Orthopedic and Other Health Impairments

Categories

Orthopedic (physical) Impairments

– IDEA uses the term orthopedic impairments–with structure or functioning of their bodies–Can be divided into two categories

1. Neuromotor2. Muscular/skeletal

Orthopedic Impairments

1. Neuromotor impairments –Brain and spinal cord

Orthopedic Impairments

1. Neuromotor impairments –Brain and spinal cord

2. Muscular/Skeletal conditions –Muscles and bones

Other Health Impairments (OHI)

• Special health care needs

• Limit strength• Chronic or acute• Affect educational performance

Other Health Impairments• Chronic Illnesses– Asthma– Sickle cell anemia– Tuberculosis– Childhood cancer– Cystic fibrosis– Congenital heart defects– Blood disorders – Diabetes

• Infectious Diseases– HIV and AIDS– Hepatitis B

Prevalence

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000

(DB) (TBI) (DEAF) (VI) (MD) (HH) (OI) (ED) (AUT) (OHI) (MR) (SLI) (SLD)

Prevalence

• Asthma – 1 in 10 (3 in every class)

Prevalence

• Asthma – 1 in 10 (3 in every class)• Epilepsy – less than 1 in 100

Prevalence

• Asthma – 1 in 10 (3 in every class)• Epilepsy – less than 1 in 100• CP – 1 in 300 (1 in every elementary school)

Etiology

• Multiple factors, many unknown–Allergies and infections–Heredity–Accidents and injuries

Prevention

• Good prenatal care• Universal immunization • Avoiding injuries ()• Medical treatment or management• Teachers can show common sense

– Refer sick children to school nurse and parents– Keep play areas and objects disinfected– Having students wash their hands frequently– Using disposable gloves when cleaning up an accident – Keep classrooms free of toxins/pollutants

Modifications/Accommodations

• Usually individually based, from none to home bound or hospital based instruction

Modifications/Accommodations

• Usually individually based, from none to home bound or hospital based instruction

• Testing accommodations include– Timing/Scheduling - providing extra time– Setting - distraction free setting– Format - reading directions aloud / simplifying

directions– Response – dictating answers

Inclusion

• More students with physical disabilities (46%) and those with special health care needs (44%) are receiving their education primarily in the general education class

• Teachers are being called on to perform medical management– Shortage of nurses–Courts expansion of duties– Local education budget cuts

Transition

• 60-70% graduate from high school

• Transition programs in school can be helpful – as they are likely to run into barriers and obstacles in the community

Assistive Technology

• IDEA and courts have clarified its role as a related service • Include high- and low-tech devices • IDEA does not cover doctors

Assistive Technology

• IDEA and courts have clarified its role as a related service • Include high- and low-tech devices • IDEA does not cover doctors

• Cutting edge technology includes:–Rehabilitation engineering including bionics and

robotics–Gait training laboratories–Voice activated remote control systems

Universal Design Principles

Universal Design