Origins of our solar system

By: Zach Brennan

All of our planets

• Mercury• Venus • Earth• Mars• Jupiter• Saturn • Uranus• Neptune

Sun• It has a diameter of about 1,392,000 km, about 109 times that of Earth.• The 2 main chemicals are hydrogen and helium. • Less than 2% of the chemicals its made of is oxygen ( which keeps it hot

for it is one of the things needed to create fire). The other three are carbon, neon, and iron.

• This star is brighter than about 85% of all the stars in the Milky way.• A solar flare is a large explosion on the suns surface.• The reason for these is magnetic reconnection. Which is the

rearrangement of the line of force between to opposite directed magnetic fields are brought together.

Mercury• Mercury is named after Hermes the Roman fleet-footed messenger god.• The reason it’s named that is, because that it moves faster than the earth

around the sun.• Its diameter is 4,880 km and it is 57,910,000 km away from the sun.• It is even smaller than one of Jupiter's moons.• The surface is much like our moon with craters, but is mostly plains. The

smallest one recorded was 100kilometer wide.• One year in Mercury is 176 Earth days.• Only 45% of the surface is actually mapped by the best technology we

have.• It has a small magnetic field that is about 1% the strength of Earths.• Radar observation amazingly has shown evidence of water in one of the

craters in the North Pole.

Venus• It is the brightest planet in our solar system to us, because it’s the closest

planet to us.• People have confused it for a UFO, because it’s so bright.• Venuses year is about 224.7 Earth days.• The first space craft to go to Venus was Mariner 2 in 1962.• Since then more than 20 have visited Venus.• The first one to land on it was Venera 9.• Venus has no satellites rotating around it and it has no magnetic field.• Venus’s atmosphere is mostly carbon dioxide which is when we breath out

of our body.• So its not likely to have life like us, because we need oxygen and there is

no way we can survive without protective gear.

Earth• It’s the 5th largest planet in our solar system.• Its diameter is 12,756.3 KM.• Its Latin name is Terra.• The planet is estimated to keep supporting life for the next 500 million years. • There is different schools of thought in how old the earth really is.• Some say that it is thousands, because that is how far back the bible says

when it was made.• While other scientists believe that it evolved from millions of years (the big

bang theory)• Depth in (KM)0- 40 Crust 40- 400 Upper mantle 400- 650 Transition region

650-2700 Lower mantle 2700-2890 D'' layer 2890-5150 Outer core 5150-6378 Inner core

Mars• It has the biggest canyon in our solar system• Its named after Ares the god of war.• If it was put on earth it could stretch from Chicago to Los Angeles.• Its diameter is 6,794.4 KM and it has no rings.• The planet has 2 moons Deimos and Phobos.• It has the biggest volcanoes in our solar system to. It has an area of about Arizona.• It is 27 KM high.• It is the most popular planet for science fiction books and movies.• The first spacecraft to land on Mars and the two Viking landers in 1976. • Mars' orbit is significantly elliptical. One result of this is a temperature variation of

about 30 C at the subsolar point between aphelion and perihelion. This has a major influence on Mars' climate. While the average temperature on Mars is about 218 K (-55 C, -67 F), Martian surface temperatures range widely from as little as 140 K (-133 C, -207 F) at the winter pole to almost 300 K (27 C, 80 F) on the day side during summer.

Jupiter• Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system.• It has 2 and ½ times the mass of all the others planets put together.• It is just about 1/1,000 of the sun.• The most recent probe to visit Jupiter was the Pluto-bound New Horizons

spacecraft in late February 2007. • There are at least 63 moons the orbit Jupiter and it amazes me that none

of them have collided yet.• The altitude is about 5,000 KM in altitude.• Pioneer 10 December 3, 1973 130,000 km Pioneer 11 December 4, 1974

34,000 km Voyager 1 March 5, 1979 349,000 km Voyager 2 July 9, 1979 570,000 km Ulysses February 8, 1992[86]408,894 km February 4, 2004[86]120,000,000 km Cassini December 30, 2000 10,000,000 km New Horizons February 28, 2007 2,304,535 km

Saturn• Saturn is names after the Roman God named Saturn.• It is classified as a gas planet.• Saturn has nine rings that mostly consist of ice particles small asteroids

and dust.• It takes about 29 and 1/2th years to rotate around the sun once.• There are two theories about how the rings were formed. One is that it

was formed by a destroyed moon and another is that it was left over from the original nebular form.

• It has 62 moons and that smallest ranges about 10KM in diameter.• It is over 1,400,000,000KM in average away from the sun.• Saturn has 200 satellites observed it and 61 with a secure orbit.

Uranus• Uranus has been visited by only one spacecraft, Voyager 2 on Jan 24 1986. • There are 13 known rings, all very faint; the brightest is known as the Epsilon ring. • There is battle going on between which side it the north pole, because it has a rotation

of 90 degrees.• We have discovered 10 moons for Uranus and 5 of them are already mapped.• Even though the south pole faces toward the sun, still the equator is actually hotter.• It is made of mostly rock and various ices.• Uranus’s atmosphere is 83% hydrogen, 15% helium, and 2% methane.• Uranus' magnetic field is odd in that it is not centered on the center of the planet and is

tilted almost 60 degrees with respect to the axis of rotation. It is probably generated by motion at relatively shallow depths within Uranus.

Neptune• Neptune is the fourth largest planet in the Solar System.• Neptune is a gas planet, composed of hydrogen, helium, methane, with traces of

ammonia and water.• The only spacecraft ever to visit Neptune was the Voyager 2 in 1989.• Neptune is the god of the sea in Roman Mythology.• Neptune has the stronger winds than any other planet in the Solar System. Blowing

in a westerly direction, winds on Neptune get up to 2,000 km/hour (1,200 miles/hour). “The Scooter” is a cloud that moves around Neptune about every 16 hours.

• The blue color of the planet is due to the absorption of red light by methane in the atmosphere.

• The orbital speed of Neptune is 5.4 km/second.• The diameter of Neptune is 49,528 km• A Neptune day is equal to 0.75 Earth Days• A Neptune year is equal to 164.83 Earth Years

My prediction in the future

• I think that when the sun with not have anymore fuel thus have no gravitational pull. The earths inertia will keep going into that direction until it ends up in deep space. To me there are 2 possibilities. One that we find another sun somewhat like the old one and are sucked into its gravitational pull and rotate around it. Or that we go into deep space and never find a star and earth will cool down so much that it will no be able to sustain life on the planet.

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