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Orientation to NIFA. 2010 National Extension and Research Administrative Officers’ Conference. This Is My Hope. …that my talk will not be like the dairy farmer and the fly. Overview of this session…. We will cover three broad areas: How NIFA relates to the Land-Grant System; - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Orientation to NIFA
2010 National Extension and Research
Administrative Officers’ Conference
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
…that my talk will not be like the dairy farmer and the fly.
This Is My Hope
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
We will cover three broad areas:
1. How NIFA relates to the Land-Grant System;
2. How the Federal budget process works; and,
3. How NIFA provide funds to universities and others.
Overview of this session…
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
In the beginning: 1862
USDA and Land-Grants
Why they are called land-grant institutions.
What Is a Land-Grant?
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
USDA - May 15, 1862. First Morrill Act of 1862. Hatch Act of 1887. Second Morrill Act of 1890. Smith-Lever Act of 1914. Equity in Educational Land-grant Status Act
of 1994.
Key Legislation
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Natl. Agricultural Research, Extension and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 - P.L. 95-113
Section 1444…1890 Extension Section 1445…1890 Research
More Legislation
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
We are USDA’s primary link to the land-grant community;
We are a financial assistance agency; and,
We are the Federal partner in collaborative and cooperative ventures in:◦Education◦Extension◦Research
NIFA
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
To advance knowledge for agriculture, the environment, human health and well being, and communities.
The Mission of NIFA
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Delivering in three functional areas:
Federal/State Partnership
Higher Education
ResearchExtension
NIFA
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
130 Colleges of Agriculture, including Land-Grant Institutions;
59 Agricultural Experiment Stations; 57 Cooperative Extension Services; 63 Schools of Forestry; 27 Colleges of Veterinary Medicine; 42 Schools & Colleges of Family & Consumer
Sciences; 18 1890 Universities & Tuskegee University; 34 1994 Native American Land-Grant Institutions. Over 250 Hispanic Serving Institutions
NIFA Partner Institutions
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Hispanic Serving Agricultural Colleges and Universities
Will come from the community of more than 250 HSIs currently accredited by the Department of Education
HSACU = HSI + degree in field related to agriculture
New Category: HSACUs
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
One Example of NIFA Programs:The Cooperative Extension System
Federal Partner = USDA
State Partner = LGU’s
Local Partner = Counties (~3,100)
Ultimate Partner =American Citizens
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Non-competitive◦Formula Funds◦Special Grants◦Administrative Grants
Competitive◦Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI)
◦Other competitive grant authorizations (education, extension, and facilities)
Agency Mechanisms for Land-Grant Support
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
CES is the largest, and arguably the best, non-formal adult education system in the world.
Major reason for success: State and local governments decide which state and local issues to address.
Note on the Partnership
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USDA MOU States
States MOU Counties
Matching Dollars
Some Mechanics
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Counties Volunteers
Volunteers????
Counties and Citizens
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
A few years ago, USDA’s Forest Service was battling a serious disease problem, “Sudden Oak Death (Phytophthora ramorum ).” They needed additional trained “scouts,” but did not have the resources to get them. Solution? Extension Master Gardeners. More than100,000 of them.
Anecdote Number 1
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
4-H: utilizes more than 3 million adult person days of volunteer assistance each year. This is equivalent to adding another federal agency that employs 11,500 people.
Anecdote Number 2
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Question: How are 4-H kids possibly related to Urban Serving Institutes? More than half the current 6.5 million 4-H kids are suburban or urban dwellers.
And…Remember the 3 million person days of adult volunteer assistance?
Final Anecdote
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Those 6.5 million kids plus millions of adults should be suggestive of what Extension would call a community of interest, but what I call a political resource: there are more than 45 million living 4-H alumni in the U.S.
That’s a voting bloc!
Final Anecdote, Part 2
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Do you have any questions?
?Before we move on…
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
…Jumper cable
……Alligator
………Grasshopper
Interlude
Introduction to the Federal Budget Process and
NIFA Funding
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Traditionally, the NIFA Budget Officer, Tina Buch, speaks on the federal budget process.
Unfortunately, she cannot be here, so you are stuck with me. But Tina knows many of you, and sends her regards.
Cautionary Disclaimer
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Timeline stays the same from year to year…usually.
But as we all have seen recently, sometimes the process varies:
In FY 2007, we had a full-year continuing resolution.
Federal Budget Process
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
In 2009, we had a CR until mid-March.
The FY 2010 budget that should have become public this past February was also delayed.
More on the Budget Process
Appropriations…October 1 (but note that Congress doesn’t usually get this done on time. In FY 2007, we didn’t even have a full-year continuing resolution until February 15, 2007; in 2008, our appropriation was signed December 26, 2007. And in 2009, it was signed in March.)
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
More on the Federal Budget Process
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
During the spring and up until around July 4 of each year, NIFA develops input for the President’s budget request for the second year following. For example, we are currently in the spring of FY2010, and we are developing our input for the budget that will fund FY2012.
On/about July 4, we will submit our request to the Secretary of Agriculture. Note that this request will comply with OMB guidance.
Budget Process
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
OMB Passback (Late November)…often the day after Thanksgiving…this will be for FY 2012
President’s 2012 Budget due to Congress no later than the first Monday in February, 2011
More on the Federal Budget Process
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
AND FINALLY (sort of*)
Appropriation hearings…February, March, April
Culminating, we hope, in an appropriation on October 1, 2010, the first day of FY 2011.
* The process really never ends…Hearings on a given year are followed by Agency Estimates being due for the following year, and so on, and on, and on….
Federal Budget Process(continued)
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Who are the key players in the budget process?◦ OMB◦ Secretary of Agriculture◦ OBPA◦ REE Under Secretary◦ NIFA Director
Federal Budget FAQs
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
What is the role of stakeholders in the budget process?
When can stakeholders provide input? Why aren’t budgets larger? Why doesn’t the NIFA budget mirror the
budget recommendations of stakeholders like APLU?
Federal Budget FAQs
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Why doesn’t NIFA share all the details with its staff and stakeholders prior to the release of he budget in February? And what does it mean that the budget is “Behind the Curtain?”
What if I file a Freedom of Information Act request to get this budget information?
Federal Budget FAQs
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
What are the differences among an appropriation, an authorization, and a budget resolution?
Federal Budget FAQs
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
? ? ? ?
QUESTIONS so far?
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
A man walks into a florist shop and tells the proprietor, “I’d like 2 dozen of the beautiful anemones in your window.”
The proprietor replies, “I don’t have 2 dozen of them, but I can give you 2 dozen of these lovely ferns, instead.”
The customer says, “Fine…
2nd Interlude
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
“…with fronds like these, who needs anemones?”
End (thank God) of 2nd Interlude
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
FINE…WE HAVE AN APPROPRIATION…WHAT DOES NIFA DO WITH ALL THAT MONEY?
We award more than 96 percent of it to grantees.
ON TO FUNDING!
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
You (or, at least, your institution.)
…and lots of other eligible persons and organizations. Eligibility varies from program to program.
Who Does NIFA Fund?
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
The mission of NIFA is to advance knowledge.
We carry out this mission by enabling others to conduct research, extension, and education activities.
So…we fund research, extension, and education programs that tend to advance knowledge in agriculture.
What Does NIFA Fund?
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Competitive…Agriculture and Food Research Initiative, for example
Formula…Smith-Lever 3(b) and 3(c), for example
Congressionally Directed funding...these are the “special” projects that Congress inserts into the NIFA budget…Earmarks.
Three Types of Funding
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
There is enough of this stuff to put you to sleep easily…but we don’t want that.
So…go to http://www.NIFA.usda.gov/ and click on “Funding Opportunities”
Fine…let’s talk about a few selected programs from each type of funding.
Cautionary note…
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Big example: the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative…$262 million in FY 2010.
Small example: Methyl Bromide Transition Program…$3.1 million in FY09.
Competitive
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Specialty Crop Research Initiative (uses mandatory funding)
Food Safety Initiative (“406 authority”) International Science and Education Grants
Program (“non-406 integrated activity.”)
Other Competitive Programs
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Big Example…Hatch Research…$215 million in FY 2010
Small Example…Section 1433 Animal Health and Disease…$2.95 million in FY 2010.
Formula
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
◦Evans-Allen Research◦Smith-Lever 3(b) and 3(c)◦Extension for 1890 Institutions◦McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Research
Other Formula Programs
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
We don’t like them, because they tend to address limited audiences, and because in a zero-sum budget environment they reduce resources for everyone else.
But once we have them, they get subjected to the same rigorous treatment as any of our other grant programs…
Earmarks
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THINK “3”
In Summary
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
3 Partners
--Federal--State--Local
Think “3”
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
3 Functions◦Research◦Education◦Extension
Think “3”
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
3 Types of FundingFormula
CompetitiveEarmarks
Think “3”
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Regardless of the type of program, or the means of funding, or which partners are involved, the purpose is always the same: “…to advance knowledge.”
The Bottom Line
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Thank You!