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The role of formate dehydrogenase in the survival of Campylobacter
jejuni in natural water
Kimberly Carter
Mentors: Dr. Gireesh Rajashekara and Dr. Issmat Kassem
Food Animal Health Research Program
Introduction: Campylobacter jejuniMicroaerophilic bacterium and
gastrointestinal pathogenCampylobacteriosis commonly
contracted through undercooked poultry meat, water, and milk
Persists in waterEnters viable but non-culturable state
(VBNC)Forms biofilmsExtensive and complex electron
transport chain Formate dehydrogenase (FdhA)
Does fdhA contribute to C. jejuni persistence in water?
Objectives and HypothesisLittle research has been done to characterize C. jejuni’s survival
mechanisms in water
Our goal: characterize the role of fdhA in Campylobacter jejuni for
persistence in water
Research could lead to techniques to prevent or control infections
contracted through water
Hypothesis: An fdhA deletion mutant strain (ΔfdhA) will exhibit a lower rate of survival compared to the wild type (WT) strain.
Materials and MethodsWater Microcosms
Pond waterOptical Density (OD₆₀₀) 0.500Room temperature Inoculated on MH plates at 0,
4, and 8 hours Incubated plates for 48 hours
in microaerobic conditions
Biofilm AssayGlass tubes filled with water from the microcosms were stained with
1% crystal violet. The stain was dissolved with 80% dimethyl sulfoxide, and the optical density was measured.
Statistical AnalysesStudent t-test: P < 0.05 considered statistically significant
Measurement of formate dehydrogenase activity
After adding formate to the cultures, the optical density of the wild-type increased, but that of the ∆fdhA mutant did not, indicating a loss of formate dehydrogenase activity in the mutant.
WT
∆fdhA
Summary of ∆fdhA phenotypes
The ∆fdhA mutant showed defects in motility, adaption to oxidative stress, biofilm formation, colonization in chicken intestinal cells (PIC), and human intestinal cells (INT-407). It also exhibited an abnormal cell shape.
- Adh: adherence-Inv: invasion-Intra: intracellular survival
Water Microcosm Results
The ∆fdhA mutant showed a decreased ability to survive in water at room temperature compared to the wild-type.
**
Num
ber
of C
. jej
uni C
FU
(lo
g₁₀)
Biofilm Assay Results
There was no significant difference between the ∆fdhA mutant and the wild-type in biofilm formation.
Opt
ical
Den
sity
(O
D55
0)
Conclusions and Future Directions
∆fdhA showed decreased ability to survive in waterHowever, not due to deficient biofilm formation
VBNC? Chemical in water?
Would distilled water or another source of water change the results?
How would adding formate affect the rate of survival?
ReferencesBaffone, W., Casaroli, A., Citterio, B., Pierfelici, L., Campana, R., Vittoria, E., Guaglianone, E. and G. Donelli. 2005. Campylobacter jejuni loss of culturability in aqueous microcosms and ability to resuscitate in a mouse model. IJ Food Micro 107:83-91.Hitchcock, A., Hall, S., Myers, J., Mulholland, F., Jones, M. and D. Kelly. 2010. Roles of the twin-arginine
translocase and associated chaperones in the biogenesis of electron transport chains of the human pathogen Campylobacter jejuni. Microbiology 156:2994-3010.Jackson, N., Davis, B., Tirado, S., Duggal, M., van Frankenhuyzen, J., Deaville, D., Wijesinghe, M., Tessaro, M. and J. Trevors. 2009. Survival mechanisms and culturability of Campylobacter jejuni under stress conditions. Antonie van Leeuwenkoek. 96:377-394.Kassem, I., Zhang, Q., and G. Rajashekara. 2011. The twin-arginine translocation system: contributions to the pathobiology of Campylobacter jejuni. Future Microbiol. 6(11):1-13.Liu, X., Gao, B., Novik, V. and Galán, J. 2012. Quantitative proteomics of intracellular Campylobacter jejuni reveals metabolic reprogramming. PLoS Pathog 8(3):1-12. Rajashekara, G., Drozd, M., Gangaiah, D., Jeon, B., Liu, Z. and Q. Zhang. 2009. Functional characterization of the twin-arginine translocation system in Campylobacter jejuni. Foodborne Path Disease 6(8):935-945.Weerakoon, D., Borden, N., Goodson, C., Grimes, J. and J. Olson. 2009. The role of respiratory donor enzymes in Campylobacter jejuni host colonization and physiology. Micro Pathogenesis 47(1):8-15.Wingender, J. and H. Flemming. 2011. Biofilms in drinking water and their role as reservoir for pathogens.
IJ Hygiene Environ Health 214:417-423.
AcknowledgementsDr. Grewal and all who make ORIP possibleDr. Gireesh RajashekaraDr. Issmat KassemAll personnel in Dr. Rajashekara’s labsAll personnel in the Food Animal Health Research
Program