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Origins of Cultivated Origins of Cultivated PlantsPlants
Chapter 2
Why were plants domesticated?Why were plants domesticated?
• Steady food source.
• Higher TDN
• Storage
• Steady food source.
• Higher TDN
• Storage
Methods of DomesticationMethods of Domestication
• Seed or sexual propagation• Cereal grain among the first• Shattering Vs non-shattering types• Plant close together• Seed dormancy• Selection pressures
• Seed or sexual propagation• Cereal grain among the first• Shattering Vs non-shattering types• Plant close together• Seed dormancy• Selection pressures
Two main RegionsTwo main Regions
• Old World = Asia and Asia Minor– Fertile Crescent = eastern end of the
Mediterranean Sea and Central Asia
• New World = Central Mexico to Chile
• Old World = Asia and Asia Minor– Fertile Crescent = eastern end of the
Mediterranean Sea and Central Asia
• New World = Central Mexico to Chile
Domestication of PlantsDomestication of Plants
• 8000 – 9000 B.C. evidence of agricultural villages.
• Radio carbon dating suggests 5000 – 6000 B.C.
• Africa – 4000 B.C.• Chinese 4000 B.C.
• 8000 – 9000 B.C. evidence of agricultural villages.
• Radio carbon dating suggests 5000 – 6000 B.C.
• Africa – 4000 B.C.• Chinese 4000 B.C.
New Crops and New UsesNew Crops and New Uses
• American farmers produce highest yields in the world.
• Develop new crops and new markets
• American farmers produce highest yields in the world.
• Develop new crops and new markets
The Big FourThe Big Four
• Rice
• Wheat
• Corn
• Potatoes
• Rice
• Wheat
• Corn
• Potatoes
RiceRice
• Feeds over half of the world
• There are 25 species
• Mutations and hybrid response for improvements
• Short, medium and long
• Feeds over half of the world
• There are 25 species
• Mutations and hybrid response for improvements
• Short, medium and long
WheatWheat
• White & Red
• Hybrids has increased vigor
• Hard to increase yields because of self pollination
• White & Red
• Hybrids has increased vigor
• Hard to increase yields because of self pollination
CornCorn
• Cultures based on corn
• Corn mutates easily
• Important for its color size and shape
• Hybrid corn in 1930’s
• Cultures based on corn
• Corn mutates easily
• Important for its color size and shape
• Hybrid corn in 1930’s
PotatoPotato
• When planted from seed much different from parents
• Selection/tuber division
• Seed “tubers”
• When planted from seed much different from parents
• Selection/tuber division
• Seed “tubers”
Hatch Act of 1887Hatch Act of 1887
• Experiment stations at each of the land-grand colleges.
• Davis & Berkley
• Experiment stations at each of the land-grand colleges.
• Davis & Berkley
SurplusSurplus
• Marketing Plans
• Produce the think about selling.
• Marketing Plans
• Produce the think about selling.
Germ PlasmGerm Plasm
• Introduction-new plant materials
• Maintenance-banks and collections
• Evaluation- screening and tests
• Distribution-made free of charge to scientists
• Introduction-new plant materials
• Maintenance-banks and collections
• Evaluation- screening and tests
• Distribution-made free of charge to scientists
Why Protect our germ plasmWhy Protect our germ plasm