Origin of the Planets and Universe(15.2, 15.4, 15.5)

Red Shift/Big Bang Videos

Based on Assumption

The first thing you must realize is that you are basing what you believe on assumptions you have made and accepted.

Assumption 1: Planets and space always existed or some how was formed.

Assumption 2: if formed, formed spontaneously or was formed

CosmologyCosmology is the study of the origins,

creation, and changes of the planets, Sun, and Universe.

Theories:• Red Shift/ Big Bang (video)

• Origin of the Planets• Intelligent Design• Steady State• Oscillation Theory

Red Shift/ Big Bang (video)

Red Shift (don’t write)

Light and objects leaving a region where the gravitational force is large will be shifted towards the red, its wavelength increases; similarly, light and objects falling into a region where the gravitational pull is larger will be shifted towards the blue.

                                                                                    

      

The Big Bang (Video)

The Big Bang (see video)

The Big Bang Theory is the dominant scientific theory about the origin of the universe. According to the big bang, the universe was created sometime between 10 billion and 20 billion years ago from a cosmic explosion that hurled matter and in all directions.

Although the Big BangTheory is widely accepted, it probably will never be proved; consequentially, leaving a number of tough, unanswered questions.

Origin of the Planets• Estimated about 4.6 billion years ago.• Sun formed from a nebula.• 4 terrestrial planets formed from left over

dust from our Sun’s original nebula.• 4 gaseous planets formed from left over

gases from our Sun’s original nebula.• Pluto- who knows… no explanation yet.There is no proof of other planets, because it

is difficult to see non-luminous planets in black space. We can only discuss our nine planets.

If we could see others in detail we might get some proof.

Intelligent Design

The belief that humans, life, the Earth, and the universe were created by a supreme being or Deity's supernatural intervention.

The intervention may be seen either as an act of creation from nothing or the emergence of order from pre-existing chaos.

Steady State

The steady state theory asserts that although the universe is expanding, it nevertheless does not change its look over time. For this to work, new matter must be formed to keep the density equal over time.

This explanation has been unconvincing to most cosmologists as the cosmic microwave background is very smooth, making it difficult to explain how it arose from point sources, and the microwave background shows no evidence of features such as polarization which are normally associated with scattering.

Oscillation Theory

This is nothing more than a recurring Big Bang every 80 billion years. Each explosion begins a new cycle that ends with another explosion.

“Seeing” other planets

The only way we can “see” other planets…

• Using IRAS-infra red astronomical satellite.

• Using the Hubble telescope.

Questions p. 473; 1, 3a, 4a

1. What force is responsible for bringing together the particles found in space?

Gravity is the force responsible for bringing together the particles in space.

3.a)Which of the planets in the solar system are thought to have formed like the Sun?

The gas giants, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, are thought to have formed like the Sun.

4. a)What are the minor bodies of the S.S.?

The minor bodies in the Solar System are asteroids, meteors, and comets.

p. 477 question 2

2. What does “red shift” mean?Red Shift is the shift of spectral colours

toward the red end of the spectrum. It occurs when objects that give off light are

moving away from the observer at high speed.

This causes the light to have a longer wavelength, thus shifting toward the end of the spectrum with the longer wavelengths, the red end.

p. 479 question 1

1. How does the Big Bang theory explain an expanding universe?

The big bang theory extends our current observations back in time several billion years.

If our universe is expanding, then at some time in the past, the stars, galaxies, and other objects in the universe must have been closer together.

A very long time ago, all these objects must have been part of some incredibly dense, massive object that exploded (the Big Bang), then expanded outward.

The explosion must have had enough energy to allow the expansion to continue, even now.