Origins of Mankind and Origins of Mankind and CivilizationCivilization

Pre-historyPre-history

PurposePurpose

The purpose of today’s lesson is to The purpose of today’s lesson is to identify and understand the identify and understand the important aspects of the lives’ of important aspects of the lives’ of early humansearly humans

ObjectivesObjectives– The students will predicted the needs of early The students will predicted the needs of early

humanshumans– The students will determine early human The students will determine early human

migration routes based on evidencemigration routes based on evidence– The students will compose a diary entry from The students will compose a diary entry from

the perspective of an early human the perspective of an early human

PrehistoryPrehistory

The story of humankind begins about The story of humankind begins about 5,500 years ago…5,500 years ago…

Prehistory:Prehistory:– The The longlong period of time before people period of time before people

invented systems of writinginvented systems of writing

Prediction Prediction

Write down three things that you Write down three things that you believe you could not live withoutbelieve you could not live without

Discuss with a partnerDiscuss with a partner Stone age humans had much simpler Stone age humans had much simpler

needsneeds– Even simple needs were hard to getEven simple needs were hard to get

What simple things did stone age What simple things did stone age people need to survive? people need to survive?

HominidsHominids

The first humanlike creatures can be The first humanlike creatures can be traced back 4.4 million yearstraced back 4.4 million years

These are called These are called hominidshominids

Anthropology- the study of hominidsAnthropology- the study of hominids

ScientistsScientists

AnthropologistsAnthropologists– Study bones and fossils and look for Study bones and fossils and look for

changechange PaleontologistsPaleontologists

– Study fossils to determine Study fossils to determine characteristicscharacteristics

Archaeologists Archaeologists – Study artifacts left behind (tools, pots, Study artifacts left behind (tools, pots,

beads, etc.)beads, etc.)

Dating Early ArtifactsDating Early Artifacts

Archaeologists and anthropologists Archaeologists and anthropologists have to determine when the fossils have to determine when the fossils or artifacts originatedor artifacts originated

Radio-carbon dating:Radio-carbon dating:– Test for carbon decayTest for carbon decay

Prehistoric FindsPrehistoric Finds

Oldest human ancestorOldest human ancestor– Fossils found in Fossils found in EthiopiaEthiopia– Teeth, bones, skullTeeth, bones, skull– 4.4 million years old4.4 million years old– These creatures would have weighed These creatures would have weighed

about 65 pounds, and stood 4 feet tallabout 65 pounds, and stood 4 feet tall

Prehistoric FindsPrehistoric Finds

LucyLucy– 3.2 million year old skeleton3.2 million year old skeleton– Found in 1974 in AfricaFound in 1974 in Africa

The First HominidsThe First Hominids

Australopithecus-Australopithecus-– ““southern ape”southern ape”

Homo habilis Homo habilis – ““person with ability”person with ability”

The First HominidsThe First Hominids

Homo erectusHomo erectus– ““person who walks upright”person who walks upright”

Homo sapienHomo sapien– ““Person who thinks”Person who thinks”– All people today!All people today!

HumansHumans

The Ice AgesThe Ice Ages Four long periods of cold climateFour long periods of cold climate During, only the middle latitudes of During, only the middle latitudes of

Earth were warm enough for human Earth were warm enough for human and animal lifeand animal life

Land bridges allowed for movementLand bridges allowed for movement

Paleolithic AgePaleolithic Age

Old Stone AgeOld Stone Age Began with Homo habilis making Began with Homo habilis making

stone toolsstone tools Lasted until about 12,000 BCELasted until about 12,000 BCE Homo habilis to Homo erectusHomo habilis to Homo erectus Appeared in Africa 1.8 million years Appeared in Africa 1.8 million years

agoago

Early Humans were Hunter-Early Humans were Hunter-Gatherers Gatherers

What does it mean to be a hunter-gatherer? What does it mean to be a hunter-gatherer? – Mostly hunted for the majority of their foodMostly hunted for the majority of their food– Captured fishCaptured fish– Gathered nuts, berries, and other easy to find Gathered nuts, berries, and other easy to find

food to add to their diets food to add to their diets This lifestyle forced humans to move often in This lifestyle forced humans to move often in

order to find foodorder to find food– NomadsNomads– Constantly tracking herds of animalsConstantly tracking herds of animals

Used animals for food, clothing, making Used animals for food, clothing, making homes and even tools from their bones homes and even tools from their bones

Homo erectusHomo erectus

Hunter-gatherer societyHunter-gatherer society FireFire NomadicNomadic Gestures and grunts… led to crude Gestures and grunts… led to crude

languagelanguage

Homo sapiens Homo sapiens

NeanderthalsNeanderthals– 100,000 years ago100,000 years ago– Nomadic, hunter-gatherersNomadic, hunter-gatherers– Better toolsBetter tools– Advanced cultureAdvanced culture

Cro-MagnonsCro-Magnons– Improved technologyImproved technology– Social lifeSocial life

Neolithic RevolutionNeolithic Revolution

Agricultural RevolutionAgricultural Revolution- shift from food - shift from food gathering and hunting to planting cropsgathering and hunting to planting crops

– Causes: raising temperatures and Causes: raising temperatures and climate change, high supply of grain, climate change, high supply of grain, crops provided a steady source of foodcrops provided a steady source of food

Neolithic Revolution cont.Neolithic Revolution cont.

Farming MethodsFarming Methods– Slash and burn farming:Slash and burn farming: cut down cut down

trees and burn grassestrees and burn grasses cleared the cleared the field and fertilized the soilfield and fertilized the soil

– Domestication of animals:Domestication of animals: horses, horses, goats, pigs, dogs, sheep, goats and goats, pigs, dogs, sheep, goats and camelcamel

LocationsLocations

– AfricaAfrica wheat and barley wheat and barley

– ChinaChina grain and wild rice grain and wild rice

– Mexico and Central AmericaMexico and Central America corn, corn, beans and squashbeans and squash

– PeruPeru tomatoes, sweet potatoes, white tomatoes, sweet potatoes, white potatoespotatoes

Neolithic Revolution Neolithic Revolution

Neolithic Revolution advances lead to Neolithic Revolution advances lead to the first civilizations!the first civilizations!

Make Your Own Cave PaintingMake Your Own Cave Painting

It’s time to crate some cave art of It’s time to crate some cave art of your own!your own!

Using a piece of led not in a Using a piece of led not in a mechanical pencil use the space mechanical pencil use the space provided to draw a beautiful picture provided to draw a beautiful picture or event. or event. – Think of any things in nature that you Think of any things in nature that you

might have seen that would be simple to might have seen that would be simple to draw. draw.