: http://www.aflcio.org/issues/safety/

AFSCME: http://www.afscme.org/issues/73.cfm

eLCOSH – The Electronic Library of Construction Safety and Health is a collection of informationon construction safety and health developed by CPWR – Center for Construction Research and

Training, with funding by NIOSH: http://www.elcosh.org/

SEIU (Service Employees International Union) Health and Safety Department:http://www.seiu.org/a/members/safety-and-health.php

UAW Health and Safety Department: http://www.uaw.org/hs/

HANDOUT #10

Navigating the OSHA Website

http://www.osha.gov

The elements of this valuable source of occupational safety and health information are featured:

Graphic slideshow of OSHA highlights.Graphics are linked to the respective website.

Links to the most current OSHA news andinformation.

>Regulations/Standards >Enforcement>Laws & Rulemaking >Offices >S&H Topics>Training >How to File a Complaint >MORE

>Videos >Data & Statistics >Other Resources >MORE

Recent incidents, as well as weekly summaries are posted.

HANDOUT #11Identifying Safety and Health Problems in the Workplace

Excerpted from Safe Jobs Now: An AFSCME Guide to Health and Safety in the Workplace.

Identifying health and safety problems can be as easy as answering basic questions. To determine if thereare health and safety problems that need to be addressed in your workplace, use these questions:

x Do you or your co-workers have injuries or health complaints? If so, what types?x Who has been hurt or is having symptoms?x When do you or your co-workers feel these symptoms?x Where in the workplace are safety or health problems occurring?x What are the conditions that are causing problems?

HEALTH HAZARDS SAFETY HAZARDS

Common types of health hazards in the workplace

are:

o Chemical (asbestos, solvents, chlorine)o Biological (tuberculosis, HIV, hepatitis, molds)o Physical (noise, heat and cold, radiation, vibration)o Ergonomics or Repetitive Strain Injuries (carpal

tunnel syndrome, back injuries)o Psychological (stress)

Common types of safety hazards in the workplace are:

o Slips, trips and fallso Being caught in or struck by moving machinery or other

objectso Fire and explosionso Transportation and vehicle-related accidentso Confined spaceso Violence

How health hazards enter your body:

o Breathing (inhalation)o Swallowing (ingestion)o Skin (absorption)o Cuts (injection)

Slips, Trips and Falls

o Bad housekeeping and poor drainage can make floors andother walking surfaces wet and slippery.

o Electrical wires along the floor pose a tripping hazard.o You can fall if you are not provided with fall protection

equipment, guardrails, and safe ladders.The harm caused by health hazards depends on:

o Strength, or potency, of the agent.o Amount of the agent that is present.o How long you are exposed to the agent.o Part of your body that is exposed.

Caught In or Struck By Moving Machinery/Objects

Machinery can cause injuries in different ways:o You can get parts of your body caught in or struck by

exposed moving parts if machines are not properlyguarded, or not locked out when being repaired.

o You can be struck by flying objects from machines withoutprotective guards.

Types of health effects:

o Acute: the effect shows up right away.o Chronic: problems show up after a long period of

exposure and/or long after the exposure ends.o Local: only the part of the body that was exposed

is affected.o Systemic: an agent enters the body and affects

other parts of the body.

Fire and Explosions

o Improper labeling, handling or storage of certain materialscan pose a risk of fire or explosion.

o Every workplace should have an evacuation plan for gettingpeople out of a building in case of fire and an alarm or alertsystem to quickly inform employees of an emergency.

o Every worker should be trained on what to do in case of anemergency.

Cancer

o Cancer is a term for many diseases in differentparts of the body.

o Carcinogens are agents that cause cancer.o There is no totally safe level of exposure to

something that causes cancer.o Cancer from a workplace exposure may develop

10, 20 or more years after the exposure.

Transportation and Vehicle-Related Accidents

o Operators of vehicles and equipment can be injured orcause injury to pedestrians if equipment is unsafe or ifadequate training has not been provided.

o You can be seriously injured or killed after being hit by avehicle while repairing roads or doing other work in trafficzones. This danger exists when traffic is not properlyrouted and/or adequate barriers are not placed betweenthe workers and the traffic.

Reproductive effects

o Both men and women can be affected byreproductive hazards at work.

o Reproductive hazards cause miscarriages and birthdefects.

Confined Spaces

o A confined space is an area with small openings for aworker to enter and exit and is not designed for regularwork. Examples of confined spaces include manholes,sewer digestors and silos. There are many hazards inconfined spaces.

o Workers can become unconscious and die from a lack ofoxygen.

o There may be too much oxygen, or other chemicals thatcan catch fire or explode.

o Poisonous gases and vapors, such as hydrogen sulfide orcarbon monoxide, may also build up in a confined space.

o Confined spaces can also pose physical hazards. They canbe very hot or cold, very loud, or slippery and wet.

o Grain, sand or gravel can bury a worker.Sensitization

o You may become allergic or sensitive to someagents you work with. Sensitization can developover time.

o For example, a health care worker may develop aserious allergic reaction to latex used in gloves.

Violence

o Violence on the job is a growing problem.o Homicides are the second leading cause of workplace

fatalities. Workplace violence includes physical assault aswell as near misses, verbal abuse and sexual harassment.

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U. S. Department of LaborOccupational Safety and Health Administration

Notice of Alleged Safety or Health Hazards For the General Public: This form is provided for the assistance of any complainant and is not intended to constitute the exclusive means by which a complaint may be registered with the U.S. Department of Labor.

Sec 8(f)(1) of the Williams-Steiger Occupational Safety and Health Act, 29 U.S.C. 651, provides as follows: Any employees or representative of employees who believe that a violation of a safety or health standard exists that threatens physical harm, or that an imminent danger exists, may request an inspection by giving notice to the Secretary or his authorized representative of such violation or danger. Any such notice shall be reduced to writing, shall set forth with reasonable particularity the grounds for the notice, and shall be signed by the employee or representative of employees, and a copy shall be provided the employer or his agent no later than at the time of inspection, except that, upon request of the person giving such notice, his name and the names of individual employees referred to therein shall not appear in such copy or on any record published, released, or made available pursuant to subsection (g) of this section. If upon receipt of such notification the Secretary determines there are reasonable grounds to believe that such violation or danger exists, he shall make a special inspection in accordance with the provisions of this section as soon as practicable to determine if such violation or danger exists. If the Secretary determines there are no reasonable grounds to believe that a violation or danger exists, he shall notify the employees or representative of the employees in writing of such determination.

NOTE: Section 11(c) of the Act provides explicit protection for employees exercising their rights, including making safety and health complaints.

For Federal Employees: This report format is provided to assist Federal employees or authorized representatives in registering a report of unsafe or unhealthful working conditions with the U.S.Department of Labor.

The Secretary of Labor may conduct unannounced inspection of agency workplaces when deemed necessary if an agency does not have occupational safety and health committees established in accordance with Subpart F, 29 CFR 1960; or in response to the reports of unsafe or unhealthful working conditions upon request of such agency committees under Sec. 1-3, Executive Order 12196; or in the case of a report of imminent danger when such a committee has not responded to the report as required in Sec. 1-201(h).

INSTRUCTIONS: Open the form and complete the front page as accurately and completely as possible. Describe each hazard you think exists in as much detail as you can. If the hazards described in your complaint are not all in the same area,please identify where each hazard can be found at the worksite. If there is any particular evidence that supports your suspicion that a hazard exists (for instance, a recent accident or physical symptoms of employees at your site)include the information in your description. If you need more space than is provided on the form, continue on any other sheet of paper.

After you have completed the form, return it to your local OSHA office.

NOTE: It is unlawful to make any false statement, representation or certification in any document filed pursuant to the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. Violations can be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000. or by imprisonment of not more than six months, or by both. (Section 17(g))

Public reporting burden for this voluntary collection of information is estimated to vary from 15 to 25 minutes per response with an average of 17 minutes per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. An Agency may not conduct or sponsor, and persons are not required to respond to the collection of information unless it displays a valid OMB Control Number. Send comment regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to the Directorate of Enforcement Programs, Department of Labor, Room N-3119, 200 Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC; 20210.

OMB Approval# 1218-0064; Expires: 03-31-2011Do not send the completed form to this Office.

OSHA-7(Rev. 9/93)

HANDOUT #12aFiling an OSHA Complaint – Tips for Completing the OSHA-7 Form

INSTRUCTIONS Provided on the Form:Open the form and complete the front page as accurately and completely as possible.Describe each hazard you think exists in as much detail as you can. If the hazardsdescribed in your complaint are not all in the same area, please identify where eachhazard can be found at the worksite. If there is any particular evidence that supportsyour suspicion that a hazard exists (for instance, a recent accident or physicalsymptoms of employees at your site) include the information in your description. If youneed more space than is provided on the form, continue on any other sheet of paper.After you have completed the form, return it to your local OSHA office.

Here are tips for completing the form:1. Be specific and include appropriate

details: The information on thecomplaint form may be the onlydescription of the hazard that theinspector will see before theinspection. The inspector will basehis or her research and planning onthis information.

2. Establishment Name, Address, &Type of Business: Be thorough andspecific. The inspector’s researchon the company and the industry’shazards will be based on thisinformation.

3. Hazard Description/Location: Thehazard description is the mostimportant part of the form. Youranswer should explain the hazardsclearly. If your complaint is aboutchemicals, identify them wheneverpossible and attach copies of labelsor MSDSs if you can. Identify thelocation so the inspector will knowwhere to look.

4. Has this condition been brought tothe attention of the employer oranother government agency? Youshould indicate on the form if youhave tried to get the employer to fixthe hazard before filing thecomplaint. Also, if another agency,such as a local fire or buildingdepartment, has been notified ofthese hazards, OSHA may want toconsult with them.

5. Do NOT reveal my name: OSHA will keep your name off the complaint, if you wish. Remember thatdiscrimination for health and safety activity is illegal. If you are a union representative, you maywish to have your name on the complaint.

6. Signature and address: It is important to sign the complaint if you want OSHA to conduct an onsiteinspection. Also, your address will allow OSHA to send copies of inspection related materials toyou.

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Back Injuries - Ergonomics

What is crystalline silica?Crystalline silica is a basic component of soil,

sand, granite, and many other minerals. Quartzis the most common form of crystalline silica.Cristobalite and tridymite are two other formsof crystalline silica. All three forms may becomerespirable size particles when workers chip, cut,drill, or grind objects that contain crystalline silica.

What are the hazardsof crystalline silica?

Silica exposure remains a serious threat tonearly 2 million U.S. workers, including more than100,000 workers in high risk jobs such as abrasiveblasting, foundry work, stonecutting, rock drilling,quarry work and tunneling. The seriousness ofthe health hazards associated with silica exposureis demonstrated by the fatalities and disablingillnesses that continue to occur in sandblasters androckdrillers. Crystalline silica has been classifiedas a human lung carcinogen. Additionally, breathingcrystalline silica dust can cause silicosis, whichin severe cases can be disabling, or even fatal.The respirable silica dust enters the lungs andcauses the formation of scar tissue, thus reducingthe lungs’ ability to take in oxygen. There is nocure for silicosis. Since silicosis affects lung function,it makes one more susceptible to lung infectionslike tuberculosis. In addition, smoking causeslung damage and adds to the damage caused bybreathing silica dust.

What are the symptoms of silicosis?Silicosis is classified into three types:

chronic/classic, accelerated, and acute.Chronic/classic silicosis, the most common,

occurs after 15–20 years of moderate to lowexposures to respirable crystalline silica. Symptomsassociated with chronic silicosis may or may not beobvious; therefore, workers need to have a chestx-ray to determine if there is lung damage. As thedisease progresses, the worker may experienceshortness of breath upon exercising and have clinicalsigns of poor oxygen/carbon dioxide exchange.In the later stages, the worker may experiencefatigue, extreme shortness of breath, chest pain,or respiratory failure.

Accelerated silicosis can occur after 5–10years of high exposures to respirable crystallinesilica. Symptoms include severe shortness ofbreath, weakness, and weight loss. The onset ofsymptoms takes longer than in acute silicosis.

Acute silicosis occurs after a few monthsor as long as 2 years following exposures toextremely high concentrations of respirablecrystalline silica. Symptoms of acute silicosisinclude severe disabling shortness of breath,weakness, and weight loss, which often leadsto death.

Where are construction workersexposed to crystalline silica?Exposure occurs during many different

construction activities. The most severe exposuresgenerally occur during abrasive blasting with sandto remove paint and rust from bridges, tanks,concrete structures, and other surfaces. Otherconstruction activities that may result in severeexposure include: jack hammering, rock/welldrilling, concrete mixing, concrete drilling, brick andconcrete block cutting and sawing, tuck pointing,tunneling operations.

Where are general industry employeesexposed to crystalline silica dust?The most severe exposures to crystalline silica

result from abrasive blasting, which is done to cleanand smooth irregularities from molds, jewelry,and foundry castings, finish tombstones, etch orfrost glass, or remove paint, oils, rust, or dirt formobjects needing to be repainted or treated. Otherexposures to silica dust occur in cement and brickmanufacturing, asphalt pavement manufacturing,china and ceramic manufacturing and the tool anddie, steel and foundry industries. Crystalline silicais used in manufacturing, household abrasives,adhesives, paints, soaps, and glass. Additionally,crystalline silica exposures occur in the maintenance,repair and replacement of refractory brickfurnace linings.

In the maritime industry, shipyard employeesare exposed to silica primarily in abrasiveblasting operations to remove paint and cleanand prepare steel hulls, bulkheads, decks, andtanks for paints and coatings.

How is OSHA addressingexposure to crystalline silica?OSHA has an established Permissible Exposure

Limit, or PEL, which is the maximum amount ofcrystalline silica to which workers may be exposedduring an 8-hour work shift (29 CFR 1926.55,1910.1000). OSHA also requires hazard

2002

This is one in a series of informational fact sheets highlighting OSHA programs, policies, or standards. It does not imposeany new compliance requirements. For a comprehensive list of compliance requirements of OSHA standards or regulations,refer to Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations. This information will be made available to sensory-impaired individualsupon request. The voice phone is (202) 693–1999. See also OSHA’s website at www.osha.gov.

communication training for workers exposedto crystalline silica, and requires a repiratorprotection program until engineering controls areimplemented. Additionally, OSHA has a NationalEmphasis Program (NEP) for Crystalline Silicaexposure to identify, reduce, and eliminate healthhazards associated with occupational exposures.

What can employers/ employeesdo to protect against exposuresto crystalline silica?■■■■■ Replace crystalline silica materials with safer

substitutes, whenever possible.■■■■■ Provide engineering or administrative controls,where feasible, such as local exhaust ventilation,and blasting cabinets. Where necessary to reduceexposures below the PEL, use protectiveequipment or other protective measures.

■■■■■ Use all available work practices to controldust exposures, such as water sprays.

■■■■■ Wear only a N95 NIOSH certified respirator,if respirator protection is required. Do notalter the respirator. Do not wear a tight-fittingrespirator with a beard or mustache that preventsa good seal between the respirator and the face.

■■■■■ Wear only a Type CE abrasive-blastsupplied-air respirator for abrasive blasting.

■■■■■ Wear disposable or washable work clothesand shower if facilities are available. Vacuumthe dust from your clothes or change intoclean clothing before leaving the work site.

■■■■■ Participate in training, exposure monitoring,and health screening and surveillanceprograms to monitor any adverse healtheffects caused by crystalline silica exposures.

■■■■■ Be aware of the operations and job tasks creatingcrystalline silica exposures in your workplaceenvironment and know how to protect yourself.

■■■■■ Be aware of the health hazards related toexposures to crystalline silica. Smoking addsto the lung damage caused by silica exposures.

■■■■■ Do not eat, drink, smoke, or apply cosmeticsin areas where crystalline silica dust is present.Wash your hands and face outside of dustyareas before performing any of these activities.

■■■■■ Remember: If it’s silica, it’s not just dust.

How can I get more informationon safety and health?OSHA has various publications, standards,

technical assistance, and compliance tools tohelp you, and offers extensive assistance throughworkplace consultation, voluntary protectionprograms, strategic partnerships, alliances, stateplans, grants, training, and education. OSHA’sSafety and Health Program ManagementGuidelines (Federal Register 54:3904-3916,January 26, 1989) detail elements critical to thedevelopment of a successful safety and healthmanagement system. This and other informationare available on OSHA’s website.

■■■■■ For one free copy of OSHA publications,send a self-addressed mailing label to OSHAPublications Office, 200 Constitution AvenueN.W., N-3101, Washington, DC 20210; orsend a request to our fax at (202) 693–2498,or call us toll-free at (800) 321–OSHA.

■■■■■ To order OSHA publications online atwww.osha.gov, go to Publications andfollow the instructions for ordering.

■■■■■ To file a complaint by phone, report anemergency, or get OSHA advice, assistance,or products, contact your nearest OSHA officeunder the U.S. Department of Labor listing inyour phone book, or call toll-free at (800)321–OSHA (6742). The teletypewriter(TTY) number is (877) 889–5627.

■■■■■ To file a complaint online or obtain moreinformation on OSHA federal and stateprograms, visit OSHA’s website.

This is one in a series of informational factsheets highlighting OSHA programs, policies,or standards. It does not impose any newcompliance requirements. For a comprehensive listof compliance requirements of OSHA standardsor regulations, refer to Title 29 of the Code ofFederal Regulations. This information will be madeavailable to sensory-impaired individuals uponrequest. The voice phone is (202) 693–1999.See also OSHA’s website at www.osha.gov.

What should employers do toprotect workers from fire hazards?Employers should train workers about fire

hazards in the workplace and about what todo in a fire emergency. If you want your workersto evacuate, you should train them on how toescape. If you expect your workers to usefirefighting equipment, you should give themappropriate equipment and train them to usethe equipment safely. (See Title 29 of the Codeof Federal Regulations Part 1910 Subparts Eand L; and Part 1926 Subparts C and F.)

What does OSHA requirefor emergency fire exits?Every workplace must have enough exits

suitably located to enable everyone to get outof the facility quickly. Considerations includethe type of structure, the number of personsexposed, the fire protection available, the typeof industry involved, and the height and typeof construction of the building or structure.In addition, fire doors must not be blocked orlocked when employees are inside. Delayedopening of fire doors, however, is permittedwhen an approved alarm system is integratedinto the fire door design. Exit routes frombuildings must be free of obstructions andproperly marked with exit signs. See 29 CFRPart 1910.36 for details about all requirements.

Do employers have to provideportable fire extinguishers?No. But if you do, you must establish an

educational program to familiarize your workerswith the general principles of fire extinguisheruse. If you expect your workers to use portablefire extinguishers, you must provide hands-ontraining in using this equipment. For details, see29 CFR Part 1910 Subpart L.

Must employers developemergency action plans?Not every employer is required to have an

emergency action plan. OSHA standards thatrequire such plans include the following:■■■■■ Process Safety Management of HighlyHazardous Chemicals, 1910.119

■■■■■ Fixed Extinguishing Systems, General,1910.160

■■■■■ Fire Detection Systems, 1910.164■■■■■ Grain Handling, 1910.272■■■■■ Ethylene Oxide, 1910.1047■■■■■ Methylenedianiline, 1910.1050■■■■■ 1,3 Butadiene, 1910.1051

When required, employers must developemergency action plans that:■■■■■ Describe the routes for workers to use andprocedures to follow.

■■■■■ Account for all evacuated employees.■■■■■ Remain available for employee review.■■■■■ Include procedures for evacuating disabledemployees.

■■■■■ Address evacuation of employees who staybehind to shut down critical plant equipment.

■■■■■ Include preferred means of alerting employeesto a fire emergency.

■■■■■ Provide for an employee alarm systemthroughout the workplace.

■■■■■ Require an alarm system that includes voicecommunication or sound signals such as bells,whistles, or horns.

■■■■■ Make the evacuation signal known toemployees.

■■■■■ Ensure emergency training.■■■■■ Require employer review of the plan with newemployees and with all employees wheneverthe plan is changed.

Must employers havea fire prevention plan?OSHA standards that require fire prevention

plans include the following:■■■■■ Ethylene Oxide, 1910.1047■■■■■ Methylenedianiline, 1910.1050■■■■■ 1,3 Butadiene, 1910.1051

Employers covered by these standards mustimplement plans to minimize the frequency ofevacuations. All fire prevention plans must:■■■■■ Be available for employee review.

2002

This is one in a series of informational fact sheets highlighting OSHA programs, policies, or standards. It does not imposeany new compliance requirements. For a comprehensive list of compliance requirements of OSHA standards or regulations,refer to Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations. This information will be made available to sensory-impaired individualsupon request. The voice phone is (202) 693–1999. See also OSHA’s website at www.osha.gov.

■■■■■ Include housekeeping procedures for storageand cleanup of flammable materials andflammable waste.

■■■■■ Address handling and packaging of flammablewaste. (Recycling of flammable waste such aspaper is encouraged.)

■■■■■ Cover procedures for controlling workplaceignition sources such as smoking, welding,and burning.

■■■■■ Provide for proper cleaning and maintenanceof heat producing equipment such as burners,heat exchangers, boilers, ovens, stoves, andfryers and require storage of flammables awayfrom this equipment.

■■■■■ Inform workers of the potential fire hazardsof their jobs and plan procedures.

■■■■■ Require plan review with all new employeesand with all employees whenever the planis changed.

What are the rules for fixedextinguishing systems?

Fixed extinguishing systems throughout theworkplace are among the most reliable firefighting tools. These systems detect fires, soundan alarm, and send water to the fire and heat.To meet OSHA standards employers who havethese systems must:■■■■■ Substitute (temporarily) a fire watch of trainedemployees to respond to fire emergencieswhen a fire suppression system is out of service.

■■■■■ Ensure that the watch is included in the fireprevention plan and the emergency action plan.

■■■■■ Post signs for systems that use agents(e.g., carbon dioxide, Halon 1211, etc.)posing a serious health hazard.

How can you get more informationon safety and health?OSHA has various publications, standards,

technical assistance, and compliance tools tohelp you, and offers extensive assistance throughworkplace consultation, voluntary protectionprograms, strategic partnerships, alliances, stateplans, grants, training, and education. OSHA’sSafety and Health Program ManagementGuidelines (Federal Register 54:3904–3916,January 26, 1989) detail elements critical to thedevelopment of a successful safety and healthmanagement system. This and other informationare available on OSHA’s website.

■■■■■ For one free copy of OSHA publications,send a self-addressed mailing label to OSHAPublications Office, 200 Constitution Avenue,N.W., N-3101, Washington, DC 20210; orsend a request to our fax at (202) 693–2498,or call us at (202) 693–1888.

■■■■■ To order OSHA publications online atwww.osha.gov, go to Publications andfollow the instructions for ordering.

■■■■■ To file a complaint by phone, report anemergency, or get OSHA advice, assistance,or products, contact your nearest OSHAoffice under the U.S. Department ofLabor listing in your phone book, or calltoll-free at (800) 321–OSHA (6742).The teletypewriter (TTY) number is(877) 889–5627.

■■■■■ To file a complaint online or obtain moreinformation on OSHA federal and stateprograms, visit OSHA’s website.

Machine and Power Tools Bloodborne Pathogens

Management: Ensure all machinery is properly guarded!

OSHA’s Bloodborne Pathogen Standard prescribes safeguards to protect workers against the health hazards form exposure to blood and other potentially infectious materials, and to reduce their risk from this exposure.

Supervisors: Train emp. on guard rules applicable to them. Ensure machine guards remain in place and are functional.Immediately correct machine guard deficiencies.

Implementation of this standard prevents Hepatitis B and will signifiacantly reduce the risk of workers contracting AIDS, Hep C or other bloodborne diseases.

Employees: Do not remove guards unless machine is locked and tagged.Report machine guard problems immediately. Do not operate equipoment unless guards are in place.

HIV/AIDS: Viral infection. It affects and debilitates a person’s immune system. No Cure. No vaccination. It’s found only in an infected person’s blood, semen, vaginal fluid and breast milk. Body fluids of infected people that are known to transmit HIV are Blood, Semen, Vaginal Fluid and Breast Milk. Body fluids of infect people that may transmit HIV to others include fluid surrounding brain and spinal column, fluis surrounding bone joints and fluid surrounding an unborn baby. (Info taken from www.CDC.gov)

POO = Point of Operation and any moving part of a machine that moves during operation must be safeguarded.

Hepititis C: Viral infection. It affects and weakens the proper function of the liver. No Cure. Chronic. Life-long. No vaccination. It is found in the blood of an infected person. It is possible to contract Hep. C sexually, but it is very difficult to do so. (Info taken from www.CDC.gov)

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Machine Guarding/Power Tools Bloodborne Pathogens