Orwell’s Animal Orwell’s Animal FarmFarm VS. VS.

The Russian The Russian RevolutionRevolution

Russian SocietyRussian Society

• Russia was in an appalling state of poverty while the Tsar lived in luxury. There was tremendous dissatisfaction.

Czar Nicholas II Czar Nicholas II (May 18, 1868 –July 17, 1918)(May 18, 1868 –July 17, 1918)

Czar Nicholas II Czar Nicholas II (May 18, 1868 –July 17, 1918)(May 18, 1868 –July 17, 1918)

• A poor leader at best, compared to western leaders

• Cruel - sometimes brutal with opponents

• Sometimes kind - hired students as spies to make $

Nicholas IINicholas II

• Believed he was the unquestionable leader of Russia appointed by God.

• Had unarmed protesters murdered in the streets in 1905.

•KARL MARX: THE FATHER OF COMMUNISM

MarxMarx(5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883)(5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883)

MarxMarx(5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883)(5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883)

•Marx believed that the private ownership of land must be abolished.

MarxMarx

• Believed in “Communal” way of life where everyone shares in prosperity.

MarxMarx

• Invented Communism• “Workers of the world

unite", take over gov't• Dies before Russian

Revolution

CommunismCommunism

• All people equal• Government owns everything, People own government

LeninLenin(22 April 1870 – 21 January 1924)(22 April 1870 – 21 January 1924)

LeninLenin(22 April 1870 – 21 January 1924)(22 April 1870 – 21 January 1924)

• Lenin adopted Marx’s ideas. He believed that the bourgeoisie (middle class) exploited the workers and must therefore be overthrown.

PropogandaPropoganda

• Propaganda is promoting certain ideas.• Words frequently used as synonymsfor propaganda are lies, distortion, deceit,

manipulation, mind control, psychological warfare, and brainwashing.

Example of Propaganda Example of Propaganda TechniqueTechnique

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SsV2O4fCgjk

• Which propaganda techniques do we see?

LeninLenin

•Lenin understood the emotional impact of simple, powerful slogans like “workers of the world unite”

LeninLenin

• Changed Russia’s name to the USSR

• USSR=Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Lenin DiesLenin Dies• When Lenin died, there was

a power struggle between Trotsky and Stalin.

• It is believed Lenin ordered Nicholas II murdered

Leon TroskyLeon Trosky7 November 1879– 21 August 1940)7 November 1879– 21 August 1940)

Leon TrotskyLeon Trotsky • One of the leaders of "October

Revolution“ along with Lenin and Stalin

• October revolution in1917, which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union.

• Believed in “pure” communism, followed Marx

TrotskyTrotsky• Trotsky was a brilliant speaker.

With Lenin he succeeded in overthrowing the government in October 1917. Lenin was the President, Trotsky the Commissar for Foreign Affairs.

CommissarCommissar

• Former name of a head of a government department in the Soviet Union. Like Secretary of State Colin Powell

•Trotsky favored world revolution.

TrotskyTrotsky

• Wanted to improve life for all in Russia

• Chased away by Lenin's KGB (Lenin's secret police)

Civil WarCivil War• From 1918 –1921 there was civil

war. Foreign countries including Britain, France, Poland and USA were alarmed at the spread of communism but the Red Army (the Bolsheviks) led by Trotsky proved successful.

Joseph StalinJoseph Stalin(18 December 1878– 5 March 1953)(18 December 1878– 5 March 1953)

•Stalin continually opposed Trotsky

Joseph StalinJoseph Stalin

• Average speaker, not educated like Trotsky

• Didn't exactly follow Marx's ideas

StalinStalin

• Craved power, willing to kill for it

• Used KGB, allowed church, and propagandized

Propaganda Department of Propaganda Department of Stalin’s governmentStalin’s government

• Worked for Stalin to support his image

• Lied to convince the people to follow Stalin

StalinStalin

• Benefited from the fact that education was controlled

Stalin takes ControlStalin takes Control

• In his sinister way, Stalin secured his power base, and engineered the permanent exile of Trotsky in 1929.

• The exiled Trotsky was still very useful to Stalin as he now had Trotsky to blame for all the problems and difficulties that Russia suffered.

PolitburoPolitburo : :• This was the policy-making

body of the Communist party’s Central Committee. In reality it was merely a force to carry out Stalin’s orders and secure his position as dictator.

Cheka/OGPU/NKVDCheka/OGPU/NKVD//KGBKGB ::

• These were the various names/ initials given to the secret police during Stalin’s dictatorship.

KGB - Secret PoliceKGB - Secret Police

• Not really police, but forced all to support Stalin

• Used force, often killed entire families for disobedience

• Totally loyal, part of Lenin's power, even over army

ReligionReligion

• Marx said religion was the "Opiate of the people" and a lie

• Used to make people not complain and do their work

ReligionReligion

• Religion was tolerated because people would work and not complain

• Stalin knew religion would stop violent revolutions

Dedicated, but tricked Dedicated, but tricked communist supporterscommunist supporters

• People believed Stalin because he was "Communist"

• Many stayed loyal after it was obvious Stalin a tyrant

• Betrayed by Stalin who ignored and killed them

Overall details of Russian Overall details of Russian RevolutionRevolution

• Supposed to fix problems from Czar

• Life was even worse long after revolution

• Stalin made Czar look like a nice guy

Kulaks Kulaks ::

• These were the land-owning peasants who did not want their farms to be collectivized after the revolution. From 1929, Stalin began to exterminate them as a class.

5 Year Plans5 Year Plans

• From 1927-1932, new economic plans, called the five-year plans, were introduced. The purpose was to improve industry

Germany and Great Britain Germany and Great Britain ::

• Stalin negotiated with both Germany and Great Britain. The Russo-German pact of August 1939 allowed Russia to occupy eastern Poland while Germany occupied the rest.

Germany and Great BritainGermany and Great Britain

• On 22 June, 1941, Germany attacked her ally Russia without warning. Thus the unholy alliance between Nazism and Communism fell apart and Russia formed an alliance with Britain and the USA.

Cold War beginsCold War begins

• The Tehran conference in 1943 presented the Soviet Union, Britain and America as allies. However, by the end of the Second World War, the Soviet Union became an enemy of its allies as the Cold War intensified.

Essential Essential QuestionsQuestions

#1#1

• Who had the ideas in the beginning that inspired the rebellions?

#2#2

• What are the real enemies of Communism according to Marx, Lenin, Stalin and Trotsky?

#3 and #4#3 and #4

• Who does Stalin blame anytime a problem arises? Why do you think Stalin blames this person?

#5 and #6#5 and #6• Who would you associate with this

quote? Marx, Lenin Stalin or Trotsky? Why did you choose that person?

• “All men are equal but some are more equal than others”

#7#7

• Compare the lives of Russians when they live under Czar Nicholas and when they live under Stalin.

#8 Who is this?#8 Who is this?

• Tells of a dream that leads to Rebellion and inspires others.

#9 Who is this?#9 Who is this?

• Leader of the rebellion that drives out Czar Nicholas II.

#10 Who is this?#10 Who is this?

• Leader of Rebellion that is driven out of Russia and later killed in Mexico.

#11 Who is this?#11 Who is this?

• Leader of the Rebellion that drives out his competition and starts to purge those that disagree or may disagree with him.

#12 Who is this?#12 Who is this?

• Branch of Government that enforces Stalin’s rules.

Who is WhoWho is Who

• Mr. Jones-

• Old Major• Snowball• Napolean

• Czar Nicholas • Lenin• Trosky• Stalin

Who is WhoWho is Who

• Dogs-KGB• Windmill- 5 year plan• Major’s Skull-Lenin’s Body• Battle of the Cowshed-

Russian Civil War

Who is WhoWho is Who• Frederick- Hitler• Animal Executions – Stalin’s Purge• Battle of the Windmill – World War

II• Card Game- Tehran Conference• Pilkington- FDR

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