Oru Ma Veerarin Sathiyap Porattam - Karbala (Imam Hussain)

8/7/2019 Oru Ma Veerarin Sathiyap Porattam - Karbala (Imam Hussain)

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\VT[ ]B VVD V \VT[ ]B VVD V

t_VN\VMDt_VN\VMDt_VN\VMDt_VN\VMDt_VN\VMD

\m kOv_o V oN_ ZD\m kOv_o V oN_ ZD\m kOv_o V oN_ ZD\m kOv_o V oN_ ZD\m kOv_o V oN_ ZD

DEMOCRACY IS THE PRINCIPLE OF IMAM HUSSAIN

(BV !! #V!!(BV !! #V!!(BV !! #V!!(BV !! #V!!(BV !! #V!!

v[!! v[!!)v[!! v[!!)v[!! v[!!)v[!! v[!!)v[!! v[!!)

\VT[ \VT[ \VT[ \VT[ \VT[

]BVVD]BVVD]BVVD]BVVD]BVVD

VVVVV

q]_ >[ >B V|m, >V [m [?q]_ >[ >B V|m, >V [m [?q]_ >[ >B V|m, >V [m [?q]_ >[ >B V|m, >V [m [?q]_ >[ >B V|m, >V [m [?[ AB k> \VD vM[ (B_V[ AB k> \VD vM[ (B_V[ AB k> \VD vM[ (B_V[ AB k> \VD vM[ (B_V[ AB k> \VD vM[ (B_V

[) *m V] ^ VD.[) *m V] ^ VD.[) *m V] ^ VD.[) *m V] ^ VD.[) *m V] ^ VD.

V c>[ s]l[ *m V] ^ VDV c>[ s]l[ *m V] ^ VDV c>[ s]l[ *m V] ^ VDV c>[ s]l[ *m V] ^ VDV c>[ s]l[ *m V] ^ VD.....

FB]V gV N\_V FB]V gV N\_V FB]V gV N\_V FB]V gV N\_V FB]V gV N\_V

_s Z_s Z_s Z_s Z_s Z


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VD

>A D

! \]A 04

! kVm 07

! [ 10

! q_Vs[ (v__VNkv_D) x[sAD>kV> ]D 12

! x>_ V 18

!VD V 22

! J[VD V 26

! V[VD V 33

! n>VD VkV >k 41

! VBk[ Bm 46

! \VT[ ]B VVD V 48

!\VM> V]B >VBk^ K_ m^ 82

! [ B_ W|mk> VD 85

! fiV [ D (E[D) 88

! xo\_V> Q[ Vkl_\VD v[ B_V [ 93

_ sD

o[ B : \VT[ ]B V VD

V \Va : >t

>VzVEB : S.m_ y x>]

i]

o[ c\ : kXV

kX| : SAHEB DARGAH PUBLISHERS

74/176-A,1st Floor,

Ghandiji Road,Opp.Erattai Mastan Dargah,

Thanjavur - 613001

E-Mail : [email protected]

website : www.sahebdargah.org

]A g| : x>u ]A :

xD N 1432

D - 2010

flEV : \VD ,

999, >[ D,

>fiV 613001

V[ : 04362 237953

s : 40/-


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\]A...!

VtB kVu_ xB\V AM> \VV D V|m. kV l[ cD\]KD

]AxBV Dk^ c|. \m ^ V\V[q Zt[ cD\]_ x>[\zB Dk\V>|km Vs_ > VB WkVzD.mV[ AM> ]BVxD, \[\D, mBxD V{ DkD mk c_ >mt_. M Vkmt_. > VtB^ \|\_ c[m kVu gEBD, Vs_ >]uA> Tyt >> mVD zD ]KD,VmD ]_ [ mV^.

[V_ iD. V [V_ [V_>V_, iD. iD, >V_D W>

{]_ 72. > D z|D][ \V^ V\V[ ]Dl[ >] BV^,qK_Vs[ J[VD >x, q kDVka AM>^, ~ DAz yz WV>fiE_ ~x^k^. V[ ][ xV >\VxBVE ]V> uV^ W] Vm>uz V]_ t_ [ >\V |mB>uV kBV>Vk^, sBV]B>^, ^,flED zw>^ [ VVm >]BVV B_ o\V {], Vz V_o,>VmV> 22 ]B T^ [ m>[ x[ mm z] VV m

g|k> | fiVm mfiVm...

BV! _V!! m VV cm c[>qo[ VtB cD\]uV... y_ V>WV [D ]BVD >k [V_ >V V[ >BV[ >VD >V [l ~m V> WflF> ]uA>\V, AE_VD J\VF,]BV_VD >\BVF B Vk]_> { V>m DkD.

mVm > V_ >uVAV V> ua >| A Jy [ VkV

[>VF... BV _V! _> V kkVz > y Vxz Vk\VF \VB> V_\Vus| [ \VD km mg WkV

kV ] A za....

\VD vV[ AM> E zkV_ ]Vs[ V ]om VD >m V[B][ gk EB_ kl_ V| [BV\VF \VD v[fiV...

D gEz ED >> k^V Tyt]BV][ WkV vm_V _Vs[ Ao kt| \Vu \>>VD \> _o\VF _V VV|D xD \V>D >VkmV^ gV>V[ gVV...

gV xD >Vkm V^ DgVVs_ fiV, flV, V, UM, ,V]V Fm ]k> VDB \>[ \>szD { >ta_ _V> zB V >kVu >VzA _ kkm^m ttVV>m.

kVB stV >]B >^ [V > EB_ [ | _VmV_V>m ] \ zwAD Vm _VFB[ x]B am V[ B][

k^ k^! xoD...! xt[...!>] kVD, > k>VDkz kVm kVzD T >ZVkV]D,s| m BV ] AM> WkV xD\V>][ ~\V[ ]BV> Z]uz c| T|>VD,T]>VD, ^ V\VM[ BVV mV>V\V[ \B fiE_ ] Vu \]mD\lKD, \\lKD ~uD ^...

M_, kV Vz[ *|D

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VD s>m [ { cm sQ V...

\VD v[ k[ T ]BVD Bhmz \...\VD v[ k[ T ]BVD Bhmz \...\VD v[ k[ T ]BVD Bhmz \...\VD v[ k[ T ]BVD Bhmz \...\VD v[ k[ T ]BVD Bhmz \...

kV Vz[ *|D VD s>m...kV Vz[ *|D VD s>m...kV Vz[ *|D VD s>m...kV Vz[ *|D VD s>m...kV Vz[ *|D VD s>m...

\]A mD >z] \z _ [ V]KD, m^ *m BD V>VzVEB[ k|V u E k\m^[. ]_ c^ zz \[MAkD, kV \u _ mV_V\_ >[ AM>D ] \BV>BV| mVmVm B[D >V\[ smV^[..

BV #V...! v[...!! v[...!!!D,

[D [,>V\^,

B k[ V,>fi.

kVm...!

[AX...!

vVx zD k \m_VN Vm...

_ v__ V N k v_Dk[ [A \VD v[ B_V[ k[ ]BV kV kVu >mV^ k|D [m m V^ g! > ]BVfl[ kV x\BV c^ > A>xD [ _k _! _VD k_ _V V >gV[B > gk [A V> go Vs.m_ y x>] k[ B xBuEBV_kkm^ \VT[ ]B VVD V[D zD kVF V|>>[ JD

Wku^V[!

AD, [D > k c>Vz!_Dm o_V!

\VD v[ B_V [k[ ]BV kVB c k\V skzD>VzVEB k^ >uz x>VFV nDDV[ ]B kVD x[V\V]m Kz \KD \zD!

]B V> aD, v__ V

N k v_D k[ z|D][ *mkAk #D, Bkfi^, xVz^,\V mV^, B]^, vVM^, kV^V[V[ | ]^, >uV k^ F>\^, gBku _ tD >kVsk[m.

yz ss Vkz m Vk[ yz ssk! [ >[ VV v__V N k v_D k[ V_ ka

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>kBkz m VV\_ \z kaV|[ \lom uD [ kV \V[[ m VBk[ Bmz VkV (]B\VD) Fm V| \> \VD v[B_V [ k[ ]B VVDVm xoDVB \_VD BVzD.

\m ~ D \VV v__V N k v_D k[ VkxD BV>ka>V[_^ AM> \yV mm AM> \V D_k> kV> Vo Fm s| _KD ]D z|^ k zD VmD\BBV\B D >BD > k>cVD.

V \[ mV>D, k^VBk[ Bhm[ u\V [V

Vm F> \D W>V \Dzxm.

\VD k^_Vs[ VD mkVlD> V\[ u V^kVD [ >[z|D]uz >BD E k V\BV _VsD xl|^V^. Km^ *m WBVB\V V >V|m >[ > gzk][ J\V ] ]zV \\l_ k k_\B _Vs]_ VzD >V \VD v[ k^> k D\B_VD sB_ gmm.

V ]_ ]D [ >[MD> > V|m c>s, \M> BD [V_ [[>D, ]D V|D \VD >V[VD [>D [ \VD k^ Vfl[^V^.

|D E, V|\BV >VD, zD kl_gBku >V V| t Vu ^T[ tD V|D B ]m

]B]uV VVB > \VT[ T kVukV xoxD m V^km \BVzD.

>V>V_ >s> flE zw>l[ >Vl_s_ Fm V\V V F> > ~s\uVtB ]^ >D\ m > [zc]mD, \VD v[ B_V [k^ >Vl[ D m Vm... D>V VkV sVm [ V]uV>Vl_ q]_ > km k_ _VkW]zD Vm VwV_ [A\V mk| >VV^ [ kVu zD VmD >BD z V km V[ c u|m.

>Vl[ \[\B >s BV>V[ \zEV |m V s xD?

k_ VB[ [ kV

xoxzD \VD v[ k^ Vfl [^#B V][ ka ]D, \ VB][zVmV K m^ [D k[z|D] Em kV]D, V \\ V_kV| WuzD VB>D ^ AkVV!

g*[!! BV_ g*[!!!

z,z,z,z,z,

V S .S .S .S .S . B \,

MBBS., DLO., DNB., (ENT) MNAMS - ]flE.

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[...!

vVx zD k \m_VN Vm,

_V cz tfl E>kuBV|m^V[. k[, c Vm kV _V>k VV, c\l_ k kV _V>k[(>), kV cBk [D V^[V g>V _ , v_o k[, k [VM k_ > [ k>]zgM , l[ kVVk cB|]sV[ _V>gV! (g>VD : > Xt) >uz\KD g>V\V VBD v__V Nkv_\k^ >\m V[\VaBV y Z__v \[ k V t_ v[ v[[ V|D, V[ v V|D c^[

V^. >Vkm \VD v (B_V[) >[ Vk _Vs[ tfl E> cB> smVk kVk [D, \KD>[B kV [>D c] sV^.

\KD > c]|mk>uz, zA_ N, VV ZA[ kV xly[ E] *B_V [ k^ \V\ uz|l_ V VB V V v[ c\l_ mk> WVBk\VD v[ >V[! (B_V [) V.

kV _V, q_V v__VN kv_D, VV Z kV B_V[ kD VuB \t \VDv[ B_V [k, [ kVV^xk]KD Wm kV\V! [ wB, \]uzDV]uzxB [ uVV fiV >V w|D \V x>] \VFy[ x>]kz A>> \D F[. \KDz^ A>D mD gk> #B

V_ zg[, m \V[ D Vs\m_VN N R (]flE) kzD,m g[* zkV _V V xD\VVD x>] V kzD [ \\V>[B >sm V^[.

\VT[ ]B VVD [A>]_ \VD vV[ (B_V[) k[ ]BV Dk> skm^[.kVu u x\BV >m V^k>uzmkV 5 V uD \V , ]_V [V_ [? V FB >z]Bk^BV? >z]l_V>k^ BV? \[ \W!Bkfi[ W! [ x>_ [ k! V[kVu Dk z|^[.

kVVB ^, A> >Vz mB[u, kVtm s W_K\V [A[

| V^[! \KD A>]_ >Dw^ u[ >uz xVD VVk[.k flEBVM[ EB xBuEl_ uzDw \[Mm, _V, qoD mkV F\V>V\[ | V^[.

F ]_ \V _>V oBV!F ]_ \V _>V oBV!F ]_ \V _>V oBV!F ]_ \V _>V oBV!F ]_ \V _>V oBV!BVM v[ o V oBV!BVM v[ o V oBV!BVM v[ o V oBV!BVM v[ o V oBV!BVM v[ o V oBV!

Z V V[ Z V V[ Z V V[ Z V V[ Z V V[

(((((F \\, [ \V\[ m V^!M_, B \[ v[>V[ [(ko\V[) clV V!)))))

z,z,z,z,z,S.m_ y x>] i].m_ y x>] i].m_ y x>] i].m_ y x>] i].m_ y x>] i].

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q_Vs[(v__V Nkv_D)

x[sAD >kV> ]D

~][ VB, \M> z][ \VV,_Vs[ AD (B\Vk\V) \\VV xD\m qK_V v__VN kv_D k^ >\m \BV N 10Dg| W F>V^. Vm ]\l_ kBV_ B\ \_m zD yzD k \Dm zD\] k (z)m zx_ V\ yV [ kDBm. >B >D [B ]Dcz cB \V> \V kms[. [ V c^ *m W\Vkm V>D czB \V\V V]V[. ( ]zg[ 5:3)( ]zg[ 5:3)( ]zg[ 5:3)( ]zg[ 5:3)( ]zg[ 5:3)

V VV __ V xD\mK_V (k]uzBk[ k >skV[D _, xD\m v__VNkv_\k^ _Vs[ ]#>VV^.) [D mk][ >mk> s,]B> WV 1,24,000 \V^ km [V]KD, x>_ BVD (VD) ] \VF ([kk\VD) k> xD\ x>V v__VNkv_D k V, VD D kM[ \V> D F>V[_V>gV.

mk][ \]\V o\V >FBVsuzBV^ >D s\V, _Vk >skV[\ _ km A_ >k(_Vk) V^ [D k>m_ c [s> B \M>z V]m \M>AM>V \VuD \FQV> kVF, \V \D ]zg kNl[ J\V >DxB AM>kVlV_ cuz x|]BkVF, V\z

z>k u|]BkVF, J D>kVF, \M> B> >w] F>kVFsBk^ ZD xD\ x>V v__VNkv_D!

>VD > > >], > w\BV _ k_ 12 ]w\BV N 11D g| c][Bu WB]B x |mk>uV k,vVx BV q_V!! BV _V!![ kVm >[ BVtm|V|D, ]KD mV|D >DxBV[M _ (V Z) {Fk|>kVD,V(\B\VF) zD kVF, c][ [VkVlom \m kVm VV^.

c kVB WBV kV DV VV, >VMuz mV BVMzD, B]zD, c g>VB

]\V sDB uzD, BkfizDq_V v__V Nkv_D k[c \ AmflEB Bm! V][kflElV_ | > V^ gEBD,_k>D wm W[ V V> aD>B kflEl >|D, >\m ]DB_D \_|]!

>B]_ i [D V]...

V][ *m VAflE V BkV]^>V^ wm V VDB> * EKkV^

[ B_ VtB^ *m B|m aWmD kV_ xBVm >VuVl. >D Dt ]\V ^ > V]KD EB lV VtBD >VuVkm kVBVsm! V^ >m V^ xu Vm,VtB T^ kVkD >B >B]_i q_ v__V Nkv_D [Dx> (V>) ul>V^. >[ V\V]_ VtB TB { >\Vg[* ] k| ] Vfl F>m.

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VD Vm...

M VtB T>V_ T] xBVm[> [z> Bk^, >VM[ z> kV|>m VDB ]flBVDivide & Rule Policy (m gD) ]> u|]. >Vkm k>k>V_ k|km V, V> a V>u VkB km a x FB|>u zD \m!

zs[ c V> uk^V m VtB \VuD, zwxoDB u|>D xm sm.kz mBV BV kB \Vuk>uVVtB kD >> B]D, VMD\z V> u c fll_ (\V,V[V, V, \m) V[ku_ \D am

V> VsD m V.kkD V[A, >V, , zg[

{m>_ \D F>_, >h\V >_, V>sBVBVD F>_, c\V sz kVz>_, k\]>_, *Vm, \m, V]VV[ku >|>_ [ fl B_^ JD V]uz ~\VV i q_ v__VNkv_t[ x [D V>D,c^k\V \BV>BD |m xoDB~\V >|\Vfl Fms|, VtB \V>BT] s [ x>_ [ k m>\V B_| E

E kuD | k[V^ > Bk^!(k[ ] ku ]B!!!)

VD \V [AD, ]V_ kD zw^, V>^, ]V[flE V[kuom VtB VmV VBDv__V N kv_\k^ _kx[sA, _ >_\B x Fm^V^. ku^ Eku VVD...

[B \suz [ V [D[B \suz [ V [D[B \suz [ V [D[B \suz [ V [D[B \suz [ V [DB gE 30 g|^ \|\ >VDB gE 30 g|^ \|\ >VDB gE 30 g|^ \|\ >VDB gE 30 g|^ \|\ >VDB gE 30 g|^ \|\ >VD

m cD\]^ 73 V kV^, > >s, \u m 72 ]D [kV^. [ kaxD,VV[ kaxD [uBk^ \|\V> [kV^.

\VD BV[ \[\^...

[> t[M \[] V tD JvV _V[> t[M \[] V tD JvV _V[> t[M \[] V tD JvV _V[> t[M \[] V tD JvV _V[> t[M \[] V tD JvV _V[ V FB ([ V FB ([ V FB ([ V FB ([ V FB ( B)])])])])] -

mkD z [ >VV> [B[ JvV NvVD kD V[NvVD k> >]_ V[ cD\s|fl _[;[ \_V k

kD VBD v__V N kv_\k^s>V^.

_VD\ \[ z[> \V F[_VD\ \[ z[> \V F[_VD\ \[ z[> \V F[_VD\ \[ z[> \V F[_VD\ \[ z[> \V F[\V _VD\ kVo \[ kVV k g]\V _VD\ kVo \[ kVV k g]\V _VD\ kVo \[ kVV k g]\V _VD\ kVo \[ kVV k g]\V _VD\ kVo \[ kVV k g]\[ g>V k[ \[ v k h_ \[ \[ g>V k[ \[ v k h_ \[ \[ g>V k[ \[ v k h_ \[ \[ g>V k[ \[ v k h_ \[ \[ g>V k[ \[ v k h_ \[ k V_ >Vk V_ >Vk V_ >Vk V_ >Vk V_ >V

kV! kz V[ V D kzBVkV. k E>k D EVBV, k>k D VBV. kz mA>kzD mAkVBV. k A>k D

AVBV. k[ AD ]B> W|mkVBV; ^ VBD v__V N kv_\k^, B_V [ k[ B mcB]BkV _V>gVsD fiEV^.

g>D l[ kD, l[Bfl>D, AVD l[ >D JvV l[ fl>D, ~vV l[ k>D V sDAkV >Vo[ \[ BVD.

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V V[k, k Vm k]uz VzD.

B zkVF >Vy^, c\l_ k[ z|D]_ V.

B! [M_ S, V[ cDt_[[.

\VD vV[ \[\^...

_ v \[ k V t_ v[ v[ [ V|D, V[ v V|Dc^[.

tfl E kB]_ \VD v[ B_V[ >km kk> AM> V v__VN kv_\k^, ]V> hDg(k^w\) zVk V]l_ W] s|, tD_m km \VD vV >\m \l_ ]

tD_ VF cVm V|;\]_ c^kVm, k (\VD v[ B_V [k)B|], Ez\V s| zVk>V>V^.

q ZD xD\ x>V v__VN kv_\k^ >Vl[ \BD q][Wl_ zD Vm, E kB]V \VD v[B_V [ sBVV >[B VVs[(VV[) >V^_ VV. >m [>V^om zD k VB\k^ VB_ gV [> q]_ ]|]V^.

>V x> z, \uk^ VB]D kmzw>B sV\! [. >uz AM>V Vz V>B! >[ >V_>VBkV, V[ Em D [B >V_>VV[ [V^.

x \VD v[ B_V [k[ sBVV> Ek_ Ek[, \Vt[ V>D \ >[ x]_ EV^k> V> VBD v__V N

kv_\kz flEk[ *m ] BD cVsm. [V _V, \\l_ kVDkB uVVD V[ V Fk[[V^.

fi> V! BV #V! v[, v[...

_V ]zgM_[\V m_V o(z)N [zx (z)v _ ] k >NzD>V B z|DV>V! _V c >om (Vkom) #\VD,>|]D >\Vk sDAV[. (33:33) [k> B Vm VBD v__V Nkv_\k^ >\m Vkz^ , V]\V, v[, v[ B_V[D gBk W] kV! >V [TV! k >|mkVBV! [fiEV^.sk : cDx v_\V B_V [Vsk : cDx v_\V B_V [Vsk : cDx v_\V B_V [Vsk : cDx v_\V B_V [Vsk : cDx v_\V B_V [V

Vkz^ nkD > Vm Bk V, >_VD [? c\z >V[m VB\k^ (v__V Nkv_D) sk, [ V_ [ ] \V]D,VB\k^ [ >V[! [V^.

, _VD km qK\VB xD\x>V v__V N kv_\kD E>l[ z|D>V ( m) kV kV>z|]Bm! c>sBk^ BV? Bkfi^BV? c> sDAk^ BV? 72 V

[k^ BV? c\BV Jt[VB [ k_ \V [k^ BV? V[ ^szVD >> ]D, kVuD VVD!

K_ m^, VV^, >VX[^, >>VX[^, oBV^, ^ gBVEm;> AM>V _V[ >VMoms|V\_, kV[ flEom s||,DxB ~\VD \m z|D>V[ ~\VDVmVVD! gt[gt[gt[gt[gt[!

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x>_ V Ey B_V [...

^ VBD xD\ x>V v__VN kv_\k[ cB_ \suz [ VtB

VDVB> ka ] _k>uz, V [DVtB gEBV WB\D FB [vVD,xVD >VVEm, k^ kVFv__V N kv_\kV| zl_>BkD; N B][ Vm ^ VBDv__V N kv_\k[ kD,D, x[AD, [AD \V \V m km][ >Vz>om VVuk>uV >[Dw m>kD; > V[ \BD >V\V>D V|m s|, T_ > s| kmk]S^? >uz _VkD kmqD (v__V N kv_D)

]>> cs _V\V V_ V|V...

s_ flEz szD, A_A_ kz Ds_ flEz szD, A_A_ kz Ds_ flEz szD, A_A_ kz Ds_ flEz szD, A_A_ kz Ds_ flEz szD, A_A_ kz D[> V EyVB z _Vs[[> V EyVB z _Vs[[> V EyVB z _Vs[[> V EyVB z _Vs[[> V EyVB z _Vs[q Vm\VkVF V.q Vm\VkVF V.q Vm\VkVF V.q Vm\VkVF V.q Vm\VkVF V.

V]_ >[B \[ V[D W[ l>, xo\V \VB [A >\m>>lD V_o V|l_,

{! >>B! > V]_, DkV[ l_ | x E^, gV_ [ >>VD , {B [ B >|msm[>uz,>>BVB Ey k^ >D \V, \! x El>VKD [ kcl[ ] xBVm _VkDkm qD (v__V N kv_D)x[M|]BkD; ~\V[ [m q_Vv__V Nkv_\ >D cl s ]\V

E> kVm VBk\V; FB]V Ly B_V [kB >[ x>_VkV >>|>.

U v B_V [D, c\ >V B_V [D_VD x]V|, LyB_V [k Vm |^ c^B ]B\VD () F>.k >Vm \u [vVD, xVD]B\VD () Fm V|>.

N 11D g| (. 632) _ k_ \V>][ kVF w\ zVB VUy[ [D kaVu V[ gEl[ mk VVzD.]V> l_ |m V|, >k>V ]ssm sV_, _Vs[ x[ V z|\! B> VmD, koB km >s >D

>V^_ \>> c>kVF, \BmkB sB >s kBkV cm>sB u, \m[ sl_, \^ x[ W[VuVakVuB x>_ cl_...........

x>_ Vs[ x>_ c...

{, \! V[ c^ >kV >>|[, D c VKD V[E>k[ _. V[ >Vkm >k^ F>V_, []m^. kM^! c\BVm \BD;VFBVm ]BD V| k_m. c_ Bk

kz w ] u|D k [MDkoBkVk V^. c_ koBk^]lwl_ [MD BkVk V^!

k\V ^, kVk _Vs[V>l_ V|k]om ( [D flVV]om) [VV k _Va|mkV[. >fl J]_ y\^ \o[kV>[ *m _V V> zkV[.

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^ z ||^, _VkD kmqD (v__V N kv_D) V[||D k, _VzD km qKzD(v__V N kv_D) V[ |VsV_,D z ||k]om sz|T^!

A]>V V> uVk^ VV| \A >s> Vm, V k^_Vs[ *m gBV u o[ VV| kBk[, > cBkD V|ms|D, k > V| \>V_,k]V V[ V>V|[ \_ka|]V^.

BkfiD tz> B]^, VM^\B zwD ss> \B]KD, xv\V,k [L, mV V[ VFB^ > [ \ zw]_ g]B \B]KD Vk^ m> kB |m \VVuV^. V k[ xBuEBV_,VtBz ]V >V_ V|m k>~VMB^ \uD V\VMB^ V^. 24,000 V VtB 1,50,000 VV\VMB B ]m ku um, Vk[ g[* QVD >D Tz VFfl|T cJB> V\VzD.

>kV [D Bfl> >D c^]_ \>V k^, V>V g c|]BkVF,

B c ckVF, o_ V[A VukVF, xkmD V>]_ ( k]_) a>kVF,\V^ _V\_, >[ w T^ _V\_>[>MBV AM> \ym >s_ kBkzc>sBVF >DxB V> ]Bk, >DxB 63kB]_ N 13D g| \V] _ g 21D V^ (22Aug634) c][ [V kVlom \m kVwgD>V^. V kB gEVD 2 g|VD 3 \V>^ gzD.

qo[ Vsom wA...

V k[ AM> c_ km ], \_V k k[ ]V_Vu Mm. c\ B_V[sV_ >V >u, ^ VBDv__V N kv_\k[ V Z[kV_ x[ km V| W[ vVx vVx vVx vVx vVx BV q_V, V>V ....BV q_V, V>V ....BV q_V, V>V ....BV q_V, V>V ....BV q_V, V>V ....[ B V>lom czK_ _ czK_ _ czK_ _ czK_ _ czK_ _ [ D k s|^[ D k s|^[ D k s|^[ D k s|^[ D k s|^ [ AM> zo[w kD su AM> Vv__V N kv_\k[ AM> fizV V k[ AB ]xD zDD FBm.

s AD ][ u> V k^, x sBV V> \VD v[B_V [k >D _ # V| [>VF>> >z D! VBo_ ^ ~][VB v__V N kv_\ V_ _kVS^? \_V kk V_]_B! [ V^ B s>B o> \_V kD Em \>V^.

20 21


13/54


VD V c\ V B_V [...

\ VBD xD\ x>V v__VN kv_\k[ >B VF> ]DAk[(m_V _VN t[ Vo) kVV| mDBk; _Vs[ fl k> kVmD fiD m, VBD v__VN kv_\k[ | V xBV\_Vz V> ukD, mkD [[xuV]>V_ c\ (B_V [) BV>z>k v__V N kv_\kV_Aw _Vz_ gD FB]V c\B_V [ kB, L]B_V [ >DxB >VwV VV\D >VVEm VD VkVWB\D F>V^. > >Vm V c\ V

B_V [s[ _ xVD,[vVD, \D ]B\VD ()F>V^.

VD Vs[ x>_ c...

N 13D g| \V]_ g \V>D 23D V^V [D V V uVV^.\m sl[ x[ W[ \ V Jt[[>k, \ VD c_ k!, V Ey B_V [s[ B A [ \DVl>V_, VKD V [D V

u \V[ [ u >w>w> zo_ BkV>D cB] BV _V! V[ k[\xBkV[, [ \[\|mkVBV. V[\V [, [ ko\|mkVBV,>B> s| [ >B> |mkVBV [D mD fiEB s>D \[c^_ ul> VsB fl>D]|>D >MBfl F>m.

E \]uz z c]BV zo_\!

m zD czD |\BVV>V\VzD. _Vs[ *m gBV, [x[kD c[ _V flEzD V yVbk[. [MD |D V V[k s\V[. _kaB V|k^[Mtm [\B Vk. >kVE> >kz \ukD m cDkl_, V[ BV VD A|k[. ^ [c^[V| uV^T^ [ V[ DA[.VD cB >kVm aBD Ak[ [c] [. x>VB> kalM_ K>kaV *m \BVm, VVs[ [_Vs[ *m gBVfl V_[ V[ cV kalM_ wmfl _k[.

sBkBV_ >VVB 12 | {B ]> V k^, >VoVV VB \|D l_ ] cV k> Vm \M>^\|\_, VuD, AD, KD, D kzm W[. k kVuVEB^ ] [V_\B c\ V B_V [k! [[.

_ WkVD...

V k[ gEV]_ VtB gE22 m 51 glm 30 m \_^ sBm.V]uz >V_ V|m k> VD,V\VMBD . x>VB z>kBV m_ \V_m_ \V_m_ \V_m_ \V_m_ \V_ [D Vm Vm

Wk| w, Bk zD, V[ VV>VkflE zD B[|>m. ]\[D]]D \| flE^ >[ J\Vym. Vbk >\lD \|V[ VmVA c] FBm. VDkVFV_D \m. \>vV^ Wk|,V_oV|zD gEBz ]BD Wlm.Vk_ WBD EflVD \| >kFkz BV >D V|m.NN NN N [D VtB g| |D x

22 23


14/54


\B x|>m. \^ >V|A, u^ x|>| WBD \uD V> FBm.g>kukz g> WB^ \>_ V[x>VB^ \uV^| \[ >k^Wkum.

V\ uA>^...

g[* QV>V_ ]]> V k^k| V _ ]z >D ], > kuV>k]BV \VuV. >DxB VkBV_ \l[zD u> ||]V^. >DxB \kVQV>V_, >D\ V k> zs]_ ci>[k Vm _V k aVV kM[y\B s|D, zw> s|D flx>VB>VVV fiEV^. (20 g|z zc\V[ B_V [k V F>mV_ kD k[ [m [V_ >B k>m) x LBVs[ *m V>V| ]|l_ z k>m, zk [ V k^kA[ x> ] V|, l_ mV^D \m sV^. (20 g|z zc\V[ B_V [k >VB k >[kD, 24 g|z z Vs_ \_V kk V F> m \V[ x_D xV] [kD zs_ >> \^[V c>)

AM> \yVs[ T]l_ V m V|

_l_ V [D V[ VsDxl| ]D _l_, k Em D kM>V k^, k[ flE_ V t_>m m_V B_V[sD >s>V^.

\V^ V >Vl[ Vm V,V k, [ ]om 6 x zkVV_z]s|, > kal[ >[D \VFmVV[. VMBV VD, V JvVD

V]]uz c>sBk [m [V_|m. ]_ JvV[ [k[ V>u Vm V_ m BkfiD (kV) F>k[gkV[.

63 kB> l> V k^, N 23Dg| m_ \V>D E V^ (zkVV_>V Vom 3 km V^) kol[ V|\B>V V| [D kV kVz, Ows\VA [ VkB V| c kVlom\m kVw (>VV^) gD>V^.k[ AM>tz \V Z x>_ Vs[B c^m. 2D V k[ \V>gEVD 10 k^ 6 \V>^ 4 V^ gzD.

\ VxD V VED...

x kB]V > \VD v[B_V [! 2D Vs[ \V m_VB_V [sD, c[ >> [ VV[\>V! [ B>, >D >>BV VsD z| VV m_V B_V[. > sV>uV >D \[ [ 2DV, \VD v[ B_V [kmD, >[ \MD B> ]D ^ ssBmD, \V\k^ ^ [ VVV[\^ >V! ]>mD, g> [\V\ >s, k l_ m V|,V v__V N kv_\k[ AM> VxVuz [ 2D V k^BV! q_V!

v__V N kv_D [B >VF>>>z D! >V, c^ V \VDv[ B_V [ , c[ \[ VEBD V^, > B>fl Fm, \V\k[ B>D flFm> ]|] VV^. V k^ zDkl_, > VE]> >[ >l[ l_kmsD V^. >V_ c\[ ( B_V[) xfl >]lzD \\ [ cVzD \m VV^.

24 25


15/54


J[VD V c\V[ B_V [...

c\ V B_V [ >\m]> c>kV, c\V[, , >_V, h, m \V[ , v kV B_V[D \X[ gB 6 V zk\m >z^ 3 km Vk >V^^[D, >[B \[ m_V B_V [gVl_ m V^|D gV_ WflB\VVkV >>| Vm [DlV^.

m \V[ B_V [ J[_ J[ \B mBV \[\VVk gVFm V>]_, \[ mB B

c^ >VVD VkD; \[\D, DVkD; VBD xD\ x>V v__VN kv_\k[ \xmh[[ ( uk) D ukD;skD VbD kl_ Vz> cBkD;V\ z][ \V c\V[ h[[B_V [kB \^ >[ VkVu V^ >BVV V^ >B k>m.

N 24 xD \V>D 4D V^ \m[ sl[x[ l> \^ ]^ x[, c\V[B_V [kB VkV sm

m \V[ B_V [ x>Vk>VD, \_V k Vk>VD 3DVs[ _ (]B\VD)F>V^. > >Vm \u VV \D,\D, Fm V|>.

V c...

70 kB> > V k^ \ V,\! A]>V z] uD Ak[ B D

cz ABV\_ >>_, V[ cBVu wDuk_! [V _V! cBVB QV>_V z >kV[, _V VV_, V[ VcD xBV| cBVuk[ >[B VcsV_ Vk ||] VV^.

\V^ Vl_ > ]_, V k^_Vq VuA>kV, [ \![MD |^ V V[ uV[, nBt[ V[, z x[ VF>k >VkB[, B\ >M kaVk_. _Vz fiE V^k> V>B>V c^m! VD kVm V B D \V s B { TV m.

DxB kVVV WBu>V m.\\l[ z D > s\ gVm.>[ V^ WBVkD _. >[ E\DV>D ]k\_, u\V [gD |^ c kfiEm s V>! V[ k[.

J[ sB^, cB zw>D,ka|D cV s|D V[ czW fl F[.

xB sB^ J[...

1. _k][ xD, V[ >xD.2. |Vu >\V, >VA.

3. ]\B >kV sD V^_.

xoDVB VD |VuzJ>k^! > |V \ukzD u\ k^. V[ cD k|k>_VD\V> \#F\[ b^. c\B WWm^! cB c^[AD, u\D WkflF^. kDA *V]^, _Vs[V]uz gVVy^. \D > VlV,\VlV kk>uz x[ [\ >V^^.

26 27


16/54


BV_ \Vk[ >[ B_ uE]k! \\V >kB kVV_>V^k![V^.

x] \V]D \>_...

xD\ x>V v__V N

kv_\k^ V x]V 5 g| VDB[|]B _Vq_xD\_Vq_xD\_Vq_xD\_Vq_xD\_Vq_xD\ [ ]\]DV]B \V]D, x>_ Vs[ _ 22222 1/4g|D, 2D Vs[ _ 1010101010 1/2 g|D, 3DVs[ _ x>_66666 g|D gE A>m. Z [ u_ >k s> > AM> \V]Dk >D \VB\VF \>m. q_Vv__V N kv_\k[ V[V| cV> \V]][ V_ V[D B gEl_ V>^ wV\_, ^ FBV\_, fl^ bV\_ gE >Bm.AM> \V]D >Vm V V^ x>_ 3D Vs[WD\] mD >Vm Vl. V>D,zwD w gD>m!

wKD \uKD VD sm sxoD[ VB >VBm. M\Vs_ _kxD xoDB Bm.>kV[z uVz uk VV\, _,zV>D, k[\D, t[\, V[ z|^xs| mkB > B[|] VVMD, B]D; VtBD ,VtB\V>D zw |] s| g]>

>[ D *|V^ m>\V B_.

\[ Vom k> B]_ k[, >mB vV [ \Vu V| >VD xoD [ Bkfi Vkz^ m V|\B fl mD, xoDB]zgM[ E k {]V >kV>>D, \[ s[\B >\z V>\VB[|], x[ [, [ [ E VB(c\BV, VD V]B) \BD,

zV>>D km s>V[.

> \V V[ zwD...

QVD Wm sB \yV ]_ vVsB B_ |V>>V_ V, LBV, mV[ _ \m V| >\z g>kV

cV F V V| >s[xfl]KD, {k ]zt]KD _BVL[ >\V>V^ V \D [ w m >]_\^ \VF _! \V[ g^ x >k\ k>[, V gEl_ z x_. V gE FB >z>k _! [ V\\ \D zw, >\z g>kV mV > > Bk^.

>D, WD sV^BV> TD, V\D VV|m V| \V[ g \VuB yk|D ( g[ \VuD Bkfi B_zV> |mk>uz V>\Vk \D[m VtB sV][ VzD) gVVVKD V> ]]KD xDxDV. gV_ Vk V FD suzk[ \W \Vs_ [m>V[ c\, gV_VsBV| [l> Bkfi^ VkBD V Fms|, V> VsB[>l_ VaB V|s|, c][Vklom \m V|, VtB >k^kVkD V[ ym sV_ V>

k[ am sVD [ >[ yskV> B_>.

m mB st^ sB s>mV> VV \^, \V>V[ \_ V>V| ]B> Vk^ u V^s_, VD .... > xot[ clD >\V V_ sDs_,\KD \V> k^ AV>k, >[kDA V>k kD V_ V[ \]

28 29


17/54


\V[ [ V k^ >|m sV^.

EBVs[ gV > JgsBVB_V [ k^ , h, >_V B_V [D gBV ]mV[ cD xm\ > \Vk ms| m _[, _Vs[ > Vs[

B m, ^ kz mA^[V. > V^ J[ V m , h, >_V B_V[D gBV >M>MBV ]m, >VkV gk V^ km^VD V^. gV_ DJkD VFB[ flDV\_ V V, q_Vv__VN kv_\k^ x[s> kV_ ] y iKD, y \kVsKD,kLKD VBtzk k^ VBtB> V k A>. MDV^ \_V ks[g>kV^ [ \VB>Vu> V\ \Bu|]! (VD zw> \KD ]|>k!)

J[VD Vk VVuB \VD v[ \VDv[...

hDg BVM_, VuVakVu V>3D V *m, V^ _ m m VkJflz^V. \VD v[ B_V[ \uD \>Vw^ kV] V ABx] Vm, \B]om > V k^,

AM> v__V N kv_\k^ ml_V^D AM> ] \yV! >l_ \VV^ Vm lV^. V^>z > kVFA \KD B[|]V|, V x]B VoBV >BV Fm, zwD >D V >D, gDVoBV >BV Fm ]_ g>V\V Vo Vx]BD |; V\ \B 3D Vs[ *mkAflEB cV.

zwD xu V k[ _] mV V^, Vsuz cD, >D xBV> w u|]. \VD v[,v[ B_V [\V V k[ _kVlM_ Vk_ Vm V| >^l_ VBu V|D >.

T^ V k^, VlV D\BV( B_V [V) V, VBD v__VN kv_\kD [ >VwV ,c\ B_V [\V kD V[ [,DJkD c\V ! [ cDx[ V[A ], V^V]VD, s m kVD! \>V^.k tfiElzD Vfi ]_ V[ ]\B {]V^[ ]zg ]m {>VV^.

J[VD Vs[ V>...

V k[ T[ [A \ul[kaBV c^ Ow> Bkfi^ (xVz^),Vk zkVV_ >V, >| x> VlVD\BV[ (B_V [V) V[z s_mm V Vs[ cD_ zkV^Bm. E]B >D {]V> ]\l[\ sw V k^Am _ V(Vs[ k V| V[ ~uD u[) x V^.

k u cz _VVm\Vk[ (2:137) [ ]\l[ V_ cD

>D x>t|D VBD v__V Nkv_\k^ x[s>B >B A]> V VlV D\BV V VzDV>, \uV Bkfi[ (B], VMBV VtBVkz^ >k[) Vs[ >B]_ ~BVF, k[ V_ VE> V k[]k>D >l_ VF>m! ([Vo_VN k [VN V[). Vk V F>k^, >uzx[V_ BV\ V]V> AmxVk >[m VlV D\BV[ (B_V [V)

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18/54


kVzJD gzD.

V V_ F]B> B_V [ k[ c_ E>V_ V]>m!M c x V^ k, cz (Bkz)ak >s kV[\l_! fl >V^.

N 35D g| m_h \V>D 18D V^ >VV k[ \V> gEVD zB 12g|^ gzD. >VzD Vm V kBkBm 82 gzD.

VlV D\BV ( B_V [V), Vk[ > > \VB, >[k| V[z s_[ EBVs_ gV c^ * xgsBV B_V [suzV^. > g, [ \z VV c\V[ B_V [ k[ Vza kV yD >\uV^.

V B_V [ kV_>>Vz ]zg[, V c\ VB_V [kV_ VmV|, Vs[\D (VBD v__V N kv_\k[\sBV Fl>V vV B_V [V)kD > x]zg[,V c\V[ B_V [ k[xBuEBV_ ]zg[ ]^ _ |m.V, \V, \V x\V \uD vV V[\V_ c^ \^ {mk>uzD, Am V^k>uzD

mkV kV V[ mBV| ]zg[ ]m. ]zg >D fi_ x[\>Vl> V^, Vm >\m _ ]V|; \z {mD xB (>VD u > xB)>kV u V|>.

V[VD V \_V k...

_\V Vm_Vs[ c^B m,^ VBD v__V N kv_\B x>[x>V ]m Vm, VBD v__V Nkv_\k[ VM 4 kB]om km k>Ek; >\m 6D kB]_ > Dk\V, yVB_V [V k]_k[ kk[ kk[ kk[ kk[ k[ fl E>V>> \V k|> zc>k BV? VBD v__V Nkv_\k^ \B]_, V[ c>k[V[ c>k[V[ c>k[V[ c>k[V[ c>k[ l_ flEk B[, \KD flEkD,>uV c\m z|D> xkm\ _Vs[ V>l_zVM (]BVD) V| k k\? [ VBDv__V N kv_\k^ >uz,cV V[, [D, m z|D>VDcV V[, [D, m z|D>VDcV V[, [D, m z|D>VDcV V[, [D, m z|D>VDcV V[, [D, m z|D>VD

[D _VkuD zVMBV g V^[D _VkuD zVMBV g V^[D _VkuD zVMBV g V^[D _VkuD zVMBV g V^[D _VkuD zVMBV g V^D\][D\][D\][D\][D\][ flEkB] >\m z|D][zVMB _VqKz V| E>D VFB]V _ > \_V kk^,V c\V[ B_V [ k[ VflF]BV_ s] V|, Vm\[ ] >sm>M\l_ V am V>V^.

V^...

V^ \_V kkfl]m |> V> ^ uV^ (D

Fk^ l[ g>kV^ [ kD>uV) k|D kuA]. VkWBtm c^ B_, m VV[ c\ V kaB sV^. gV_VV! VVD, \yVkVED>m, >\l_V J]_, c\V[B_V [s[ Vz akVzD >]_,sZ>^ zD kVFA c^m, k >\B(Vk) > Fkm k kEBD \[\]_ BD > >Vus>.

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19/54


z \yVkVED, VV^ D \_V kk > km, V> uz\VW]>V^. >z]Bk_kV! >\B uk|D \_V k , [c s >z]Bk _ kD _! \^ ]>. >_V, h(B_V [D) gB kD V>

\_V k^ kD V> uV^^, V[ cz \flV (x[>Vz c>sBm V) m A[[[V^. >uz skD c[s_. [A\yVkVE^ \uD vVV^ D \_V ks[ _ |^ c^B [ (]B V\D F>.> >Vm \[ k>>V_ >_V, h (B_V [D) gBV\_V ks[ _ F>. v kV B_V [k^, [ uB > kD V^kVD, \^ [ sB> V[uV^k[ [kV >^ _ >k>Va\m sV^. kV N 35D g|m_ \V>D 25D V^, FB]V x>V \_Vk, _Vs[ V>V_ V][ 4DVkV >>|V^.

V[VD Vs[ x>_ hDg zV...

k^w\ >VB > k> V\D, BxD k_\D V]B _V

\z kaV|k>uz ]zg ^V[.[\^, y\^ mD ]_ s|^.[\ u y\^ Vkoms W_K^. _V>gV! c^ *ms]BV^ku ^ uV^^,>uz V ^ V> T^.

k[, AM> tB B|]sV[. xot[ cl \u V^>Ds sB>>V sV[. xoD [|

c>s kVw k[ |\BV fl[V[. kB>VKD, VkVKD xoD^ WD\] VVk xo\VkV. zumz \V kDAz >B Wkuk>uz ]\V> xo\D m[Amkm gz\V>_.

V\[ fl ^ u kVD.

c_ kVkD \> g k^m.cz x[ \m [k^ >>ktV^. kVB \BVV^^. >[ \\B kaVmVk[ ^ m V^^.

^ _Vsuz fiE V^^, \\V_ ^, c^ WA[^ uD V_uD sV|T^. k[ z\VV> s| > V^^. l_z>kVD, tl[ _ V> V>D ^ W ^! cBVuV^.

V> u \]\, h, >_V \uD \ >Vw^ (B_V[D) A]B Vk ]m, >^ W>BVx]B Vs[ Vz a kV k|D k|]V^. >uz V k^, zw^{B|D, WkVD W V^|D. >[[ WflBD V[VBV a y[ [V^.

\yV _ m^ VB

]> VBV^ V\ \ flEflF>. >V_ x c\V[ B_V[s[ Vfl Dk> sV z|mDVm 16 glD kV^^ cBm W[, V^ >V[ x]BVk V[VD! [ B W \yV V]l>m!

zwxD, xD \ ]> Wl_,V \yVsom kBu Vk^, >\m > \yVsom VsuzD,

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20/54


V[ Vl[ \VV[ g^\Vu>D u|> kB>Vlu. \V>D,\\BD \|\ V> Vs[ Vkz cg>VBD s_. k c g>VB> wmsk^, Vsuz ]VD B_VV^.

* xgsBV B_V [

k^, A]B VkV \_Vks[ V> u \m, VBV>]\V ck s>VD, VBV ay >DtD z\V VD kmD!V[ V\ xoDD ]wzDV|\^! k[ BkfiV c\V[B_V [k V F>k^! VoAm V^ BV> xoD \[ \W!VBV >sm \u V\ xoDz]lw xBV> Vs[ VtB \VgE WkV> W|> x|> V]BDzBk^ [D [V> zV[k^, [D Vsuz V>]k F>m.

[B zwkV][ BkfiD...

BkfiV vV, ci>, vV,vZ V[k^ gVEm, m^ VtB>k > ]KD s>]KD [ sVm>|>uz ka; k>\V k^ D\ msVKD, VD s s Vm. kB B_ k|D. VD V|D V

xoDB u|k>uz _V kBV kaDVD FB k|D >\m z >.

h, >_V B_V[D \uD [ glV B_V [VgBV[ , \_V kk x]B Vs[ Vz a y>uVvV [ ]_ ]> Vm, q_Vv__V Nkv_\k^ x[s>

fl W h, >_VB_V [D \uD [ glVB_V [V gBV \V>V kaz wAs|m \]BV w u|> xBuE VzDVm, AKD ]] \]> V_Az> Bkfi^, u BVD ]V V s>\V >VgDm |V F>. sD

>>\m VmVuV k V_ z]m, x>[xBV xoD^ xoD >V gD>.]l_ h, >_V B_V[D gBV Bkfi^ V F>.glV D\Vk (B_V [V) Bkfi^zD Vm, V k^ m>\V B_|[B *| VmVV \yVsuz k>V^.

, c\, c\V[(B_V [D) gBV > xVD[vVD >>|>VV, > \[\[D VkV >>|m^. k skV\VD Fm >km kEBD ] *xgsBV B_V [k ||> >D[ [ V k^ L[ [ ]_V[z \V>D V]m \V>VD u ka FmVzD VmD, l[ g>kV^ \V]m V|, D ss> m_V vVs[ g^ Vk, * xgsBVs[El_ Owm V { zD_vV>V\VV m^ ( l[ z|D>V)*m k> { mk ck s>V^.

, * xgsBV (B_V [D)V[ D xoD >k[ flEB >z (Bkfi^ )V>\VB[|] VV^.

VBV^ D...

E >V^ gD]_ \_VkkB >[ VkV uV.gV_ E Wl_, * xgsBV

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B_V [ \uD k[ ]BV k^ \[\B \uV^kmD,]zgB kDA_ |k[ >m\V B_ Vk\VzD ] ,* xgsBV, D g (B_V [D)gB JkD, >m >VMB k V|V^ WVk^ #uV^. [D

DJkD \]zD V> Vs \D V>]B V FBD, m[A>D F>.k W\B \V>uV \_V k, Bkfi_ sVVZBV^ *m V>V|m VtB \V>VVuV^.

s kVV_ V[VD Vs[ V>...

kV[ V]_ VZBV[ >V_, ku kVB \_V kl> V]KD, V[ \BD E VZX[^clw>uV >BV s. k^ D >*t, m_V >*t, m\V[ x_D xVy gB JkD V_ ]_ ( >V), xB D g, * xgsBV, \_V kgB JkD V FB ]t.]tB N 40D g| DV[ \V>D 17_(k^w\) >VB mk>uV V^kVo^ Ow> V \_Vkk \]m, 40 V^ s]_ k]>kVV_ >VV^. VB kB m \V[

x_D xVyD kz>sBV [kDF>. \u VVD V_ [k^>\m ] Wkuk]_ \Vu\]>.

Vs[ kV_ ~uD u[ A>kV V k^ >l_ VF>V^. m\V[ x_D xVyD V[. >\m 63 kmkB> ] V> V, s][ TB]V_3 V^ koB >V VkV, q_Vv__V N kv_\k[ x[s[

c\m \D VBV WD [ c\>B> | \D >kV, ckVlom \m kVw gD>V^. Vk[ c] km V[ { z]l[\_ u z \B V _ s| \VDv[, v[, FBV (B_V[D) gBV ]Ds. \V >Vw_

[ V[_ s[ V_ cB>m V_,V \_V ks[ V[KD\VB\VF \>m [m { kVBm.

k[ VV|...

V \_V ks[ \fl F]| * xgsBV B_V [kD >V^. k kV>V>_VD k]m V ]B >V^ Vm w >k [? >D \slD, >Vo[ > \M[\>V| >B \>D \VAD c s|> [> B\VVF! [D, WflB\V k^ [ VKD E>k! cB>k! V^.

V[ QV][ \V [[; >[Ow kVlV V^. [ q_Vv__V N kv_\k[ kV[ \VV [D \kV QV[ \VD,g[* QV][ u VD szD \_V k k^, ], \, >kV(B]), [A gBku WW] V][

\B >VBm 4 k^ 8 \V>^ 9 V^ gzD.\>kVl_ V k^, >\m \VB

\VD v[, \VD v[ B_V [Dk V _Vs[ fl> V|cz V[ W|[. c g>VB [> ^ BVy^. cD c >k|\VV_ k|D. c^ om s|VzD[ u ^ k V^ kVD.]B][ *m VmD c]BVF ^. WBVB

38 39


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Vz ]V ^. ] wkz c>kV ^. ]zgM[ *>c^ kVB \m V^^. _Vs[V>l_ VV|k]_, c^ clD VDm Vl^. _VsB]_ kB zD V|>Vy^._V c Vm V^kV[. [ V]>V^.

V k[ \ >]_ [> m_V [kD \u >VwD,V^ cwm sV\Vl[, \VD v[ B_V[ kD (]B\VD)FBV\V? >uz, V k^, >u cz V[ lt_. c>M[ >|t_.... x FmV^^! V^.

n>VD VkV >k...

| kBm k >\m VVV ~][VB, ^ VBD xD\m qK_Vv__V N kv_\k[ \lKD>VKD >k>kD; , c, Vk_ ^VBD v__V N kv_\ V_>Vu\kD;Vm #_ kV \VD v[ B_V [ kB>[ 5D VkV u V|, V _ kV>xoD \V_ |^ c^ > [(]B\VD) Fm V|| V[D B gE VA \V\k[ l_m.

\VD v[ k[ zV D...

n>VD VkV \VD v[ B_V[ k^ \ V, V>!cB V>VF kVm, c[ >kVFc ka ]fl [ D >> \_Vk k^ EA uk^. Vv__V N k v_\k[ B uk ] _KD Vm, X_ NvVD >>l[ k]KD, *Vl_ NvVD >>l[ ]KD >kV _Vkz kuB >V[.

^ VBD D >>B u z|D Vm,

B! \\ V_ cD\ V[ EABk^BVD BVm. D^ Jt[^kKD x>[\BVk! _V BVVKD ] [A^kV S. _Vs[D, kMD F> kVz]Wkuk]KD x>[\BV S. |Fk]_ BVkD s E>k. BV\ V__V VKD cB >s u! ^V^.

40 41


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gV_ D >>B u > \_ Es^ [ W>V^? ], WBVBD >kBkV>s_BV? zuflV|z \_ zuflV ^TE, ]l_ D >>l[ cl c kmsV! D >>l[ uz> u x>BV^ BVD z BmV? kcB|]B > [\^ E^.

cz [ V^[; V_t m, \ ( ) DEmD,k^ *m D um kmD >V[! [\^\m V| kD Vm >V[ zD._V^ m| yBV^ x[Mz kD]_ >V[ s>D zD. mVuD tzD Fm sVy^. AD \][ M\B ^sk xBVm [V^.

VD VkV c\ B_V[ kz, l[ V \VD v[B_V [ *m >MBD c|. VB>Vwz cVfl DD kw l_\VD kzD \V>D 5000 ]^ V|m.m \VD k^ V gzD k >m. >\zk>> w, Bkz kV kws| >D >> VV V t \BV kV>V^. \VDk^ x V kVzD Vm D EBV sV|m kVzD Vm sBVV \V\V, \ukz VBV kV kwzD ^> Vz u ] s V|m kVV_[? [>uz \V\k^ m \ukV V[V|m, m [ >kV kVzD Vm E>m [ \BV ]>V^.

s> Buk]KD VuVakVuk]KD EmsB \V\k^ \z QV c> kwV| >V^. c>V\V, >z]BukMD VB> V| Vk> s > VBDWkV\_ > \_! [V^. x * xgsBV B_V [ k^ \V\b >[\, V, TD gBkuuz sD >\V

V^.

>[\:>[\:>[\:>[\:>[\: \V sB_ ]] V^k]_, >[V WBVB\VF B[|mk]_, xoDB]\VF VD V^k]_, \M>D [D,\]D k]_ m!

V:V:V:V:V: BVE>uz x[ Bkz ~k]_,uzmD _Vm[ ]>o_, BV]_ EBD, >V>D y]_ m!

TD:TD:TD:TD:TD: >[fl Vm^Vz VmVAuV| Fk]_, E\\V _ kzBV c>s Fk]_, D, iD DVm \D >Vm A>[\[ ]_ m! >kV \Vttm ]_ u *xgsBV B_V [ k^ \KD sB_ \VtD > u k>V^.

QV V]BV 5D V kz V\B V u\l[\, _kV c\B cV> \[ \VVkD, 3DVs[ Vz VD D kmz|D\! (B_V [D) [ \VB>VuD,l[ z|D>Vz \|D [ > >Mfl EA? [VAflE V Vs[ D V[k^\KD flED zwD >mV>...! >ul_ * xgsBVB_V [ kD x>B Vsuz Fm V| \>m V_ \VD v[B_V [ kzD Fm V|\m VW>D uB #m [Dl>V^.

\V>V #mk \VD v[...

Vm \VD v[ B_V [,V [ \B >V 6 \V>^ E V^ gWl_, [B \suz [ V [D BgE 30 g|^ \|\ >VD \uD v[

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| D ][ \V>V]uz V\VV [ q_V v__V Nkv_\k[ x[sA^ >\m QV]uz k>Wl_, >\m 6 \V> E V^ gEBV| VB\k^s> 30 g|^ xk>> |m, >uDkV\_, > D >kD FB xBV>z >VV\VF >DxB V >sB mm

s|, \^ > g_V> VD gk>uz\t_V\_ { c[z (Agreement) k>V^.

[V[ , 1. ]zg[, ^v__V N kv_\k[ x \uDzVB Vy[B x kuuzsV>\V * xgsBV B_V [ k^\[ *m g]D K> Vm. 2. >\z []V]uz kBk x[B >\zB\Vk >>|m V^ Vm. 3. VD>>VBV, V >>VBV, NV>>VBV _m tl_ kE BVV xo\ >^ >kV >>|m V^ Bc\ xoD z \ c|. 4. >^ cl,V^, kDD gBku VmVm V^D, >\zsk \V\V WBtm V^ \_V k k[ >]lzVm\ c\ c|. [ \VE>mk>D \V\k^ kEB|]V^.

\VD vM[ V>...

\V _slKD, tB QV]KD VV]BVF > \V\k^, AM> \yVs_ \]BV>D z|Dm[ \BVF kVB ]V>V^. gV_ q_V v__VN kv_\k[ \VM> V]B >[M_V> \VD v[ B_V [kV FB m> Bkfi^ k [ >V>k\l>. DzB BV_ sD \V\k[ ~_ m|mVF kV]JD km, > V|\ 3 V^ k>V>m, N 50D kD v \V>D 29D V^

>[B 48km kB]_ \V\k^ >VV^.([V o_VN k [V N V[)

\V\k^ >\z sJB mV Ek \VD v[ B_V [ kD>s \msV^. VD, >D\ V[k> _V Vm\Vk[ [D. zukV BV

>BV> ]_, WV] >, >VDV\V s Vm! [ Bfl (>kV) cs> V>>BVzD. gV_kVuVEB^ \VD v[ B_V [s> V| >Vm , VBk[Bms[ uV_ >m >V[! [V^.

44 45


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VBk[ Bm

N 60D kD * xgsBVB_V [ k^ \>V^._kB_VD wm s V D, BkfiB]zD, VMzD >\m kx>uz _ kl_ V|>m. *]l BVs xoDD >\m flE kl_ swk>uz \m, \, _kD V[ V>c> sDAD uzD V|m >z>kBV VB x>uz Bkfi^>ks_. * xgsBVs[ (B_V[) ] V]B V \^ VV kVz \] \Bl>V^ [mkVuVEB[ >VzD.

* xgsBV B_V [ >\m

\V B> wm >\m ]V kwV^. ]_ \VD v[ B_V[ k B|m sB]_ wFm s>. c\l_ > V >s kmc\B! VD BVkD km >V! [>\m s>! K_ m (l[ z|D>V)s c[ z|D>V ] B|] sV>!VB]KD \V\k[ gV _V\_BuV>! VD BV m m V^!>[ m V^kVBVV_ c ku \V]\_;\\ uuD kVF l>V^.

V[ Bm >VV...gV_ B>V! V VKD \V\V

xVVk (BkfiVk) >V[. \m mkm V> VmD m, sflV]_ ~||km, VB \ >D ]B kmV^km, [D V\V _V VkomD>V\_ >V[. u VBkz VtB\VxD >BVm, K_ m[ \]AD BxD >BVm! [D * xgsBV

B_V [s[ \]_ B]uzD z|[V^ kVuVEB^.

g>D NvVxz x[ VDV >V[ ]F> >V[, VD NvVD V]_D>VD, JvV NvVD V]_ [gD k| >V_ V|>V[. xD\

x>V v__V N kv_D V]_VD, VD km >V_V|m k>k[; Vm \VD v[ B_V[ kz, B>V km >m kBgD>V[ [m BV[ >VzD.

>[ sD Vk[ Bhm...

* xgsBV B_V [ >m\ k][ VD k ]\D FmV^V\B >V^. x \]_ ]VzD \BD, VB >^ [ msm. kol[V|\ >V xBV\_ VVk k]|k>k^, ]\D Fm _]_ ~|V_V|\ >MB kVFA| [ \mk[gVz| V>[ V\Vk >VB >[ VB s\Vk Bm >V[ VtB BVV_ |m.

* xgsBV B_V [s[\> |m, Bm >D\ >V\ VkV smVV[. uk >\ skVED,D >BV|] k>>[ V\V \t, |V[. NV, V, VD >D>\m |Vuz^ km s \VD v[B_V [ kzD, c\[ A>_km_V, h[ A>_k m_V(B_V [D) gBk^ VB\V >[VkV u Fm > k|D. >[ [\yVkVE Wz V|k k|D.>z \V>V mD Vm \yVs[ k kmz #m V[; > Bm[ VBk[.

46 47


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\VT[ ]BVVDV

EB_ V][ gDD...

\VD vD vD (B_V[D) Vm #VD, Vm>kVD [ [ yqD, kE>[ J\Vk ~\V[ (D) [ g[\VclD [> c> AM> \yVs[ k k,u \V B]tm k> #mD Bms[ cflED, ko\D, V|DA]D, k] > gu_ BVzD _V> W V[[ {m[; B]D \DV^V\_, B][ B Wkukm ?\VD v[ B_V [ k

||mD sB]_ ~\VD wV\_ B_Vkm ? [ flD > E>l_ Jl>V.

B][ skVEBV \kV[ A \kkwm kMD gV V km, K_mz (l[ z|D>V) \|D [ >MflEA?[ VAflE Vk^ kV \kV[,Bms[ >]_ sBD >kVF m! >B_|> kBm >V! [V[. V\!^ v__V N kv_\k[z|D]V? BV W! \D k]Vkm. [ \kV[, ..... \V\kD, m_V

A h B_V [ kDkkwm B][ B sm s|, >u VV_ >zD >^ z|D]zD_m BV VD [V[. >uz km k^,B \|D sm sVD, >uz \KDBVD W>D u|mk>uz V[>z]BVk[ _ [D, \KD flEV, [>sD kVD VVKD B! .... [V^.

VtB \V]_ >| (VD)

B_ >\m [V w\V V|, VD[V_ [? [>B >BV\_ c^ k[,xoD[ >kVF, xoD WkxD? VD am sV>V? [ ^s AM> \yVxkmD xoD[ \]_ BVF mV>m! sBD \VD v[ B_V[ k[ sz B Wl_, k

km c wV [ F] k>m.

m_V h B_V [\V\k b, \m W [? [ V.>uz \VD v[ B_V [ k^\]BV c]BV zo_ m_Vk! VD sB> cuz sm s \VD.yz ss Vkz m Vk[ yzssk! [ ~][ VB v__VN kv_\k[ V_, > sB]_ ka>kBkz m VV][ VA \ukVKD K_ mV \ ]D c|.\z ka V|[ \ \ x>[\BVzD ]_, >z] EmD _V>, VtB \VVflV> VfixD \]V> k, VD \^ >kVD, \V kaVBVD u xD?fl F>V_ _Vqo[ V]uzD,kuzD gV \VV\V? V>...! D V>DxD >kVF [. kuMom D\BVD [kV FB xBVm s|, k\Vm k ] km \Vz [V^.

\V\ k km k^ [m W[ \BV> K]s|, VBk[B]tm k> B kVEm Vs|, >^> z >sVD [ \V\ V B\VV. >uz \V\k^, ^ \V[kmz [\ AB|D... _m, VtB cDVm m [> > > kVxD,cD\ V[ ]Bk[ BKD V|m.kV^ ko\zD, >V^ ko\zD x[V_ _Vs[D VBD v__V Nkv_\k[ V>D [ >^| s.

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V[ z|D]z >V_ >k> TsBVV m VD gD\Vsm. DE>V_ BVzD > ixD kVm [ WzDW ckVsm.

k>...! _Vs[ AD (B\VkD)\V xD\ x>V v__V N

kv_\k[ z|D>kVB (K_ m^)V^, _Vs[ ]B V>lB VD.V>B V^V> kz V^ (]B\VD) Fm V| xBVm. V^ D,>s, ]VD V[ku s_. \]BVkal_ \V ABk sDAVD. [ >> V>z V|\ Am wBk^, [D V|V^, FB|D....gV_! A ol[ DkaVz Fm V| VmD >VwVm!m c]! s|, Vm^ Wl[V\V K_ m^ \yVk mm \Vx\V _ sDAk>V k]tm

suV^.

AM> \yVk m> \V z|D]...

N 60D g| VV[ 4D V^, V]\VB_V [V k[ >BmV \VDv[ B_V [ k^, T s|kB Mk k]V> >\m z|Dm D,EVD, zw>D \uD Jxfl[ T s| kB k>> V> AM>\yVs[ skV \^ ^ V[ ![ >VD, kVD kxD >z \VzVD! V>V s| _Vy^! >| xBuE>V^. kV> Vo Fm s| _[] V VkxD BV> K_m mD k>mD \^ V>.

V, [ V]\V, AM> >V_...

cuV cs \uD \^ A wq_V v__V N kv_\k[ V

Zuz [ \V\k^ Vzo_ vVx BV! q_V v__V Nkv_D.... m VV k! >tms u V^, \] kV km^[. >[\lKD >VKD k> > v[>V[, Vm>zk>uzD kVk>uzD D > >[ V> s AV[! > \[ cBV,

yV, VmVuV ]zgD yvDkDVF kyV! > \[ E s^>V[>[ z|D>V[ \]B |m^V^!>[ , sV\ozD W\Bu|]lV^! >V^ Vm Em, E> >v > \[ s^ Am V^s_.BV q_V! VmD m V^\Bm[ _s_. > VD zsV>\V sm. gk z s>m,_Vs[ \ VaB ^ ^! [s|, >\m >VF \uD V>[ >tD[ k[ mkVkD, gEBD uV|

s uV^.

> B][ VD [? >uV s|_VD? [ > sxD >BV> E[fiEV^,Em #D [ [ >>\m T| ]D V>mD, V> \[ VD >VBs| kB, > w km sm!

>^...

Bkfi^ ]\V kVm V>VkVEtm \V\kz >D k>m.]_\VD \uD \M> VZD mD >BV>k, \^ >kV u V^ \t_. VBDv__V N kv_\k[ z|D> V> Bt , > V >sz k>V_ [VzD. >^ V>[ s| V|zD >[\BV_ \V VlzD > >sB c\>[ x Fm^VD. k >V^ smkV^ z>m. gV_ gE AVD uD _V> \VD v[ B_V

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[ k^, k> >]uz EmD xBmkDV|V\_, \V B \]BVF guV>V^.

V KD \V\kz g>kV^V^ [m BmzD, kz >VDV| WBVB\VF \uk k>m V^ zD

mVzD >B k, AEV^ _VD [x[, \V\k m Fm skV \VD() kVB y k|D. Vm>V[AEVD \u VtB >kD B][Vmz ]V AE FB mfl_ V\_s|kV^ [ ][ BDK_ m, >VKD m Fm Vsuzwm k k|D [ VBk[ Bm B>V[.

Vm \Vs_ > \VD v[B_V [ kz VkVEtm

>]uz \_ >\V \V 150 >^ [[ [[V km >. > m >KD sBD \|D >kV >m. m, \V>D\D VVu mVD. zkB>_VD >z]^ >\>V[.V ^ u V| sV_ \usB V^ Vm V^VD..._B[V_ \V a u|D VBD c^m\V a u|D VBD c^m\V a u|D VBD c^m\V a u|D VBD c^m\V a u|D VBD c^m[ kV^ \V\k, \V> V kB\BD VD c] E>l_ g]Bm!

\\VuD ]> \VD v[B_V [ k^, V \[ c\WB m V^k>uV >\m EB >>l[ \[xoD A (B_V [) >>|m,\m g>kV[ W, k[ D, ][ DV[ku >kVF m z F]Bsk|D VkVEz >VD ]B >D[D V|m Vsuz k>V^.>]_, z> V]_ V\V >^z ]lS^. > xB\_,

c[ ck xBD. m VD _Vkk kVk]_ c^m. m [D ku_ BVm.B][ ko\, >]> xB>uz ^t> \m[ [ kVV> \V >D ]\VV k|D. Vm>V[ V[ >\u]_ >D zD. V[ kD k, [V> xoD c^ >kV;

>Vl_ \V\V km V^^. _V\z Vm\VkV [V[. \V\k^]l>V^.

\VuD [>D _V> k]V]om u s|, xoD^ >z\BV >k k >>| k|D WV^. k[ WBVB\V VV]uz \mg>k | wV^, >uz c>km \m \_kV? \V\k^ >D z|D>VxD,>VwxD V^. \VD v[ B_V[ k[ > \\VuD \ukz s>

fl> cVBm! B][ >\ >kl_[k^ k gElom u s|, >w]>V_; >[ >\>V[ >k [ k^k> D xD. gV_ FBV\_ ][> wm _>[ s_ >Vw^>[ m \VtD >s>.

\z >D ]Bk_ Vs[xB>V V U[, A xVN, xD\mi, xD\m V, x>V c>V x>oBV] B]> >>D \V\k^ >\m>VwD V>V^. MD VkVE Dz _ kVD \V\ km >VwD,z|D>VD | V.

>ul_ V [ xoD _ B_V [, Vs[ >\ ]VBV> O\V[ A ]m, \VD v[B_V [ k^ kk> u [WS^? [ sk, >uz O\V[, V[\V\k[ ElVk sDA[.

5352


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VkVE[ \V> \[ c uV_k>u_, V[ [D B][ aBVkc^[. >uz x k k \VF c^V_ Bu xBVm >sm sV. xoD _ B_V [s[ k B> V>VkVEz cuV> V|>m. > buBkfi^ K_ mz ]V >\

]VB Vsuz kz\V LBVs_ c^VBk[ Bmz #m V^.

vV LBVm...

vVs[ kV > cm_V LBVmVsuz A]B >\ ]VBV WB\DFBV[. k[ K_ m^ *m VAflEVk[, Bm k V >\m V>VMBk gDD F>V[. >D\ u >kVflVD FkD, > DAkD~st[ V_ k|D [ BV|

LBV> Vsuz k]>V[.

m[ V km > LBVm,x>o_ O\V[ k E >V[. \VDv[ B_V [ k[ g>kV^ >> Vm\ V|mm[A]V[. >V_ \V\kz g> >>k_ B]V_ B][ \ > VF>.

xoD _ B_V[z g> > VM, \ VV (B_V [\V) V[>Vw V|m cl m F>V[.> flEl_ cl m> x>_ ]BV^ kgkV^. xoD _ B_V[ k^, LBV]D TV A>V^.]l_ LBV][ V_ w|,E| N 60 m_ \V>D 3D V^#o| >VV^. flDkD zD x[\V\k Vsuz kkw>uV flE>>D ] l>V[ LBVm.

Vs_ > Dk^ mD BV> ]_,{ V\kVE JD xoD _ B_V[s[ >D >> u \V\k^ \u\flE[ m V>V^, ]_[Afl V>\VD v[ B_V [ k! V>D xkmD \z (]B \VD) FmV| V]V^. \Vsom ss_ >V^

A| (V) kkm _m. \^ >[kB gkV ]Vm V^. >B\VBVBV! >kl_!

>^ V>[,>^ V>[,>^ V>[,>^ V>[,>^ V>[,xoD _.xoD _.xoD _.xoD _.xoD _.

AM> \V >_...

Vm \V\k^ >D z|D>V[ VkV A >BVV F] \V \V xkmDsBm. cuV^, cs^, >Vw^ kD\V\ V, kfiD W> Vsuz _

kVD >|>. m_V V,D vXm g, m_V V(B_V [D) V[V k >|mVmD \VD v[ B_V [ k[xs_ > s> \V>KD _.

m_V V B_V [k^BVkm |D [ \\V W[, xBs_B [V. >uz \V\k^,V>! [ ]_ c s ]Bk BVm [> A V^[.gV_ [ FB? [ VV V> xoD kfl Fm VV, kfl V_o >xDlV. AD V[ AV\_ m_>Vz\V? ^sB >V|>V.

c>sD B V]D >Vll[ ...

BD A|k>uz x>_ V^ V]D >Vll[V > (N\_V) k^ \V\kD,> B][ c\BV VD [? >z

54 55


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>V_ V|>k ]m V FB VSV?BV_ V_K^, VB| 10glD T >[ k[[[V^. >uz \V\k^, >^ g>z [,>\z V FD \_VD BVm [ >D> sV^.

\VD v[ B_V [ kzu| x >zD u|D y\VM>km z|D> V> gD, D,zw>D \uD \Vt[ D, g>kVDB E D ( 65 x>_ 72 k ) N 60m_h \V>D 3D V^ >Vkm, xoD _B_V [ k^, Vs_ #o> ]>[; \V \V _ g]s|Vk V Am!

A c[ At sQ v>, K_m vV [ ]_ ]m _Vs[_Vs[_Vs[_Vs[_Vs[

\m >V][ m \! \m >V][ m \! \m >V][ m \! \m >V][ m \! \m >V][ m \! _S^?_S^?_S^?_S^?_S^? Vsuz [ ] mD,VsuV...?VsuV...?VsuV...?VsuV...?VsuV...? gD D\^ w]V^.... VVD! [V^ \VD.o]_ V s[ Wukzo]_ V s[ Wukzo]_ V s[ Wukzo]_ V s[ Wukzo]_ V s[ WukzVV >VD >uz?VV >VD >uz?VV >VD >uz?VV >VD >uz?VV >VD >uz? sQ ADV^.V \^ g> \VVV? \V\k^ sk km >BD c g>m,km kVV c V>k g>m[V sQ. > kD ]>.

\V\k^ \]BVF >D z|D] Vm,_Vs[ s> _Vk kV[. \msD km V\V z\Vl[ [[k AkVD. ks>\V z\Vl[ >V\[ u V^kVD. m \! VD]B][ *m VD [ cs \msVy^ V^.

_ D B klo_ v#[ > > K_ m^.

Vsom \V \V V _KD vy JD Vs_ >B Dk ^su\V\k^, [V o_VN k [V N V[V o_VN k [V N V[V o_VN k [V N V[V o_VN k [V N V[V o_VN k [V N V[[[[[ ]D ]D V_o V|, >D >VwxoD (B_V [) Wm_ km V>V^. VmVkVE[ W\ >kVF >m sm

B >\m ]^ Vm VD \Vsuz]D s|kVD, >kBVV_ >z> m[km mV xBVD [V^. gV_ xoD k[ V>^, \[ Eg>kV^ WflB\V V^, kDWBVB> s E, BVkm xot[Vz a kV k|D [V^. >V_\V\k^ xzD k xBV\_ \]BVF>V^.

B_V [...

\V\k[ \V B_V[ >D >>lD, >>B! VD >[ *mVD? D V> ]B\Vm >V! \V\k^>uz gD, VD ]B V>l_ >V[ VD[V^. B[V_ VD BVE>uV,[k>uV [ m? ]B kafl [ Dx[V^ VmD [>]_B! ]B>WV kBm _Vs[ B_kV? [\M[ cuV Vu \V\k^, B>x[V >V\V lV^.

BD >Vm V Wl_, V\kVE[ D \V\ Vm >V^ Vz_k>V ^suVD. V tB \V\!z kV k]^ V\VF z\V\! [ VD, c^ m[ m B> >VVD [m. \V\k^ mD ]_ V_s_!VmLBV [ ]_ \ V \V\k^,kal_ > F]^ D >V _,\z Vs_ c>kD BVt_! Vm >V>l[ VzD, xD s]l[ ]z x[V_

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c^m [>D V_k]u_! m V>^,>Vw^, cs^ k >|mD V>>[sk c[[. > V> xD, \flEBDV>_. |m [? [> _Vk kV[!gV_ v[ (B_V [) VwB_!k[ J>V>B_ kD >]_,>k_, >kVs_ m c kVk u\Vk

W>kV>. ^ V>BD >[VBD >kVF sm s[. M[ >Vm k sDAk^ kVD, VsDAk^ ]D sVD. >V_ z k *mD> k>xD Vm V^. Vm\Vsom mBVF k>kD, \Vt[ z|D>k^ \|\ >. BD x[V >V>m....

w_...

LBVm, >] [ >\l_ {VlDT V|m, kB \V\k k

zD _ sVm, k m V| >DtDV| km z\V B >V[. V[ ]_ h >Vz >BVV V>\V\kD, k> >[ V> V .>VB xm V|, AD E V^VD[ \V\k^, ^ k|\[V_ >MBVF >VmV^^ [V. >V^ VBD v__VN kv_D k[ , T l[(\_V k) A>_k, >V^ c^ Vm>MBVF >Vkm _>_ [ \Vx[ m>V>V . \VD v[ B_V [DV mg F>V^. (> mg _VsDu V^m [m [ >B kD)

\V\k^ >\m kV >l_ [BkV T V, VD >m T Q!xD WBV>_, >[ kVD WBV>_[ c\B, \D D\ zD Vm cmV^ VVD! VD V[ mD >_V cBk. km , >>kVz]B WkuV>k^ >|kV^.

kVz]B _VkuKD \Vm! mk \M>BVD V|m. ^ >D JD VBkVz]B D, V[ [ z|D>V[ km^[._Vsuz Bm, c^ kVz] WkuDWl_ c][ WuVl[, V[ \[Vsuz k[. _B[V_, V[ A \V\Vu ]D s|[ [V.

Bkfi[ >^...

> >D? [ kVz]? [ ssV.\V\k^, | _ > > [x[ VV^. > |m kVE> , ]_ B\uD BVD > ^ >D l_ >V>V. > Bkfi[ xD k>V_ \Vk> kM>V. MD >D \B Wku, LBV]D \V\k > [V .>uz \V\k^, WBVBV[ W>z> v[ m s|kV[ VmD W

kVD [V^.

kD EVzD V>, LBV]tm #mk[ >D V| k>V[. ]_,... \V\k > \uD \ c^_ > s kVD! l>m! [ ^ . K_ mz> WBV! [ \D m>V. \V\ V,\V\k! [ flE ~\V[ D>>VFc^m. > V km V> Vm k^,t^, >Vk k^ _VD [ >>^su[! _Vs[ qo[ ! [ *mD V|^. V[ [ \VzD mVD FBxBVm... >^ V]uzD fi[! gk, x V_K^ [V. \V\k^ \]BV[D V\_ B> >V>V^.

\Vt[ V>^...

\VD v[ B_V [ k[>VD, ]D vV [ >

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> Vm, \V\k^ \uD ]V, \m kaV ]V_D VBDv__V N kv_\k[ c>_V [m. > \V] ]Vz \^B kB]_ [ >kD xD.\D Fm _Vs[ kVz] *k^,]zg[ >> *k^, ^ *m

zx BV| VB gE Ak^ *m\^ >^ ] V_VV, BVV, c>k|D. _BM_ > \z u]l_,\\ uD _.

Vm [ m Vm [ ^Vs_BV? _Vs[ D Bu m.m_\V_ V^ WBVB\VF V^B|m. V_ V\VD, VD VVD\Vu|^m [>B_VD cmV^s_BV?

^ _VkuD Vm, VV> \V]S^, c Bu Vfl F>m,am V B > cV >V! gV_ V^l_, ]B ]B[D, \> wB>\D [ >uVD u V^ xBVm.

c^ kVz] D k>[, gV_ ^> \ms^! l[ (\_V k)A>_kV > v[ qK_V k[_kV? [Mom c^ x> ]Vy^.[ c^ x[\V]BV g V^^. flF>V_ m c tD _m! [ kw s| BVl_ g>V^.

\V\k[ [ [AflV> B_V [V, \ V>!... \zVm c>k^ BVt_BV...? V^.>uz \V\k^, [ _! _V [V[.k[ >> DD (~\VD), km qo[(v__V N kv_D) mg mD, [ED l[ (\_V k) TxD [m.

gV_ z ]B V>[ fl V\_,D, zw>D, wm k>m>V[k>\VF c^m! BVV_ \m Wlm? [ [Afl V> , \V\k^,> _Vk kV[! V>... VD VkalB VD... [ V_|\V? >> g>DN vVD zz x>o_ B V|

k>V^ [V^. B_V [V,_Dmo_V! [V^.

v >Vz z \V\k^, *|D \uD ] V, [ u kl_, V[ V>][ \>B sDA[. WBVBV[ \]l_ xm| kVkmD zu\! [ckV|>V[ c^ x[ Wu[. gV_ ^ c^ gu kV\V? { xoD c\! yV >[cl, V^, g >D ]BVD Fk]_ [D g\l\! ]B]uV VV kV... [flE t fl | [kD \u ED

V^ W\B Am VVD... M >z]V kV^ | Vk][ D * \VVD.>V| mw xBuE, z \>BV|>VKD ! V^, cB VD _mm \kVD [ \V\k[ l_ >.

VBk[ Bmz Fm > \V\k^mV^V> ]_, m V mkcl > VBk^ >B\VV^. k>m VmV ], >D JD > tDkuA] w> \V[ [ _kVz tVkVEz sk> s ], \z c>s FBwVD [ >Vw[ BVz c| (B_V [) JD \VD k^ #mV gV_ #> V| [k LBV][c> Vs[ _l_ |VFBV.

yA_ V [ Vk z]l_ sB_]_ >]]uV VV|D \mkx^ s>fiE V kV V [ \

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sm _, [ VV| >\V A yB_V [, \V\k]_ km V^>V]_ k Fm VzD Vm, K_mz u i\V W >Bk>m.>V_ B clVD >V]BA>m s|, V^ V_kD km^VD [.\KD, ^ \, ^ co_ E m

>D k, > ] c^ D xBV> Vm V^VD. _V > xwV^.

>\V A y B_V [Vsom k>>V_ >uVm^ W\B>kV \V\kD V^. B_V [ V_ F] >\V\k[ _ m >V >VBVF ka>V, kV mg F>V^. Em D a>[, A y B_V [ VV^,Vs[ ^>V_ D >BV Wl_

k|^m. \V >[ V >V|]k W[, [V. [ Em BVz [ \V\k! V[ c cV [\>mz wmfl _[. z >V_ 20,000 T ] V| ]D VABVD [V. >uz \V\k^_V cz_^ AkVV. ]^ w Wl_ mV]BD _! \KD ! D wm >DEm xz VD [ k k|D? x>k \V>V\V]u Ek xB_kVD. >uz \__Vs[ V |D [V^. BDx[V >V>m...

\VD k^ ...

V \VX_ [ ]_ u BmcB \VD v[ B_V [ ]||m _Dmo_V! [ V[V^. skD [?[ >[ \[ B_V [ ssBVm, ][ *m k \M>, \^ D_m \xD k [ >Vm km [

\ x[s sm _V [V. _m>>B! \V[ >z _>B FkV[! M_VD ]B V>l_ VD! >V_ xk uk kB]_. VD cVV c_kVk_B! [ \M[ QVD W> fl \V\k^ >D \ >s V^. BD x[V >V>m...

M kV xD flBVF k|D, ] >Vz>_ >V_ \VF |V^ Vm, >D >Vw E E Vs W[ B> >V>V^ \VD v[B_V [. >uz >] gD>sm skV>D Am V> Vm LBV]tm #mk[ >D V| k>V[, ]_\V\k > k] V z] \uD V> z]l_V\_, ]> kl > \]k|D. \KD > {u[, c\m ([)kB VzD V| cD\

[>VkV[ [D z>m!

> V|m>sB \VD...

cm_V LBV]tm k> >>\V\kD kVEm V> , M cDVF m V^V\_ xBVm [V.BD Em #D x[V [mD, [ BV> T^ ][ \B s>.> V> \V\k^ VD sk, D> ym sm. V kE >VVm \BsV^ Vzo_ V . \BV \V\k^ >D >VwD DtDzD > kz V|m c>^ [V.k_VD \m k^ _kV? >uz Vm \M>[, [V\M>z gu kB \B >s kmDbk>u_ [V^. m>V[ \BD ]T] sVD [ B> \VD v[B_V [D Dl_ BVD ][xm_ z] V[ V>]_ [V^.

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> zm s| \BD >> ]^*|D ]\Vk >V> V|>. B_V [ \V\k]_ km ]^\KD \KD km V[, k > EBB >V s|, kal_ c^ AV ] c^V > [ _ VmVV >V^VD [V. >uz \V\k^, x>o_ VD

>VB>V_ >V[ flE xusm [ k BkVD, _V om (m[D) D\VmVVV! [V^. BD x[V>V>m...

N 61D kD xD \V>D 2D V^, K_m^ k V z]B >V^. TEB Vu_ > \D ]>> c>\V\k^, z]l[ B sV>]_ V(A[ k V[ m[xD xD) >B k>mD,>VD BV ]uz km s>V \VD v[B_V [ V^. \V\k!

>Vy^... >Vy^ kVxD, tD, VuD,\xD \V zo_ , V zDD, V szD D \V\k^lV^.

uD Wwo_V> V] \uA V ]>Vk, AV ]lom u #\VF >m. kD > s> ]D >ss_.\V\k[ V> cDxz_#D B_V [V\V\k V, V>! VD [D k]BV]_ VD \m _]_BV? V^.

>D V>B [ VB \V\k^, > ]M[ ]D km Vl_, >]_ >V[ VD, V> \VD vD (B_V[), \m >>D >VD. \m V>[>Vl_ > km |mB D >>, ]||>V^. VD ssB Vm, >D v[(B_V [) s]_ > k^> V[V[. c\z c>kD BVt_! BV

DkD c\l_ >V_ [ FT? [MDV^. >uz V[, _Vs[ V>z\Vl[, k[ ]^ V\B u[. VV k^ kVm V, V]>A>[\BV| xBuEB \uV|V>lom s| xBuE[ [[. [V> [ ]_ BVm >V? [V^.

]_ BVm >V[, gV_ _V czmB Dk> V|V]VV! V>..!V^ _VD c k EVD >\V? V_o VzD V> V>l[om >V >VBVF ka>VBm.

VvM[ >D...

cm_V LBV]tm \V\kz >D k>m. ]_, B> VkV u (]B \VD) Fm > k|D. m cz

\BV>! _B[V_ c^ >B VFmBmz Akm z \BV>! >>m. >Vw^ [ sBD [ sk,\M>z >D ][. VvMtm ]_k]m. c]uV >[ su skz,yV >[ k[ V VmDABVm [V^. #m V| k>k[, ]_ >D>Vkm V| sDASV? [>uz c[ \V[[Mtm ]_ \V] F]B s_[V^.

\V\k[ ] > cm_V LBVm, ] VD V|, im_ xiV Aw V_ kV vm kV B_V [ k[ \V D vmk, Dz >]BV \VDv[ B_V [k VB kazV| k k|D [ W>BV| k>V[.

cVzD, K_ mz FB VzD

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mV]uzD uB >l[fl]uzD \]l_ \D zwDBkVF k> D,\V\k! >^ kl[ VD [? [ #ml>V[. >uz \V\k^, [ VDEB\V>_, Vz kD D k EDw]y^, cB w u VDkm^[. c^ w_ cl >V_ V[

Vz k[. m ms>[V_ AM>\]Vsuz ]D s|[ [ ]_ >V^.

\V\k[ ]o_ WBVBD >> c>D, cm_V LBVmz >k_ V[.gV_ cm_V, v[ (B_V [) >\m_> V Bmz Fm V|mV|D, > _ ]_ k|D k kz Em>D V|V\_, W>> u|m^[ B l>V[.

\VD v[ B_V [ k[

, 30 T[ V B_V [ > | 20 >V_[AV ] [V^. gV_ ]l[ | sxBV> A V[ >\l_ ]^>|m W[m. >m >D E]BVkm, > |[[ V B_V [k Vm, \_>T[ B u A V >[[\V]VD, >Vuk l>k[ B uV^VD [ W>BV| ]_ V[._Vs[ ED l[ (\_V k)T>, k[ A>_kM]_ c> V>V_sB AV|, k^ >m>Vu_ |m _k> k V>V[.

V \>V]_, >\m V]om u kz>Vs_ VBt> Dk ]m \VDv[ B_V [ sDV^, sD>sm. kD \>V][ |WEs_>M\BV ]m VV^. Dk V[ BV [>\V? \V\k^ , gD >D, Tl[ (\_V k) A>_k. ^

q_Vs[ (v__V N kv_D)] [V[ D! \V\k^, _VD >mD,zD [ \zD > xBV> >|m,>V>V_ V^ \ Wz V| _xBKS! [ skVD...! D!

Vz kD, z >D

>s_BV? z Fm >k>V kVzV|s_BV? [mD D VzV[.

\V\k...! ^ V_k>_VDc\>V[! gV_ z _ WB WAD m,\s \^ V^. V[ c[ mVV_, _VkuD w k k\!cm_V LBVm AD [ >EBV s m] s|kV[ [V[ D. >uz \V\k^,c\m T| V_ V[ Amm >[, c\mWAD V_ NVLK^ m VmV| ~| F[. D! m|m

_k B_VD ~| FBBkB! gV_ ~|FB xBV>; VD V xBV> E VB^m! > u Bm V^D [V^. D>uzD c[V\_ cVlB >V[.VkVE[ \Wz D |mV|.cV {Bk_ WB Bz xoD^ >.

J[ W>^...

*|D V^ Dk ]> \VD v[B_V [ k^ tD c]BVF V[Bmz Fm V|m [m V> VBD!k \V>V]uz V J[ ka V_[^. 1. AM> \yVsuz _ s|^,_m 2. Bmk ] z kas|^, _m 3.k >Vkm Vuz _ z \]^, V. m _ BVB! [ D cBV>D JD flF]B cm_V LBVmzV[.

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D MB[...

K_ mz ]Vk^, V][ *mVAflE Vk^, cV _k W>D >Bk [k^, VtB \V]_ mV u V \V>B m

kVk^ _VD [ gVEm BmzD,cm_V LBVmzD, D ]_VzD xk >s>. Dxs[B! Bm, cm_V LBV]uz l,k[ Dk wm \KD kV|m, Dk! D [ >V_ ,_B[V_ k >slom us|[ >\ V u V^.vzD (B_V [) km>VzD V| > \uD c kal_V\_ Fm s|. AD W>>V_ FmV| k^ x[ kkV^. k >uzD

kal_B[V_ vM[ (B_V [)>B VFm z k ]V\m,Vk V k>V[.

Vm c, > V[k\V\kzD, > ] >VzD xBV> _V kaD m s ]^.AV ]l[ \uz A]KD VkV^|>. D >m \Vtl[ \^ V_k^\V\k[ > m, k wmvM[ (B_V [) T kV>D kmclz c kms|D! k s]B ks|D. ^ [ WBVB\VF oBV k|D![[ km s|^ [V[. >uz T \^~ VB[ \ V][ #V\VD v[ B_V [ kBVkm V|D [ V_o s|, VVu mSV? c\z kt_! [x]uz x\V VB V|m ]D s.

V JD wo_ ]D [

EVVD, >Vkm \D ]]V_ _m>V!Vz _Vs[ >lom >Ak>uz kaz\ kz! [ _m[ D, xvVND (B_V[D) ][ D [, \M>z]B \V | k[, V[ (v__VN kv_D) \m >]_ >[

|] Vk! c^ zVV|, AD kfl]uV BVy^! VBDv__V N kv_\k[ >]l s(K_ m^) k > cB \D _V> t *m k]s_. z ]]^ >[ \V] \M> kVk z|]c[>\Vzk>uV ^ \V[, DtBk \fl F][V[. ~uD [uA k\ c^m. k u mV^k^ \V]\ (N vVD) l[ V[ fl |kV^. \VDv[ B_V [ k V>mD,

k[ VV ( v__V N kv_D)\V\k[ *m k]> [! ^ Wzk>m! VBD v__V N kv_\k[V VVBk[ [ >z] \V]D; zz\VV_ >k _, gl\VlD >k V^ m \B >BVVlVD! [ >[c^ cflEB VB VmD, ]l_c^k^ cflEBu Vk W[>.

AM> gV ...

N 61D kD xD 9D V^ (6 October 680AD)u_ ]_ V x V|D >D, ][A]om kk> c> \V\k^. V B_V [ k wm,[ gV , Vk \[MA^ u V^|DAM> , >D... m z E kVD VD!\ V[ [ Vk, _VsD \xk, sDA[. > { k\|D BB VB> *| > xBuEFBD [V^. V B_V [,

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\V\k[ k gk> ]lD>sm s|, \V^ V B mkVD DsD BVB V^.

V^ s> uV|[ V mk kmsVD, B ] V|km BV> VBD[V[ D. x[A V B_V [

k]_ \_>D Fm >VuV V, > J[ VV c >[^VBD v__V N kv_\k[ ;k]uV { k >k V. VD >\m WBVBD FVD. V\_VD xoD^>VV? [ DsD mD, D >zmV B_V [ k[ BVBuV[.

kluzD \]uzD B VVD ]V|, fi> \VD v[ B_V [k]KD, A]B B]]KD km V|

]VB E D Bms[ Bl_ >V^[>uz V { c>VD.

[B \V V]_, Vs[ ]lomV_BVF k> D >D]lV m_V D_ _ cDxk (B_V [D)\V\k V, VB\! ^ cl^ >z\V|D. VD [ \sD \V>k,^ >D A Vm. c VzD V|V^ >D m V^kVD. V^ cl[zD k ^ V Vm [ \V\k[ l_ m V.

VkV A...

\VD v[ B_V [ k[c>s_, zD \B]_ Dzw>D VzD V| x[flkBV, V u >V ]_A km.

\ >VB x> \V\k^ V][kB \m, kV V>kV BVl_JV^. > \B]_, >VD!...>VD!... [zw>[ >sAD, V\...V\... >VF\V[ \V>VxD, BV q_V...! BV_V...! VVu^ V]om k>V|[, ]l_ ], kV^ y| >D

V[ku | VkVk E>l_>V^. >\V D, ]BVD FBflE>D V|^ >\m g>kV^ u Wl_\V\kz mD \KD ]>m!

k \V\k^, >[ >Vw^ \uDg>kV wm, Vm ]z V[ >V[z, [ >>V[ kz EBD, k kz>kV>, V ]BVD FkVB ^,kz oBV kB]_ k [BVB u z ]D s|^ [V^.> | l>V kD ^ VBD

v__V N kv_\k[ ]!c s [ clD c\D z>V s|\V? V^ >VKD cBVD, V^ kV>VKD cVk kVkVDm c] [.

V][ VD...

V\...! c[ V_ VBD, \VBDkV VD V Fm VVF. kVkD \> V m. _Vs[V]B _VD! [ >x^ s>B, E>s> QVD V \V\k^ V|,c_t_V\_ > _ gyz(B_V [) EflBm V> [ (B_V [\V) om ka>VBm! _ gy[ B_V [>[ \VtB Vm, m[D D\ s| V>V? mD, D\BV k^ > w gDmsV^. > V> \ukD cflE >mD>.

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\V\k^ >D V>B V, V Dq_V v__V N kv_\k[z|D] _kV? V]\V (B_V [\V)k[ c] ^ _kV? m[ mB> V\[ k^ m VV^ VD V kV\V...? _V \>V\B A>[\B

kV\V...? [ \V>V|]V^.

\VD v[ B_V [ k^,> gV xkmD >\m >V[,>Vk]KD, ]zg {mk]KD, KD tD[\V >B V> a>V^. ]^>m kV |mk]_ s >,K^ mV V[ z|D>V >mg[\Vk wz|]V^... Vm s>m...\V\k^ Vz o lmD ....Vzom...]_, im [ xD\mqK_V (v__V N kv_D) [

kVBD kmD, \M> kV xB|], _V k VV|>k^_ v__V N kv_\k[BV V FB VS^? Vs! cV^ VD kVxD, tD, VuD,klD, Au|D \Vzo_ ]>.

>VD, V xD...

\VD v[ B_V [ k[>\l_ K_ m^, > k^ w\ >VB xm VzD V>, ]^ Vx k\V V V| z >BVVkzm W[V^. >VB x> z\V\kD, \V\fl V> E >VD km,m BV m W[. V][ VB V B_V [ k^ l_cB] m W[V^.

D, zw>D VzD V|

A k>>, u V> \V\k^ \KD s|D lV^.\V\k[ E >D, VD \KDA k>>D >V\VF VmV> D ]_V[ ]tV \V\kVm, {F \V\! >_VD [? \\ V^kk>uz x[, _ sm sV? [mD,

\Vt[ B V>k^ cz>V[ D tV>\V D [.

xoD V B_V [,Dk T] s \V\k[ \]BVV^. >uz \V\k^, E V_ \mVV E ] [ VVD, k[u [ >>BVD \[Mm sV^. mV> x[ \V] _, > V[ [u sDA[,>V_ k s|s|D \B\V \VDv[ B_V [ k^lV^. [A _VsD B] [

! Vm k^ (]^) EV^,o FV^. V[ c[M\ c>s [. k>[ B! _K>s mD c[Mt> k[ fiEV^.

V]_ c[BVD...

fiE\VF z]l_ , ][ D [\VD v[ B_V [ k , \!z kVy^, V[ z k> V>V_[. ]_ WBVBD [, ^ lomm V^^. WBVBD [ ^ _VD[ m [ >Vz^. V[ _Vs\!DB k][ [V. > K_ m ^ > >. \V\k^, V \uD >[ \V (B_V [D), k (>\m T| )\V>V|m^, [D WB wklm! [V^.

fl >V> \V\k^, {... \!

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[B kDVkaB Wm V^! [V[ s|, ^ _VkuD w mmsV? V[ c^ \Vl[ \[ \_kV?km EB >>l[ \M[ \_kV?>V[ >kV DvV ( B_V [),[ >>l[ EB >>B_kV? m_V[ Vu V>BV (B_V [) [

>>l[ c[ _kV? \VD QVM v[B_V [ [ V>_kV? \Vl[VB V^ ([ v[ B_V[D) Vm Q[ >k^ , [VV k^ B> \m sV?D\]_ [ sV_, c^ \Vl[ kV fl V_o V^ BVD BVm! V[V_k]_ >D >D c>V_, cBkVD BVxD, [vVxD,xVxD | V^. V[ kVB V^x>_ c\B E k[! V[ c_ BVz [yz F>[? k k T][? k V

>[? [ >, c [i|] s|, D V|k>uzmS^?

{... VkVE! ( E B wm)^, z >D V| ws_BV? zg> >VD [ kVs_BV? [mD\] WsBm. Bwm k_ k[,B_VD V^ >D V| cws_ [V[. AV_V! [ sBm W[\V\k^, BVV_ V[ AM> \yVsu ]Ds|[ z kas|^ [V^.

i [k[ \V\kVm, ^ B]D ^, kz Fm V|^, ^ B>V_ [V >|T^fl V[V[. xoD (B_V[) >s [V VV; VDBV cD a y D V|Vy^. V[ VmD B]D B xBVm >Dz]B >s|, >\m ]D km >V

\VD v[ B_V [!

_Vs[ V>...

\V\k[ B AmV^V> VkVED, V[ x EV[[ >] (B_V [),

\V\k[ \] u ][ x[V_[, {...VkVE! > WtD k, VDkD \V]VD, kal_kVD VD. > W\ \Vk>uz,c^ kV |m V\V sVy^. K_m[ sB]_ \m ~\V _V>gVV]V[. V^, c K_ mE>[ ]KD, cm_V LBVm V[Bkom #\V k>uzD wVD.> Bk[ gEBV_ cz > [\DsB Vk]_. \VV, _k^ kVkDVB|m [[ [ [V V

FB|T^. mk m^ |V >uzVm\V g>V\VzD [V^. gV_VkVEV, ofl FD V\V .......[ ] l| E>V^.

>]l[ \\VuD...

>B_VD Vm, \D > ][>] \D \V, V[ V>>>|m V[. V[ m| mV kVKD B! Vm ka >m V [z]B sm _ \V\kD km,k[ VZ ]D x[ z>]z\Vl[, VmD B_VD V[] \V[; BD \V>V]uV kams|D Dl>[ \V\k!, [\[Mm s|^. >z ]V kV, V[ M VmD cB> \V[ \V\k[ l_m VV.

B_V [ \V\k]_

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>> D, vkV[ [ T V[ s|\V l, B_V[ Vk\V >m, >\m s_o_ vkVw VFmsV^. ]^ kD (B_V [) >V xB[ VmD, k^ktm >m \V\k[ l[ Dkm W[ VV^. >\m lB x>_

oBVk> >V BV> D, >^ TV, _VD VEBV ^; V x>_D Fm[ [ \V\ V x>_ D F]B mk k>V[.

V ]_ x>_ ]BV...

m_V D_ _ B_V[ >V\ x>o_ z _ \V\k]_\] u ED V_ >Vs z]mfl [, J[B k xm V| s| k>V. [[ xoD ckVV B_V [D >D

uz ] kBVV. [D K_m_ k cl mV> Wl_, ][A]_ ]>mD, ckV [k[ k m W[ >Vz\V, >D zlV[. k\V w[ ] >s|VBVB xoD B_V [uV ~VB >D cD_ >VJflEm s Wl_, BV v[! ]Bm\V\k[ V]_ , kV k\V wuB B][ |s_ k> \V\k^, k # >[\l_ ]V. VB\! Ek [V_, czVmVA xBs_B xoD B_V

[ >V^. >uz \V\k^, _, cm ^ x\BV s^ V_oVzD V> k^ \VkV_oBkV cl m>V^. V ]_ l[Vm >V x>_ ]BV k^>V[.

\VD v[ B_V [ k]tm VzD V|, kVkVF>M>MBV [ ][ E>VD

_B[V_ V> [D kV kVBkVD |m V|, \vVN, , m_V c\_ _, , V[ A>_k^, [V [ , m_V xoD, , m_V v[\uD >VwVB T^ (B_V [D)

kD ]B k [ kVVkB V_ w[ glVk V[zs>. ]l_ lV_ u A \uDJ[ VV V| > zV\_>>V_ u VkEBVKD \B WB>.

> B[|] ]^ K_mD, \u TD Bkfi\Vk]KD V F>. T^ kVkDE ]_ , m > BVVkmV|^, >uz \V \V\k[ ]V

{VlD [ > VFm >[ VkEBV_ u c_ BV\BkVV >s, TB Tzus_. \z > \|D ]>V_V ][ V \VlzD, >Vkm 72 V \VD v[ B_V [ k[E D 30,000 ] V| T]lzD kVuVEB^ m[.

flED zw>zD > >...

V]om >VD.. >VD.. [ flED

zw>[ zoV_ \D B V B_V [, AV ] {fl [ >Vul_ WAk> V> ]^, k[ km , m \V \Vk. D k^, ]D z kVF ^, > VD kzDm k[ z cD \Vm[ [ ,kVl_ m V| _KD Vm, ]^ WDB>VuB a>. z k[ >D

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k >VV^. [Vo_VN.....

\VD v[ B_V [ >[BflED zw> > 3 VV > \uD Vo[k]|k> ]D Vm Em >\V\k^ fiE , >uz D >m DV_flED zw>l[ >Vl_ D

\V\V ] V|>V[. zw> mmm>V> Vm \V\k^ >V^.

EkVB B_V [k^ V][ VB l_ >kVF Wu,\V\k^ fiE\VF, g| \>B Az>m\V] ] E>>V^. ]_ >>]V_ w|k> V> Ek, l_ V[\ l_ >[, \V\k VmVzDV| ] >V flEkD >VV^.

_Vs[ ED l[ TD...

AB_ VF VB> \VD v[B_V [ k^ ] mkDDF>V^. \V\k[ KD, x[MKD _k>uz] T^ [ kVV^. _Vs[ [ED, l[ (B_V [) T A>_kV\VD v[ B_V [k >Vzk>uz>BD ]_ kxt_. 3 VV V| > V>>[ V\V uVkE \V\k tD kVBm. mKD Vk kB VkV, VuK^~B cfiE V, >\m kV wu m

V >V^.

V>...!

xD 10D V^ hD\V k (k^w\\]B >V) m V Vm Vk>\V\k^ kM, >V vV gk> >|>B E >, _VsuV, _Vs[V \VD v[ B_V [ k^

>[B _V iD, >uVm^WBD \>kV kD _Vs[Wk[ k _V\_ >Vl_ W[ >VwgDm sV^.(_Vs[ z > s> m[xD, BxD(_Vs[ z > s> m[xD, BxD(_Vs[ z > s> m[xD, BxD(_Vs[ z > s> m[xD, BxD(_Vs[ z > s> m[xD, BxDBVm ]zg[)BVm ]zg[)BVm ]zg[)BVm ]zg[)BVm ]zg[)

Vm ]z ]AD, >xD>m. >[ s xBVm , VAD\VT >V mk BV >D ]tBk^. >Vk xm V| \ >Vsuz_KD Vm \V\k[ ]_ {kV^...! [Vo_VN k [V N V[!

> VB> V|D kV]V LV[,vg Z >*, D ]_V[ gBVF>. \V\km cD_ DA VB^ 33D,k| VB^ 34D >m. \V\k^ >VzD

Vm kz kBm 56 kD 5 \V>D 5 V^gl>m. V ]_ >V 72 [ AM>>D V z |mfl _m!\V\k[ c_, K_ m^ *m VAflEV VtB kBV_ z] V|E>m!

D ]_V[ K_ m D,zw>D m[A]B Vm, D k m>|msV[. VFkVF> _ gy[B_V [k V FD xBuElomDDk >|m s>V[.

K_ m D, zw>D,VFkVF> _ gy[ B_V[D V|, m V VsuzEm V| [ VE, \uD >V^72 [ >BD VFm k\V _ V|[ VE, kBm x]> VV \D, \uxoD \D flEfl Fm VBk[ Bmz]V ckVBm. >fl WB Bm

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uD ]V\B >V[. \^ B>V_s|kV^ [ >A V>V[,> VBkV Bm.

VkVE_ c^ E \D VBk[Bmz ]V u|]. AEBVzk>uz B][ TV_ |VD

[B ]]_ FBm. Vm \V\k[\^ _kV c>kV Bm, W\B\V>uV k, EB_ V]uV \VDv[ B_V [ k V FB,V[ ls_! >z c^ cm_V LBVm \uD E[ >kV xsV_ >DVs>D u|sm. >uV V[ \Dkm[ D F>V[. [A \D[\BV>B D V|D, gEB >k>uzD mkV K_ m Dzw>D VmVV \yVsuz kuV| F>V[.

\VD v[ B_V [ k[AM> >, >>_ Vm\[ BV]uV(>]uV) \ \][ |s_km. Vm k> R> x k,V[ >Vm NvVD l[ 70km >xBV>k[. [MD [ J \^ _Bu \]k]V^! ^ Vm k> c^ l[\k |m, k[ ] V[ s! m V AM> > []o\Vk V_o xo\VV.

uD xuD o>k^ gflBm[ >R> V, k, >BV V\VF V>u [MD V_|m. gV_ u x[ >AM> > \V \Val_ z c>E> c\Bc > WBD V> uV\_ xBVm! cV_ m V [AD, clu > [c^]uz cl V|>k! m Vs> s| kBV^.

\V\k[ AM> > Vs_ DFBm. [k[ >\l_]uV uV| FBm. K_ m^B AM> \yV z km >.

N 64_ (. 683) Bm ]BD >k[ V_\W V]m V[ [ ]_ >Va>V[.

Vm kz kBm 39. k[ gE ]Bm 3kD, 8 \V>D, 14 V! Bmz z, k[ \[ _[k, Vtg \]_ \^ x[Ml_, >V >s > V>\V>_, > , c\, c\V[, (B_V [D) V[ \[\VB WkxD. >z]Buk[ l_ V|V_ [zD [> Vm s^. [ >> K_m V[Vam sV. xoD cD [\\ xBV> V> BKz gEl[ *m >\V\_kV? WBVBA]D, [>Dc^kV_ V|D VB> FB BK\V? z

>s >kl_! > BV |m VVKD ...V[ gD >s \V[ [ >sm s|_D [k 3 \V>^ am m sV.

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\VM> V]B >VBk^ K_m^

_Vk m V^k^ (g[^),_Vs[ s]uz _V\_ k >uVD

kV>k^ _ [>B V DkD \z >m. WBVB>D, ]B>DWWmk>uVk VD k>m. WBVBD\V, \B]_ _k>D, z|D>D, [D>[lD m> VmD, ]B>W|mk>uV k, \VD v[B_V [ VB _Bu V\BD,A>[\D q_V v__V Nkv_\k[ x[\V]B k|]Bm!

c>V\V q_V v__V Nkv_\k >Vl \^, _Vm m[A]B]_, kVk k km \ | >Vl \^ *m B \] Vm, kk\VVB\k^ kVk >|m, V[ [ cD\]a>uV k_! kVw k>uVkk>k[ [ B > ], V ][ E]_, [ (V vVN) km \V\k[] V| a>uz \] V]KD,\VD v[ B_V [ k^ >[Muz \]B \m, >\m VV[x[\V]B BV VV^.

xm V| AM> \yVsuz ]DBVBD v__V N kv_\k^ y_zD[ ka >]_, >|\V VzD cD >V V^E kwV^. ]_,

\! z [ | V^, V[cB s|fl _[. [ _Vs[]zg[ ]_ kaD, VD c^m. >c]BV u V^^; Vkm K_m^ [D [B TV[ sB]_

cz _Vk V| W|[[V^.

(zA : kV^ > | V^ [(zA : kV^ > | V^ [(zA : kV^ > | V^ [(zA : kV^ > | V^ [(zA : kV^ > | V^ []zg[, | qK_Vs[ [m []zg[, | qK_Vs[ [m []zg[, | qK_Vs[ [m []zg[, | qK_Vs[ [m []zg[, | qK_Vs[ [m [Vkm sB]_ \Vu\V (VFBV) ,Vkm sB]_ \Vu\V (VFBV) ,Vkm sB]_ \Vu\V (VFBV) ,Vkm sB]_ \Vu\V (VFBV) ,Vkm sB]_ \Vu\V (VFBV) ,K_ m[ *m VzDK_ m[ *m VzDK_ m[ *m VzDK_ m[ *m VzDK_ m[ *m VzD

VAflEB k|] kkm VzD)VAflEB k|] kkm VzD)VAflEB k|] kkm VzD)VAflEB k|] kkm VzD)VAflEB k|] kkm VzD)

gD, WflB\V VtB^ kD A>>\|D DAk_, M_ kD A>>\|D DBkV B]D, VMD ka>ks. VD; ka > B ^(ko\V^) k_ _V\_ > gzD. gV_]D x>K\V xD\ x>V v__VN kv_\k[ >]V K_ m^,>\m VV[ \VM> V]B() >\z^ >VVtB][ V^D, xD >\mkVl_ kVm VD ka VD (Practising

Guide) xoD x>VB] ka >k sV\_ [DVmVm kV^! [ BV\ V^ (c a)kD VmVV^!

c_ >> (k[ k)WV|k> \V[ OAk][ EBD, >EBD \m ]D x>K\V xD\ x>Vv__V N kv_\kV| Wusm. OAk][ kD xm sm. MsVB> ( >[\) V _Vs[VB^ tl_ Wm kD. > ]B kB D, (B_V [) sVB][ V]

V> k[ >]l\ Fm xV^[> cmk>uVk,VBD v__V Nkv_\k^, sVB][ >D >B]_ > kmV> B (\_V k), >D >V[\_ u, Vs^ > >\ (B) s> B_V [k[ VBcmD szD.

V ]_ VFkVF>V_, cl w>

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\VD _ gy[ B_V [ \uDK_ m zw>V_ AM> V v__VN kv_\k[ >]^ (kV^) [Dtl_ kVm V|D, kaV V|Dc^V^. k_ \VD xD\ V, \VD V V], \VD JvV VD, \VD JvV V, \VD xD\ >,

\VD , \VD v[ Z, hm_ z>V], m_ gD xly[ m_ V] VM g, uA> V] g VBD, VV A[ kV *, >V>V > gDVmV ]flE, V> ko V, VVND ko_V kV, VV \m_VV VV\, V \m_V ko_V ^,V ko_V, \>V[ ko_V^ >fi, [D D V ^(B_V [D), VBD v__V Nkv_\k[ \VM> V]B >\z^ >VVtB][ > >Vm V[.

m c x Vz \l_ kszD \VD \] k >VD.

\VD v[ B_V [ k^V ]_ z _KD x[, _gy[ v[ B_V [k >D>lD m V^ k\, kD>V[ VD. k ]\V Vm V^^[ m [V^. >[ JD _ gy[B_V [ ktm \VM> V]K_ mD sBm [> >mV^VD.

ck]KD, >Vu]KD V>uz xD\v__V N kv_\ V_ VEBzD\VD v[ B_V [, V][c\zD, [\zD >[B V ]_ ]BVD(zVM) Fm Vm! c\l_ VD Dg [AD, \Vl_ NvV\k[Vl> zVMB ] F>m! l[ V[]BVD c\l_ q_V v__V N

kv_\k[ ]BV\ gzD.(>Vkm Vl>l[ zVMB, B V_ >Vu\zD l[V_ ~| FBm) [m BV[>VzD. > > V[ vM_ [,v[ [M_ V _ v[ t[ k_ v[ t[ k_ v[ t[ k_ v[ t[ k_ v[ t[ kV t_ v[V t_ v[V t_ v[V t_ v[V t_ v[ [ y JD >mV^VD.

[ B_W|mk> VD

g>D N vV\k^ >V> >VD, VD N vV\k^ >V>h >VD, BV N vV\k^ >V>v >VD, >V N vV\k^ >V>\ >VD, R N vV\k^ >V>V >VD V| nk >VVWW] W |m>_kVMB VD!

AM> Vk |D l_ ~|> AM> VD N vV\k[ V_ ]> _

B|mk>uV k\Vt V\ x_V

]zg[ JD 2 m >VB VBD(kVA) Fm,VD N vV\k[Wk u|m>_kV MB VD!

V^ [ V, \kV z[B>VVD {|km, [ VV N vVDk^ >\m flED zw>l[ ( \Vl_ NvVD) > >V> >s>uV k, V \kVz[B { { > > >s>> W

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|m>_kV MB VD!

VD N vV\k[ zVMB,_V u V> W |m>_kV VDVV|D Z . \BD N vV\k^> V> F> ]_, FBV N vVD[ F> mkVs_, _VsD xV> (B)

u DkD. kVkV WV_>_kV MB VD!

]l_ Jtz (skVEz) yB_V sBKD, ~][ VB q_Vv__V N kv_\k[ Wk WFm, _Vk Bfl FD kaB (qvD)u|m>_kV MB VD!

q_V v__V Nkv_\k[ Ws_ MBkV, _Vs[V]uz >[ V>\V V| >D

z|D>VD, >VwD, >[lD ]BVD(zVM) F> \VD v[ B_V [k VD W kV\V?

VB VV[, >VB q_, zA_ N, ]Bko\V[ \VV, VV A[ kVxly[ E] * fi B_V [k^, \V\k[ ]BV> u [k\Vz|V^.

V v[; VmV v[.V v[; VmV v[.V v[; VmV v[.V v[; VmV v[.V v[; VmV v[.y[ v[ y[; V v[.y[ v[ y[; V v[.y[ v[ y[; V v[.y[ v[ y[; V v[.y[ v[ y[; V v[.>V V >V >; > >BB.>V V >V >; > >BB.>V V >V >; > >BB.>V V >V >; > >BB.>V V >V >; > >BB.V VBV; V V v[.V VBV; V V v[.V VBV; V V v[.V VBV; V V v[.V VBV; V V v[.

gEBV v[, \[V] \[ v[!\V\ v[, \V][ VmVk v[!

>[ >B V|> v[; Bmz

V|s_!g>V_ c\l_ k]uzBk[ _V k[>[ gkVD >uz s]kD v[>V[!

VV xly[ Ei] \m_VN NVV xly[ Ei] \m_VN NVV xly[ Ei] \m_VN NVV xly[ Ei] \m_VN NVV xly[ Ei] \m_VN N

kV \VD v[ B_V [

k^ >V, B][ VFB V[Vam!VtB][ \FB VVuB V Dk][VV xD 10D VV gV ]>[\V\kD, K_ m[ ]BV>D,T>D, c\BD Wm Vm,kk[ *mD V]V {], VD kVD(D), >D u V^km, VtB^ BV^ x[V[ kVwBkVw BVzD.

V^ V ]_ ]>V_ cVD,>VD kVB K_ mz c

> V|m c>slVD [ V>V|D!K_ m^ > E, >V V|\l_ >DVfiD Vfi\V fiEl> m c >VMBk V|D, Em >D V|D EckV flV (Vfi V) \m c>[Wk ( >VB 3 Vz x[V)u|mD s>\V, V>][ VV xD 10 _flVD, z> MV VxD cuVcsz kw, VD \VD v[B_V [ k[ ]B BV>k! [ c^][ cflEB k|mDs>\V \VD 10 D V^ V]V kz s\BV

cD xk]KD VV|m.

\VD v[ B_V [ kW \kD, WBVB]uz mVkD, (ko\V)kkD k\]kD, VBk[ B][Bfl V>k! [> >m V^D, \KDyBVom s D!, _k[ mD!, xD 10 D VV V DkD

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>m.VtB g[ ] \V>D m_h

zVMBV| (]BV>V|) xk[m[V_,VtB g[ mk \V>\V x\\VD v[ B_V [ k^zVMBV| (]BV>V|) gDm kV.zVMz (]BVz) m >V[

c\BV VD [>D >m V^VD.

fiV [ D (E[D)

D [ E[> u ]zgM_gl_V |m. >Vkm > VBV _m kmkBV VzD Vm_VD qKD, D WzkkVV k^ _V\ D [ zBWfl E[VzD.

c>V\V, J]^ kzD ][,] VD VkV c\B_V [, V][ W> \V (VE[\V) s>V^. [ x>_ flE[>\]mD, smD xoD[ Vsm.Wl_ k J]^ kzD kmV][, ] V ks_ u V^xBVm [ km T\VzD. kmk k[[ kzk]KD, AM>D [ \]]KD kVDtz B c^ s]BVD c|.

nm s_ V c^ E[]uz

fiV [ B. k! k^ c^ l[\_ km ]B\VD () F>VV,k^ c\lB _Vs\ kVz]F>V^. k[ l[ \_ > cB _VB BVzD ]zg[ (48:10)k>VKD, \VD v[ B_V [k^ >m >B V|m s V]KD,

]B]uz (Bmz) V|V\_ cB]W[>VKD,\KD fi> V |D xD\ x>V v__V N kv_D, , V]\V, \VD v[, \VDv[ (B_V [D) gB nDDV] z>VKD, Bm[ VtB V_ fiV [ D Wk| B|>|m.

\VD 10D VV gV ]>[,\V\k[ T ]BV> fl VuD s>\V,fiV gVV [ ]_ km, \V_

|, \V\k[ AwD, K_m[ EAD |>V]B z fiVk\V |mfl _km kw\VzD.

VkV A...

\V\k^ V ]_ z_KD x[, K_ m D,zw>D VzD V|, V>fl u>V A k>>, xxkm\V u Vm s|, V AB [VV!> V_, fiVk # V| sV_

k> A V>B uB [, >^B [ fiVk k]uz |mfl _kmkwD. > A J|D D VkV|m.

V ]_ VmVuV,\V\kV_k A, ] V][ D xBV\_ V \V m >^Bm. gV_ > m, \Vt[ l VVufl

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[ K_ mD, \V\fl V>kDVm ys_! gD, D kV> Az]_ # B VD NvV\k, vV\>V (t> k, t> zflE) kmV> _V>gV! V ]KD >m Bk|]V[ []_ nBt_.k VDvM>V[! v[ B_V [kfl

V>k^ >V[! [> \F|>k VkVs_(_) z>_ [ y t]A kkDm[ D x[V^, ]_ _V>gVD>[ B Am kV[.

T sBV|^...

fiV kzD gVV ]_,Qz z], EDD, \uD TsBV|^ u V||, B_V [ \uD VBD v__V Nkv_\k[ TD V> [m^ u

V|m! E _ [D mV| km. M_ VtB^ Vw^ _,TD W> \VD v[ B_V [k Ws_ W]Bk^ [>uVk!

VtB> >[ c\BV ks_ >mV^k>uz _s QVD t kEBD [m >>c\. lz\VV_, ^k^ \|\~\V[ [ (]i s]) uV^ M_V, goD V[ c\V \^ \|\ kKkV~\V uV^. \KD c A D>\VsB_ QVD V \>D, V> gVFflE

Fm, ]_ V_ sB^ mDc\BVkB [ [ B BsfiQVMD, VD VD *m D V|_V kB >[ kV uV^.gV_ sBD kV_ [>B c xm!

~\VM[ xB g>VD [k[ u mVzD Vm, _V..._V..._V... [kVk kVm, kVk \m \uD kVm

V[ D km V[c^k\V [AD(xmD), k]BVD k|mD kV \>x\ gzD [mAVm. >uV>V[ ]zgM_, [ B_ \z W V[V[_V>gV [mD >kVm!

yM[ cl...k >V[, yM[ clV \VD v[

B_V [ k[ B_ W mfiV VkV V[k, D VBx[V^ u|]V^. > cflE tkkV_ s_V> V\D, \Vu\>]D >V kKkV ~\V uVV^ [m kVu c\BVzD. mDzV ]BV V[ \B \^ kVD V_,VtB m \Vu \>>kD |mkD, EV[\lV kVD xoD \^ >[

u\BD, >[ T>D VuD >>\V fiV VkV WflE B[|]VV^.

>V_ EV[\lV xoD^ *m, u|D >Vz>_ DkD zm! VtBzVmVA um! V>^ V_ VszD \Vux>VB \D \BV>[, > fiV VkV_ m V| _V [Vu Am k[.

\[^ VuB fiV...

\[ ]A _>V[ N\_V k^ >\mgE V]_, BV_VD fiV kk> EV>V[ >V| VV kVV, > >Vk|D [ B m^V^. ZVD kV> \VVB \[ N\_V k^ fiVk g>m^V^[> kVB gD_ VVD. ]D,\BV>D >V[ >V| kD AM> ,

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VtB[ V kKkV ~\VVVV kB>! ]_ m V^st_V>k^ >VV\V m V^VD. ]_>kV[t_, \u VV|k> >| xB_km>kl_V> BVzD. (Vtl[ BVzD [>Am V^ k|D) \VD v[ B_V[ k[ ]Bfl B W|mD cfl

cflEBV ~\VM[ kV fiV VkVB_x WflEVzD.

fl...

]D, mD bD l_V>V cBVm, EM\V V_o Fkm, VD > k_ Fm \VukmV[k^ V]uz ]Vm. \KD Fkz, \V\k[ V]uz gV>]D D kVFA^m [> flVD!

xo\_V> Q[ Vkl_ \VDv[ B_V [

]A^ m W[ V]KD, kuBkm ? [> V[ v[ (B_V[) ktm u V[

V[ V>\V V Vs[ sB kVugm ]>V_, >B \z |mflV_[, m BV>M_ vB (B_V[) > > (Conduct) [uV\_ kkal_ \z \VD Vm

\V\V V]. \V\V V]. \V\V V]. \V\V V]. \V\V V].

V DkD \M> B>[\l[ ko\BD> >m V^D c>m. \VD v[(B_V [) k[ ]BVD, _V>VD, x>VB]VD gzD. m VV>l_ c^ _k[ c>VD gzD

kV_ . kV_ . kV_ . kV_ . kV_ .

v[ (B_V [) k[]BVD, g[*>B k|]Bm! c\BD]BD WWmk>uz, Vbk ^ \uDg> VKD ]BV kVk, kuB > k_m![>B \VD v[ (B_V [)k[ B_ k|]Bm

]V >V ]V >V ]V >V ]V >V ]V >V

x>B kVu VxD, [B T cVxD \M>B V> >V>D,~D V VD u^m. \KD v[(B_V [) k[ V>> VKD,WB V E> xl_ u V^DflDkD c>m

VM >V,VM >V,VM >V,VM >V,VM >V,g[VF[ V. (g[VF[ V. (g[VF[ V. (g[VF[ V. (g[VF[ V. (Husayn in Christian Ideology)))))

92 93


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g|z x[ \VD v[(B_V [) k^, >m kVBV|m s V]KD km as_V> g[\V,[D \[ \]_ gEB K]Vm

V V>V i[. V V>V i[. V V>V i[. V V>V i[. V V>V i[.

]]B VB v(B_V [) >s, \M> z][ *m BuzVu c^> clzD gu s|fl [k k[ BD s_. ]B]uz>KD, ]B]uz ]m kVmkmD, D,A>[\D, [AD, VxD, _]uz ]BVxD,yB> ]m >_ V[ cB> zD,k JD cuz m V[!

V[L[ >V, V[L[ >V, V[L[ >V, V[L[ >V, V[L[ >V,kV_.kV_.kV_.kV_.kV_.

m x>VB]VKD Wm Vu Btfl E> \M>V v[ (B_V [),cB >>V_, xoD \! cz [kVm >sm V^[

]\] szl_ VM V|.]\] szl_ VM V|.]\] szl_ VM V|.]\] szl_ VM V|.]\] szl_ VM V|.

v[ (B_V [) k[]BV>VB! VD [D cl[ m!_B[V_, > c_ VD [ BV_k>uzD BVD ] \VV^!

kVt VflVBV, kVt VflVBV, kVt VflVBV, kVt VflVBV, kVt VflVBV,V 1963 \A.V 1963 \A.V 1963 \A.V 1963 \A.V 1963 \A.

vD (B_V [) kzm W[kD, k[ *m ]V Dkm^>B V DkD \z _ >m. c\, VF, [ flE D Vm ]D V m [m xB\_[D, \VD vM[ (B_V [) ku,

94 95

kB EV[\BV>! [>B [\ km sm, sBV>VzD!

>V\ V_, >V\ V_, >V\ V_, >V\ V_, >V\ V_,VV][ kVuVEB \uD |BV.VV][ kVuVEB \uD |BV.VV][ kVuVEB \uD |BV.VV][ kVuVEB \uD |BV.VV][ kVuVEB \uD |BV.

kfi kVB V>V[^...

, xo\_V> [ Vkl_ \VDv[ (B_V [) k^ ,xoDVB VD, > z \V\k Wm,k Vu, k >> V]_ kVm(V][ cl v[ B_V [), ~kuB k|D [> x Fm V^^._VkD qD u VVD, gV_K_ m u V^ \VVD [k^,_Vsuz \|D \BV>, g>xz (NvVD)BVm [ B V (>mkV]) kVBVV>VM[ Bfl V>k! [m szD.

M_, _V >[B q [EV[. \KD q Em [ E>VzD ]zg[ JD V[. q_V v__VN kv_\kV, v[ [M_(B_V [) V V^!BVV_ v (B_V [)Em, c\l_ q_V v__V Nkv_\k E>VzD. \V\k W\m c\l_ q_V v__V Nkv_\k W \>VzD. _Vs[q W \m c\l_ _VkB \mkVk>VzD. Vm A>_kV? K_

mD, k EzD D(oBV _V), W \k^\k^V>VM[ \V> >k^ [m!

>] > kV^...

\VD B VV Vm,V]V {> Vm, \VD >V (V>\V)flV, V|km VD _BVL[ >


50/54

\VT[ ]B VVD V \VT[ ]B VVD V96

\VmD, >]B kVB \>vVk V>goDD ][. >>......xx......\...[ EB_ E gDm s|, B][ EBmD >Vkm B ]D V|zDElz, >[ g> >VD V|w ], xoD \[ ~\V zDxD, BVkm \VD v[ B_V

[ k[ Wk, xoD s| #\V xBuE Fm V[.

> kV[ >VwV, .s.l_ >V[DDr.V VB (\V> Vt N), kVv]_ x[, \VD v[ B_V[ EB_ VV >V[ V VD[V D, VB B>! B_V [[ Bm _k g>mD [BxoD k^ kV zw, V V>lom>k kV^ [> >m V^VD.

B], VMtm \x V>sBu, yM[ k FVD [ , xoDa WzD k^ _k V _ B V| V^ ( kVv V^:q_V K_ m^ oBV _V *mc^ ~\V VD Fkm) >V k>k,c\BV xoDtm k|] cuz>VKm V|k>uVD , V DkD>Bm M_ > \>u_.

[B zwkV]^ [B kV^...

gD, [B B V gElo>,VD [ Vkl_ am V|, VDxoD^ >V[ [ zwD, ]Du|]Bk^, K_ m^ \uD ^*m VAflE Vk^ kD >^>kV V Dk][ V> c[ x[kV^. [D xoD^ [ >Vu B_,kD kD > kV^ V Dk>D, \VDv[ B_V [ k[ WkD,

W >|>[ VD >[ kVv >VuDk| s|\V [ B\!

> kV^, >[ fl> BVk|>V\_, nk >V, ]zg[ {m>_,>, B B V, ul_ A V[>[ kw\V Vk[ \VD BV...?

flVkV...? >V...? \VD v[ B_V[s[ WkV...? _VD ! ! k! ! k! ! k! ! k! ! kVm!Vm!Vm!Vm!Vm! \KD, \mKD ADA[.

g ADAkD, \VD v[B_V [k W \kD, Bm_k[ kD, _V>gV! \\V_, B][ kV]^ l_ ]|kV[!

\VV, \VD v[ B_V [k WkD, V^ vM>V[ [ckV| kVkD, _V>gV! \\

V_, V ]_ ku u, V][ VBV\VD v[ B_V [ k[ l_]|kVV! gt[.

kV Vsuz [AD, VDcl>m!

BV ! #V! v[! v[!BV ! #V! v[! v[!BV ! #V! v[! v[!BV ! #V! v[! v[!BV ! #V! v[! v[!

97


51/54

T [ ] D T [ ] D


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\VT[ ]B VVD V \VT[ ]B VVD V100 101

\uD...

61,62, \VD \_V k k[2 \^.

6372 \VD v[ B_V [k[ 10 \^

zA :xD 10, gV ]>[ , flV

Fm > 72 V ][ ]BV[ _ V]V

{mkm [ k_ \V c\V^ \uD Vm

\^ kVwB kVwBV Fm kD gz\V uB_

gzD.

A> >Vzuz c>sBg>V _^...

(((((References)))))

1) fi [ V[ (cm)gEB: D Vs \m_VN N

2) E[]_ sD u[^gEB: V ko_V \m_VN N

3) ]BV[ k>^ \VD v[, \VD v[gEB: V. ..

4) \VD QVM V R >V>V

gEB: V. ..

5) >fi >VD, V E[DV kXD

6) VB][ V[z V^gEB: V. D.. xD\m >D

7) Naqshbandhi Haqqanis History of Karbala taken fromwww.ummah.net/Al_adaab

8) Imam Husayn - wikipedia - Encyclopedia

9)www.aulia-e-hind.com

10)www.google.com (Search : Non muslim views on Imam Hussain,Yazid in the view of Ahlul Sunnah Historians)

T [ ] D T [ ] D 102 103


53/54

\VT[ ]B VVD V \VT[ ]B VVD V102 103

gfl V[ z v[

z>V M v[

Vl q_ \ v[

[z to >> VV gN

{ V V[> [ v[

VBV { \V[ > >V\ q_

]_\ N x v[

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v cV [ B>V VV

g V[ z [

vVB\ > >V \

tV > V> v[

B >v > V[ oB !

\V vV>V ND\>V h v[!!

( k[ )

o[ B : [fi [fi V[.

T [ ] D T [ ] D 104


54/54

\VT[ ]B VVD V \VT[ ]B VVD V104

VB sVB!

BV xly[!!

m >a[ E x\V...!kV^ _, D VV>V][ m

V|, [ kVlV \ zwA[ V]_, Dx[V^ J>V>B^ kal_ _V, q_, fi> V,

VV^, VBD, oBV^, \VD^, Z,

>Zmz c| Fm k> nDD \^, Vz, >VT,

*Vm, \m, BV, VBuD, c, #, >V^,

>V_^, V]V^ [ _ \_ _VD [D

[D >] >, >] , \#], s V[

[D VtB B >VB kVB \Vm^

FD zwz D [ \V V\ xoD^

oBVsVm 1400 g|V VD FD m VBD

Zmz c uVB [ |m k>uV ExBuEBV mkm >V[ > >.

gk yMKD, m[BVsKD >V ko\V^ V>l_

[ k_ \V V^ m EB_, g[tD,

kV _k kBVF BV[ kal_

\>_o> >VVu km^ >w

m V[!!!

ISHQ-E-RASOOL IS THE SOUL OF IMAN.

qK_Vk Em ~\VM[ cl.V Em ~\VM[ D

c 1

> 1

> mkDN 1429 \ 2007

>M] : . 5/->V : . 50/

VB vV!

BV q_V!!VB >!

_V !!

Rni.No. TNTAM/2009/30120...! VmV...!!

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Oru Ma Veerarin Sathiyap Porattam - Karbala (Imam Hussain)