Ornamental Herbs are important in retail nurseries as they can

attract large number of customers

•Small in size and can be planted in pots and indoors

•Mostly used in landscape garden as hedges, edges, cover crops,

flower beds etc.

•Propagated by different methods like Seeds, cuttings, runners,

bulbs, corms, suckers as main methods of mass production in

herbs.

Introduction

The Garden

A garden is a place to grow fruits and vegetables, medicinal herbs, and ornamental plants. Historically, most gardens

have been used for all these purposes at once.

The garden represents an image of paradise on Earth: the perfect place for peace, relaxation

The word “paradise” comes from ancient Persia, meaning “a walled garden”

In the Bible, the first humans Adam and Eve lived in the Garden of Eden.

Ancient Gardens

Ancient Egyptian gardens were surrounded by walls. The world outside was harsh, dry and too sunny, and the

garden needed to be protected from it. Ponds and irrigation ditches were used. Gardens were laid

out in a formal, geometric pattern.. Trees such as date palms, figs, and pomegranates provided shade as well

as fruit. Gardening was popular in ancient Rome, where topiary

was invented

Gardening was common in the Muslim world. A common design matched the Garden of Eden: four waterways

linked to a central pool divided the garden into quarters.

ANCIENT GARDENS

Hanging Gardens of Babylon

Constructed about 600 BC by King Nebuchdnezzar to please his homesick wife. She was from Persia, a more fertile and hilly

place than the flat land of Mesopotamia (modern Iraq).

It was one of the Seven Wonders of the World: popular places for

tourists from ancient Greece and Rome.

Destroyed an earthquake around 100 AD

Needed to pump water from the river to the top of the structure.

English Gardens

The English garden can also be called a landscape park. It developed in the 1700’s as a reaction to

the formal French style. It presented an idealized view of the natural world.

Lakes, lawns, gently rolling hills, groves of trees, classical Greek temples or scenic (fake) ruins.

Chinese and Japanese Gardens

Gardening in China is at least as ancient as in Egypt

The garden was the living embodiment of a painting or a poem

Many plants and objects had symbolic meanings: bamboo is strong and resilient; pine is long-lived

and persistent; lotus represents purity

Plants were essential elements. Some common garden flowers come from China:

chrysanthemum, peony, flowering plum, roses, camellia.

Roses

• Rose cultivation probably began in China 5000 years ago or so.

• The first distilled essential oil was attar of roses (from the Muslim Golden Age, when

distillation was invented). • Europe and western Asia had their own

cultivated roses, which were popular from ancient times.

Tulips

Tulips are native to central Asia, places like Afghanistan and Kazakhistan.

They are monocots, in the lily family.

They are perennials, storing food over the winter in Bulbs are planted in the fall.

Tulips can be grown from seed, but it takes 5-8 years before flowering occurs. And, many varieties are sterile hybrids.

Orchids

Orchids may be largest plant family.

Monocots: parallel leaf veins and flowers with groups of three. Like tulips, the sepals and petals are similar and

so are called tepals.

Vanilla is in the orchid family. It is the only “useful” orchid.

Many orchids are epiphytes:

Orchid flowers have many shape variation

One petal is always enlarged and modified to serve as a landing platform for the pollinators.

Orchid seeds are extremely small and are produced in huge quantities..

Orchid Mimicry

Insect proboscis with several attached pollen masses

On the basis of an orchid withA 10 inch nectary, Darwin predicted(correctly) the existence of a mothwith a corresponding proboscis

Fly orchid. The two yellow“eyes” are the pollen masses.

Bee orchid.

Orchid mimic of praying mantis

Some Orchids

More Orchids

Modern ornamental Roses

Cultivated roses from China were introduced into Europe in the 1600’s, at about the same time the tulip and other

exotic flowers were introduced into Europe by the Dutch. At the time, the Dutch were very powerful in oceanic

trade, especially in the spice trade.

Rose breeding involves the hybridization of many species and cultivars

Napoleon’s wife, the Empress Josephine, decided to grow every type of rose in existence, in about 1800. She gathered many horticulture experts, who did much

hybridization and breeding.

The first modern rose was ‘La France’, developed in 1867. It was the first “hybrid tea rose”

Old Garden roses are types that were present in Europe before the development of the hybrid tea rose.

‘La France’, the firstmodern rose.

MODERN ORNAMENTAL PLANTS-PETUNIA

JASMiNUM

ROSES

MARIGOLD

sunflower

HIBISCUS FLOWER

bouganvillea