Origins summary

DEVEREUX• Devereux is a surname found throughout the English

and French-speaking world like Carter (from French-English origin) and Daudier (Irish-French). It is of Norman origin, meaning d‘Évreux or "from Évreux" a town in Normandy, France. The name is also found in Wexford, where the Normans first landed in Ireland from Pembrokeshire.

• The similar name Devereaux is a misspelling of the surname resulting from the various ways of pronouncing it - the placename is pronounced "Ev-rer" and the surname may be pronounced Dever-o, Dever-oo, Dever-ooks, Dev-erah or Dev-rah

Denmark

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ÉvreuxWexford

EssexNorway

Sweden

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Oresund Bridge from Denmark to Sweden

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Denmark from Space

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NORMANDY

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England from Space

England´s Coat of ArmsMotto: Dieu et mon droit;

God and my right

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Ireland from Space

Wexford Coat of ArmsMotto: Per Aquam et Ignem;

Through Water and Fire

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Streets of Rouen, Normandy. Could be Copenhagen, London or Dublin. All influenced by the Vikings.

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The Tower of London built by William the Conqueror in 1078

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11 th century Norman Castle in County Meath, Ireland

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Ireland, England and Normandy from Space

DEVEREUX• The surname Devereux is of regional origin. Regional surnames

stem from place names including rivers, countries and man made features such as buildings, crossroads and many other objects. In this case, the name is ultimately of Norman origin arriving in Ireland at the time of the Anglo Norman invasion of the 12th century and would have been applied to someone who came from Evreux in Eure, Normandy. The place name itself is a Gaulic tribal name meaning “dwellers of the Ebura or Eure River” in Rouen.

• Early records show that the surname Devereux originally was d´Evreux and is one of the most powerful of the Anglo Norman families in the County of Wexford. Coming from France to Enland in the eleventh century with William the Conqueror, a hundred years later the chief men of the family took part in Strongbow´s invasion of Ireland and having obtained large estates in County Wexford became the most powerful of the Norman settlers in the country.

DEVEREUX• The Norman invasion of Ireland was a two-stage process,

which began on 1 May 1169 when a force of individual Norman knights landed near Bannow, County Wexford. This was at the request of Dermot MacMurrough (Diarmait Mac Murchada), the ousted King of Leinster who sought their help in regaining his kingdom.

• Then on 18 October 1171, Henry II landed a much bigger force in Waterford to at least ensure his continuing control over the Norman force. In the process he took Dublin and had accepted the fealty of the Irish kings and bishops by 1172, so creating the "Lordship of Ireland", which formed part of his Angevin Empire.

DEVEREUX• Invasion of 1169• After losing the protection of Tyrone Chief, Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn, High King

of Ireland, who died in 1166, MacMorrough was forcibly exiled by a confederation of Irish forces under the new High King, Rory O'Connor.

• MacMurrough fled first to Bristol and then to Normandy. He sought and obtained permission from Henry II of England to use the latter's subjects to regain his kingdom. By 1167 MacMurrough had obtained the services of Maurice Fitz Gerald and later persuaded Rhys ap Gruffydd Prince of Deheubarth to release Fitz Gerald's half-brother Robert Fitz-Stephen from captivity to take part in the expedition. Most importantly he obtained the support of the Earl of Pembroke Richard de Clare, known as Strongbow.

• The first Norman knight to land in Ireland was Richard fitz Godbert de Roche in 1167, but it was not until 1169 that the main body of Norman, Welsh and Flemish forces landed in Wexford. Within a short time Leinster was conquered, Waterford and Dublin were under Diarmait's control. Strongbow married Diarmait's daughter, Aoife, and was named as heir to the Kingdom of Leinster. This latter development caused consternation to Henry II, who feared the establishment of a rival Norman state in Ireland. Accordingly, he resolved to visit Leinster to establish his authority.

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• Arrival of Henry II in 1171• Pope Adrian IV, the only English pope, in one of his

earliest acts, had already issued a Papal Bull in 1155, giving Henry authority to invade Ireland as a means of ensuring reform by bringing the Irish Church more directly under the control of the Holy See. Little contemporary use, however, was made of the Bull Laudabiliter since its text enforced papal suzerainty not only over the island of Ireland but of all islands off of the European coast, including England, in virtue of the Constantinian Donation.

DEVEREUX• List of Norman captains • Those present during the invasion of Henry II in 1171:• Richard de Tuite• William de Wall• Randolph FitzRalph, with FitzStephen• Alice of Abervenny, with Raymond FitzWilliam Le Gros• Richard de Cogan, with Strongbow• Phillipe le Hore, with Strongbow• Theobald Fitzwalter, with Henry II• Robert de Bermingham, with Strongbow• d'Evreux, with Strongbow• Eustace Roger de Gernon, with Strongbow• de la Chapelle (Supple)• Gilbert d'Angulo and sons Jocelyn and Hostilo (Costello), with Strongbow.

DEVEREUX• Both, Strongbow and d'Evreux were relatives and find

their roots in William the Conqueror´s family tree.• Stromgbow was descendant of Geoffrey, Count of Eu, an

illegitimate son of Richard I “The Fearless” and d´Evreux was descendant of Robert, Count of Evreux, son of Richard I “The Fearless” (Geoffey and Robert were half-brothers).

• The family tree starts with Rollo (Rolf ) The Viking; first Duke of Normandy, a son of Rognvald Eysteinsson, Earl of Møre, in Western Norway

• William The Conqueror´s Grandfather was Richard II “The Good”, brother of Robert, Count of Evreux (the originator of the Devereux surname).

Arms of the Duchy of Normandy

DEVEREUX• Rollo The Viking (846-931),

baptised Robert and so sometimes numbered Robert I to distinguish him from his descendants, was a Norwegian or Danish nobleman and the founder and first ruler of the Viking principality in what soon became known as Normandy.

DEVEREUXWilliam I, Leader of the Normans of Rouen, known as “Longsword”.

He was the second Duke of Normandy afte his father Rollo “The Viking”. He was father of Richard I, “The Fearless”.

DEVEREUXRichard I, Duke of Normandy, known as “The Fearless”.

Son of William I, Leader of The Normans of Rouen, known as “Longsword” ; Grandson of Rollo “The Viking”, and father of Robert Archbishop of Rouen - Count of Evreux. Officially, the first Devereux in the Planet.

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DEVEREUX• Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke a Norman earl

also known by the nickname "Strongbow"• Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (of the first

creation), Lord of Leinster, Justiciar of Ireland (1130 – 20 April 1176). Like his father, he was also commonly known as Strongbow. He was a Cambro-Norman lord notable for his leading role in the Norman invasion of Ireland.

• He was the son of Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke and Isabel de Beaumont. His father died when Richard was about eighteen years old and Richard inherited the title Earl of Pembroke. It is probable that this title was not recognized at Henry II's coronation.

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Strongbow effigy Christ Church Dublin Strongbow is actually buried in the graveyard of the Ferns Cathedral, Ferns, County Wexford, Ireland where his grave can be seen in the graveyard.

DEVEREUX• The d´Evreuxes arrived in England with William The Conqueror in

1066 during the invasion of England by the Normans. They became one of the most powerfull families both in England and Ireland where they obtained large estates.

• The family Motto is: Basis Virtutum Constantia; The Foundation of Virtue is Constancy.

• And constancy it is what we have since we have been around for more than a thousand years.

Devereux Tower, London, England