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Origins of the WW II. Lesson Essential Question: Could WWII have been prevented?. Remember… One More Lollypop and Then You All Go Home!”. The Great Depression to WWII . The effects of the Depression are felt around the world What happens when economic times are bad? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Lesson Essential Question:Could WWII have been
prevented?
Origins of the WW II
Remember… One More Lollypop and
Then You All Go Home!”
The effects of the Depression are felt around the world
What happens when economic times are bad? Increase in racism (scapegoats)
Increase in radicalism
The Great Depression to WWII
Do we remember what this is?
When was it signed?What was the effects of this Treaty?
The Treaty of Versailles
A “peace” treaty signed by Allied powers and Germany on June 18, 1919
It assigned Germany responsibility for the war.
Required Germany to pay reparations to Allied countries
Reduced Germany’s territoryDidn’t allow for Germany to have an army
The Treaty of Versailles
Germans do not like the treaty – the assume the guiltpaying war reparationsNot being able to have a military
Do you think this treaty is going to keep the world peace so many hoped for?
The Treaty of Versailles
What is Appeasement?Yielding to an enemy’s demands in order to maintain peace
Does it work?Ah what are we studying right now… you be the judge
Policy of Appeasement
At the end of WWI the Treaty of Versailles was signed to end of all wars
Problem – it blamed Germany and put the war debts
End of WWI
France and Great Britain still recovering from WWI – will go to great costs to avoid another war
France and GB distrust Hitler – but decided on appeasement
Why?
Hitler and appeasement
Chamberlin (the British leader) said didn’t make sense to go to war over such a small territory…. Let Germany have it… not worth war
What do you think?
Appeasement and Sudeten Land
Munich Pact - 1938
France, Great Britain, Italy, and Germany signed
Basically said Hitler would not expand beyond the Sudetenland of German speaking Czechoslovakia
Munich Pact - 1938
What is the point of this cartoon?
Is Appeasement a good idea?What do you think?
StalinMussoliniHitlerTojoPrime Minister ChurchillFDR
Let’s meet the players
Soviet Union: Joseph Stalin
Stalin’s Soviet Union Lenin’s worldwide
Communist revolution never occurred.
Stalin takes over after Lenin’s death in 1924.
Stalin’s Economic Plans Modernize agriculture He wanted farmers to combine family
farms into farms run by the state (country). –collective farms.
State takeover of land took several years– resistance was met with confiscation of food—also sent to labor camps
Collectivization led to loss of human lives and shortage of food—rationing.
Stalin’s Reign of Terror Purges- elimination of enemies. Great Purge began in 1934 w/ local
party officials and farmers By 1939 more than 7 million
arrested at all levels of society. A million were executed and
millions more were sent to labor camps.
Purges did eliminate threats to Stalin– real or imagined.
Communist party as the only authority
State planning of the economyBrutal purges to maintain political control
Complete control of a persons life – every aspect
Totalitarianism Government - Stalin
Italy: Benito Mussolini
Inflation (extreme) and labor strikes hurt the economy
Communists threatened to take over
Mad at Versailles because failed to give Italians the land they thought they deserved.
Italy after WWI
Mussolini – Italy Mussolini took advantage of
these condition to become a leader and ultimately a dictator
Benito Mussolini had fought and been wounded in WWI.
Great speaker, he began to attract followers.
1919 formed the Fascist Party
Extreme nationalism in which the state comes first and the individual liberties is secondary
Strongly oppose communism and democracy
They favor military values, violence, and ruthless leadership
Fascism and Italy
Mussolini continued…. Called himself Il Duce (the
leader) His tone was often emotional
and dramatic.
Mussolini continued…. Used gangs of thugs known as
Black shirts to terrorize those who opposed him.
Vowed to end economic poverty—outlawed political parties, ended elections, became dictatorship.
At first Mussolini received praise from European countries, they soon regret this praise.
Had plans to form a new Roman Empire.
October 1935—invades Ethiopia, by 1936 Ethiopia was under Italian control.
Extreme nationalismIndividual liberties CRUSHED
State is paramountBring back the glory of ancient Rome through military conquest
Characteristics of Fascism in Italy
Adolf Hitler
Rise to Power
Something to ponder…
how does this little boy on the left became the man on the right who
was ultimately responsible for the death of about 50
million people all over the world!!
signature
Hitler’s Art
Military ServiceAdolf left Austria at the age of 24 to avoid
mandatory military service that was required of all men.
But he did sign up for military service at the start of WW
I. He joined a Bavarian unit of the German Army. This
is a picture of Hitler listening to
an enlistment speech.
World War IExcited to fight for
Germany.Found a home
fighting for the Fatherland.
Highest rank held was corporal.
Was a regimental messenger, not an easy job at all.
Military RecordWas awarded the Iron
Cross twice. (5 medals overall)
Highest military honor in German Army.
Single handedly captured 4 French soldiers.
Blinded by gas attack towards end of war.
German Loss in WW IHitler was devastated when he heard the
news of the German surrender.He was appalled at the anti-war sentiment
among the German civilians.Believed there was an anti-war conspiracy
that involved the Jews and Marxists.Also, felt that the German military did not
lose the war, but that the politicians (mostly Jews) at home were responsible for the defeat.
NAZI Party is FormedHitler began to think
big for the German Worker’s Party
Began placing ads for meetings in anti-Semitic newspapers
Hitler changed the name to National Socialist German Worker’s Party or the NAZIS
Party PlatformHitler drafted a
platform of 25 points
Revoke Versailles Treaty
Revoke civil rights of Jews
Confiscate any war profits
Besides changing the party name, the red flag with the
SWASTIKA was adopted as the party symbol
Beer Hall PutschOctober 30, 1923Hitler held a rally in
Munich beer hall and declared revolution
Led 2000 men in take over of Bavarian Government
It failed and Hitler was imprisoned
Trial and Jail•At his trial (Hitler was charged with treason), he used the opportunity to speak about the NAZI platform and spread his popularity.•The whole nation suddenly knew who Adolf Hitler was and what he stood for•He was sentenced to five years, but actually only served about 9 months•When he left prison, he was ready to go into action again.
Mein KampfHitler’s book “My
Struggle” - wrote while in jail
Sold 5 million copies, made him rich
Topics included: Jews were evil, Germans were superior race, Fuhrer principal, dislike of Communism and Democracy and need to conquer Russia
Appeal of HitlerGermany was in the midst of an
economic depression with hyper-inflation
Hitler was a WW I hero who talked about bringing glory back to the “Fatherland”
He promised the rich industrialists that he would end any communist threat in Germany
Constantly blamed Jews for Germany’s problems, not the German people.
Hitler was an excellent public speaker.
Strong Arm TacticsThe “Brownshirts” or
SA (Stormtroopers)SA was used to put
down opposition parties
Threatened and beat up Jews and ant-Nazi voters
Wore brownshirts, pants and boots
Numbered almost 400,000 by 1932
Absolute PowerGerman economy was
improving, people were happy
Hilter had not political opposition
1st concentration camp opened in 1933
Began rearming German Army for expansion of the Reich
Extreme nationalismTerritorial expansion to create “living space”
Civil Liberties abolishedForce used to eliminate opposition
Things to know – on Hitler / Nazism
Did you know:
The U.S. Navy will spend as much as $600,000 to modify the appearance of a barracks complex that resembles a swastika from the air .(Google Earth) http://abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=3654325
Jot down what you think might have been some of the reasons Hitler was able to come to power
Why were the people willing to believe what he had to offer?
Wow that was a lot
JapanWho is Next… Why Mr. TOJO
Japan: Emperor Hirohito1926-1989
Prime Minister Tōjō Hideki1941-1944
Japan Builds an Empire Early 20th century- Japan to
increases its sphere of influence.
a military dictatorship soon takes control of government.
With a booming population and Japan required more resources.
Manchurian Incident
Japan staged Chinese attack. Created a “puppet state”.Led to an invasion of China and a stalemate that lasted until 1939.
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere– Japan’s plan to liberate Asia from Western Colonizers.
Extreme nationalismMilitary control of civilian government
Territorial expansion to obtain raw materials
Militarism under Tojo
Great Britain: Neville Chamberlain (1937-40)
•The Great Appeaser•Doesn’t want to go to war… gives in at every turn
Great Britain: Winston Churchill 1940-1945, 1951-1955
•Does not back down•Eventually leads Great Britain to Victory
United States: Franklin D. Roosevelt
Do we know this guy?•Yep Good Ole FDR•More on him later
Now for the events that eventually
lead to World War II
59
The Treaty seemed to satisfy the "Big Three" overall.
• It made sure that Germany was too weak to start another European War, yet strong
enough to help stop the spread of Communism.
It kept the French border with Germany safe from future German attacks.
It created the League of Nations. This would help promote peace and trade throughout the
world.
60
Germans hated the treaty, especially Article 231 which blamed them for starting the war.
Many Germans also thought the financial penalties that the treaty imposed upon their country and her people to be
immoral and unjust.
The German Government that had agreed to the treaty became known as the "November Criminals“.
Many German citizens felt that they were now being punished for the mistakes of the Kaiser and German government of
August 1914 who had started the war as well as the government of 1919 that had signed the treaty that brought
peace.
Great Britain and France were not in the financial security to provide more aid to the countries where the dictators rose… Remember…
Great DepressionNo resources to help the countries
Where is the Aid?
Early 1930s, Americans favored isolationism.
WHY???? Depression and bitter memories of WWI
Military Aggression Meets a Weak Response
No state has the right to intervene in the internal or external affairs of another
21 Nations signedUS encouraged Japan, Germany, and Italy to abide, but did not back words with actions
Good Neighbor policy - FDR
Example of blatant aggression 1931Japan seized ManchuriaThis gave Japan resources, isolated them from other countries
1932 – League of Nations said stop and Japan refused
Japan left the league
Militarists Expand Japan’s Empire
1937 – Japanese and Chinese forces clash outside Beijing (China’s capital)
Full-fledged wareJapan captured the city6 week rampage know as Rape of Nanjing
More aggression from Japan
Massacred 300,000 civiliansBrutally raped about 20,000 Chinese women
To Japanese – Chinese were not human they were subhuman
We will see that theme a lot
Rape of Nanjing
When the league does nothing to stop the Japanese, others take that as a sign to go
1933 – Germany pulls out of the league of nations
Violation of Treaty of Versailles
Dictators see this as a go…
1933 – begins rebuilding the military
1935 – formed an air force and the start of compulsory military service
Openly challenges France by sending troops into the Rhineland
Still the league did NOTHING
Germany ignores and moves forward
Who is going to win this fight?
Mussolini begins his quest to build a New Roman Empire
October 1935 invades Ethiopia – easy win
League puts mild sanctions on Italy… What happens if you don’t stop inappropriate behavior right away?
Think about you?
What about Italy?
Mussolini and Hitler joined a treaty of friendship known as the Rome-Berlin axis
Fascism begins to spread – Spanish Civil War Franco (militarist rebels) sought to overthrow the government – supported by Germany and Italy
1936
½ million people die in the 3 year war
Nationalist Franco wins and establish a right wing dictatorship…
What is happening people… quickly sum up your notes
Results of Spanish American war
What do you call when you give-in to keep the peace?
Great Britain and France
We call it…. APPEASEMENT
Encouraged by events in Italy and Spain and his own success in Rhineland, Hitler began his expansion plan
France and Great Britain do little to stop him
Does appeasing Hitler work?
Austria – unstable government – Germans march in and take over
Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia 1938.
France and Great Britain now stand up
Hitler sets sights on ….
Munich Pact
Chamberlain claims he achieved “peace with honor” and stated “I believe it is peace in our time.”
Churchill (the so to be British leader) disagreed “By this time next year we shall know whether the policy of appeasement has appeased, or whether it has only stimulated a more ferocious appetite.”
Munich Pact
Do we see the writing on the wall?
NOPE – we sign the neutrality acts – designed to keep us out of the war.
FDR devotes a lot energy to promote peace urging countries to get along… does this work?
What about America?
So the Munich Pact fails within the first 6 months…
Hitler breaks the pact by invading all of Czechoslovakia and seizing control of Prague
So France and Great Britain finally draw a line in the sand… any further attacks and WAR… oh boy
Hitler Plunges Europe into War
They sign a non-aggression pactThey hate each other – so how long do you think this pact will last?
The German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact, signed in August 1939
Helped protect both for now… however, Hitler planned to attack… he needed the land
Hitler and Stalin
Germany attacks Poland September 1, 1939
2 days later, France and Great Britain – the Allied Powers- declared war
War begins
Germany and USSR forces meet and by October they have control over the country
Poland Collapses
Lightening fast warBomb railroads, airfields, communication networks, military bases, and other strategic sites.
First Poland, then Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg
Blitzkrieg
Denmark, Norway… then Hitler aims for France
Happens very fast
Next to fall
Remember him – well now he declared war on France and Britain
Italy and Germany become the Axis powers
June 22nd – France surrendered to Germany
Mussolini
Britain, now lead by Churchill, stood alone against the AXIS powers.
Hitler wanted Britain… Britain proved to a tough advocate
Britain alone in the fight
From September 1940 to the Spring of 1941 – Germany tried. They bombed cities, airports and other such things, but the British successfully defended their homeland… suddenly there was a new hope… wait is hope powerful?
Germany attacked
Isolated from the war… however FDR knew differently. Hitler was evil
Hitler sought alliance with US – but that was a no go
Americans still want to be….
September 1940 – Japan enters the Axis powers… now if the US joined the war they would have to fight a two front war
From west and eastHitler hopped this would keep US out the war.
The Tripartite Pact
Lend- Lease ActBasically give supplies to Allies lend them arms to Britain and to the Soviets…
I am going to give you something you are going to use in war… do you think I would get it back? Nope
Roosevelt had other plans
December 7, 1941 – Japan attacks Pearl Harbor
The US was a united front going into war – better watch out
All that changes