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Editorial

Orogenesis and metallogenesis in the Sanjiang Tethyan domain, China: Preface☆

1. Introduction

The Sanjiang Tethyan domain in SE Asia, including the Jinshajiang,Langcangjiang and Nujiang (Fig. 1), is considered as a relict continentalfragment separated from Gondwanaland and sandwiched between theEurasian and the Indian plates (Sengor, 1987; Schwartz et al., 1995;Wuet al., 1995; Metcalfe, 1996, 1997, 2002; Hou et al., 2007; Deng et al.,2010; Dupont-Nivet et al., 2010). This region has attracted attention interms of orogenesis and metallogenesis (Mitchell, 1977; Ueno, 1999;Ueno and Hisada, 2001; Sone and Metcalfe, 2008), particularly in rela-tion to the important mineral deposits of Cu, Pb–Zn, Ag, Au and others(C.M.Wang et al., 2014a). The Sanjiang Tethyan domain is a natural lab-oratory for evaluating orogenesis and metallogenesis. The two mainproblems in this region are (1) understanding the mechanism of accre-tionary orogeny and the enrichment of metals; and (2) the relationshipof the Late Paleozoic–Mesozoic metallogenic systems with the tectonicregime transition and complex superposition.

This special issue ofGondwanaResearch assembles a set of twelve se-lected paperswhich providenew insights on the Sanjiang Tethyan orog-eny and metallogeny. These contributions cover detailed evaluation ofthe major metallogenic systems including the porphyry Cu deposit,VMS-type Pb–Zn–Cu deposit, orogenic Au deposit, sediment-hostedPb–Zn–Cu–Ag deposits and Sn deposit.

2. Geodynamics background and metallogeny

The Sanjiang Tethyan domain has experienced superposed transi-tion of Tethys tectonic evolution in Late Paleozoic to continental colli-sion orogeny in Cenozoic, with mass multi-stage mineralization andthe formation of large volumes of metallic mineral deposits (Liu et al.,1993; Yang, 1998; Pan et al., 2004; Zhao and Wu, 2004; Wang et al.,2010a, 2010b; Deng et al., 2011, 2012). Deng et al. (2014, in thisissue) present an overview and re-evaluation of Tethys tectonic evolu-tion and its bearing on the distribution of important mineral depositsin the Sanjiang domain. The authors propose that the subduction ofthe Proto-Tethys occurred from 473 Ma to 439 Ma. The Proto-Tethyswas succeeded in Early-Devonian by the Paleo-Tethys which comprisedthe main ocean ad three branches: Ailaoshan, Jinshajiang and Garzê–Litang, with a termination of the subduction at 230–219 Ma. TheMeso-zoic and Early-Cenozoic evolution of the Baoshan and Tengchong blockswas largely influenced by eastward oceanic subduction of the Meso-and Neo-Tethys from Late-Permian to Middle-Cretaceous and fromLate-Cretaceous to ~50 Ma, respectively.

Please cite this article as: Deng, J., et al., Orogenesis and metallogenesis i(2013), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2013.12.003

☆ This article belongs to the Special Issue on Orogenesis and metallogenesis in theSanjiang Tethyan Domain.

1342-937X/$ – see front matter © 2013 International Association for Gondwana Research. Pubhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2013.12.003

Q.F. Wang et al. (2014, in this issue) present results from LA-ICP-MS chronology of Devonian–Carboniferous sedimentary rocks(428–446 Ma) and zircon xenocrysts from Triassic granitoids(251 ± 1.4 Ma) that occur between the Ailaoshan suture dissectingthe Simao–Indochina block and Yangtze Craton.

Y. Chen et al. (2014, in this issue) report geochemistry and zirconSHRIMP U–Pb data of the Lhasa Terrane (116.9 ± 1.3 Ma–115.7 ±0.6 Ma), to the west of the Sanjiang Tethyan domain. The authors pro-pose that synchronous magmatism occurred at ca. 113 Ma aroundXainza. The authors identify within-plate chemical signatures of theXainza basalts and coeval A2-type rhyolites in the Lhasa–Qiangtangcollision zone, and subslab asthenosphere- and subarc mantle wedge-derived hybrid basaltic magmas, during slab breakoff in a continent–continent collision zone.

In order to compare with the Sanjiang Tethyan domain, Shi et al.(2014, in this issue) report 40Ar/39Ar data in the jadeite uplift,Myanmar. The Jurassic age (152.4 ± 1.5 Ma) of the glaucophane,even older than the formation age of the jadeitite from recent studies,is suggested to indicate subduction with the Woyla intra-oceanic arc,or the Incertus arc to the west. The Eocene ages (44.8 ± 1.1 and45.0 ± 1.3 Ma) of phengitic muscovites are interpreted as the time ofan intra-continental shearing deformation event. The authors proposethat the Tagaung–Myitkyina belt and the Indo-Burma range were onesingle belt, which has been separated by the Sagaing fault, leaving thejadeite uplift straddling along the fault between the belt and the range.

3. Accretionary orogen and metallogenesis

B.D. Wang et al. (2014, in this issue) present results from zircon LA-ICP-MS chronology (244.6 ± 2.6 Ma–248.5 ± 2.3 Ma), and Sr–Nd–Hfisotopes in the Triassic volcanic rocks in the Jiangda–Deqen–Weixi con-tinental margin arc in the Sanjiang Tethyan domain. They propose athree-stage evolutionary model of collision in the Jinshajiang TethyanOcean: 1) arc formation in the early period of the main collision(~255–250 Ma) as a result of the subduction and closure of the TethyanJinshajiang Ocean lithosphere; 2) extension during the later period ofthemain collision (249–237 Ma), caused by slab break-off from the Te-thyanOcean lithospherewhich triggered the eruption of a bimodal suiteof volcanic rocks; and 3) post-collisional orogenesis (236–212 Ma)marked by the disappearance of the residual sea Jinsha River becauseof the convergence of the Zhongzan–Zhongdian and Changdu–Simaoblocks.

J.L. Chen et al. (2014, in this issue) report geochemistry and zirconU–Pb isotopic systematics (211.9 ± 1.9 Ma–217.2 ± 1.4 Ma) of theZhongdian arc in the southern part of the Yidun arc, at the northernpart of the Sanjiang Tethyan domain. They propose that the porphyriticrocks formedmainly between 221 and 211 Ma, related to slab break-offor slab-tearing of the westward subducting Garzê–Litang oceanic crust

n the Sanjiang Tethyan domain, China: Preface, Gondwana Research

lished by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Fig. 1. A simplified tectonic map of Asia, with major Tethys sutures.Modified after Sengor (1987); Metcalfe (1996, 2002); C.M. Wang et al. (2014b).

2 Editorial

in the Late Triassic. The interaction and/or mixing of melts from themetasomatized mantle wedge and the underplated mafic materialthat had experienced MASH processes and/or from the subductingoceanic crust probably led to the formation of porphyritic rocks andassociated Cu porphyry deposits.

Meng et al. (2014, in this issue) report geochemistry and zircon LA-ICP-MS U–Pb data (83.7 ± 0.5 Ma–85.2 ± 0.4 Ma) on the Late Creta-ceousMambamagmatic rocks, to the northwest of the Sanjiang Tethyandomain. The authors propose that the Mamba host granodiorites andmafic enclaves in central Lhasa subterrane were contemporaneouslyemplaced in Late Cretaceous (~85 Ma). Mamba adakitic host granodio-rites and mafic enclaves might have been derived from magma mixingbetween the melts from ancient thickened lower crust and enrichedfluid-metasomatized mantle source, in the back-arc extension ofTethyan Ocean.

4. Collisional orogen and metallogenesis

T.N. Yang et al. (2014, in this issue) report geochemistry and zirconU–Pb isotopic systematics (35.0 ± 2.3 Ma–36.59 ± 0.67 Ma) of Paleo-gene sedimentation, volcanism and deformation of eastern Tibet, to the

Please cite this article as: Deng, J., et al., Orogenesis and metallogenesis i(2013), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2013.12.003

northwest of the Sanjiang Tethyan domain. The authors identifyshoshonite volcanism of 36 Ma in a Cenozoic basin in southeast Tibet.Syn-sedimentation compression has caused successive change inlithofacies. They provide constraints on Cenozoic basin evolution inrelation to the tectonic evolution of southeast Tibet.

Z.M. Yang et al. (2014, in this issue) report the post-collisional Mo-rich porphyry Cu deposit at Narigongma associated with Eocene high-K adakitic intrusions in theQiangtang terrane of the Himalayan–Tibetanorogen, to the northwest of the Sanjiang Tethyan domain. They suggestthe formation of post-collisional ore-forming porphyries in two stages:(1) partial melting of metasomatized phlogopite-bearing lithosphericmantle that generated potassic to ultra-potassicmaficmelts, and (2) un-derplating of such melts beneath thickened juvenile lower crust, whichtriggered partial melting of the lower crust to produce the ore-formation and the high-K adakitic magma.

Zhang et al. (2014, in this issue) report the trace element composi-tion of sulfides by LA-ICP-MS method in the Chang'an gold deposit, inthe Southern Ailaoshan belt. Hydrothermal pyrite is widely distributedin the ore and wall rock and can be divided into three types accordingto its morphology and host rock. The authors propose that the33–35 Ma magmatic intrusions provided the heat force for driving

n the Sanjiang Tethyan domain, China: Preface, Gondwana Research

3Editorial

the metamorphic fluid circulation and extraction of gold and other ore-forming elements from the surrounding strata.

C.M. Wang et al. (2014b, in this issue) present an overview and re-evaluation of tin metallogenesis in the Sanjiang Tethys. The resultsshow that the eastern and central parts of this domain, comprising theLincang and Changning–Menglian Sn belts, are related to Late Triassic–Early Jurassic S-type granitoids (178–239 Ma) formed by partialmeltingof the Tengchong–Baoshan crust subducted beneath the Changning–Menglian Paleo-Tethys accretionary complex. The western part of theSouthwest Sanjiang Tethys metallogenic Sn domain, composed of theTengchong–Baoshan metallogenic Sn belt, is related either to EarlyCretaceous (113–136 Ma) granitoids or to Late Cretaceous–EarlyCenozoic (52–89 Ma) S-type granitoids. The former granitoids resultedfrom the collision betweenwestern Burma Terrane and the Tengchong–Baoshan Terrane, which caused double thickening of the crust and theformation of skarn type tin deposit. The latter groups corresponds tothe India–Asia continental collision and the Xiaolonghe and Lailishangreisen type Sn deposits in the Tengchong–Baoshan belt that formedin that event.

5. Transition of tectonic regime and superimposed orogenesis

Tang et al. (2013) report their study on the Jinding sediment-hostedPb–Zn deposit in the Lanping basin, considered to have formed at 33 to28 Ma, temporally corresponding to the late-collisional transition stageof India–Asia continental collision. The stress regime during this periodin the Sanjiang region shifted from collisional compression to strike–slip. The authors propose that themetal-bearingfluidmigrated vertical-ly alongmajor thrust faults and finally deposited sulfideminerals in theopen spaces induced by thrust–nappe structures during stage 1 miner-alization.During the stage 2mineralization, themeteoricwater infiltrat-ed and reacted with evaporitic rocks, and then it leached metals andtransported them as sulfate or sulfite-complexes to the Jinding dome,leading to sulfide precipitation.

6. Summary

The 12 papers presented in this special issue of Gondwana Researchrepresent recent studies relating to the mechanism of accretionaryand collisional orogeny, enrichment of metals, followed by tectonicregime transition and the evolution of huge, complex superimposedore deposits.We hope that these contributionswill provide useful infor-mation on the orogenesis and metallogeny in the Sanjiang Tethyandomain in particular, and insights into the Tethys evolutionary historyin general.

Acknowledgments

Weare grateful for the kind offer and encouragement in bringing outthis special issue from Gondwana Research. We thank the authors forparticipating in and contributing to this special issue.We are also grate-ful to the referees for their critical reviews and constructive comments.One of us (Prof. Jun Deng) would like to acknowledge funds from theNational Basic Research Program (No. 2009CB421008), and InnovativeResearch Team in University (No. PCSIRT) and the 111 Project (No.B07011).

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Please cite this article as: Deng, J., et al., Orogenesis and metallogenesis i(2013), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2013.12.003

Jun Deng*Chang-Ming Wang

Guest EditorsState Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,

China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China⁎Corresponding author.

E-mail addresses: djun@cugb.edu.cn(J. Deng),wangcm@cugb.edu.cn(C-M. Wang).

M. SantoshGuest Editor

School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083, PR China

E-mail address: msantosh.gr@gmail.com.

Available online xxxx

n the Sanjiang Tethyan domain, China: Preface, Gondwana Research