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Organizations, Institutions, the Domain Name and addressing system, Internet Governance…
D-day 2005Milan, Italy
24 November 2005
Theresa SwinehartGM, Global Partnerships
Outline
• Internet’s values – what has brought it to where it is today;
• ICANN as part of this system – what are the results;
• Internet Governance – and the WSIS
• Moving forward…
The International Multi-stakeholder Organisation of the 21st Century:
• Transnational• All stakeholders represented
– Including governments with choice of relevant agency or agencies
• Flexible in organisational management• No capture by individuals, groups, or
organisations• Reflective of its own regime – that is, 35 years of
the Internet’s players at work• Focus on effectiveness and relevancy• Cooperation, Coordination and Collaboration
ICANN as part of the system
The Need for Change Circa 1996/97
Globalization of Internet Commercialization of Internet Need for accountability Need for more formalized management
structure Dissatisfaction with lack of competition Trademark/domain name conflicts
Before ICANN, these are some of the issues and stakeholders competed for influence over the
Domain Name and IP Addressing systems
IETF
ETSI
Registries
ISPs
Root Server
Operators
Security Issues
IAB
RIRs
PITA
Registrars
UNDP
Internationalbusiness
US Business
ITU(ITU-T)
WIPO
OECD
Intellectual Propertyinterests
Consumers
Developing World
Governments
ccTLD registries
Civil Society Groups
US Military
IPv6
NSI/Verisign
Regional Internet
Registries
Universities
OECDgovernments W3C
At-large Advisory Committee
ALAC
Country Code Names Supporting Organisation
ccNSO
Generic Names Supporting Organisation
GNSO
Within ICANN, all stakeholders work collaboratively in the policy structure
Root Server System Advisory Committee
RSSAC
Technical Liaison Group
TLG
Security and Stability Advisory CommitteeSSAC
Address Supporting Organisation
ASO
President/ CEO
Governmental Advisory CommitteeGAC
Board of Directors
Founding Principles for ICANN
Stability Competition Private, bottom-up coordination Representation Internationalization
What is ICANN responsible for?
• ICANN is responsible for coordinating the management of the technical elements of the DNS to ensure universal resolvability so that all users of the Internet can find all valid addresses. It does this by overseeing the distribution of unique technical identifiers used in the Internet's operations, and delegation of Top-Level Domain names (such as .com, .info, etc.).
• ICANN is dedicated to:• Preserving the operational stability of the Internet;• To promoting competition;• To achieving broad representation of global Internet
communities;• And to developing policy appropriate to its mission through
bottom-up, consensus-based processes
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
% of COM/NET
Market
As of Dec 96 As of Dec 99 As of Dec 02 As of Dec 04
Increasing Competition in gTLD MarketplaceRegistrar Market Share
Network Solutions Register.com Tucows GoDaddy eNom BulkRegister Melbourne IT Other
OECD Report
• ‘When OECD countries allocate resources they have certain common objectives irrespective of the method chosen. These can include efficient allocation of a resource and efficient use of that resource, transparency in the award of resource, non-discrimination, and the creation of appropriate conditions for market competition. There may also be other wider economic and social objectives. Through statements and actions it is clear that ICANN shares the ideals inherent in these objectives.’
Increased globalization
• Complete international accountability and completion of transition process– MoU steps
• Increased globalization and decentralization– Regional initiates, including office in Brussels and hiring of regional liaisons
• Increased simplification of online and remote participation• Improvement of information on what ICANN is doing
– Newsletter, increased translations, etc. • Increased developing country, and other interested stakeholders,
participation– Increased capacity building and partnerships with interested parties and
organizations– Improved regional outreach and participation from all regions
• Via partnerships with organizations active in the respective regions, and globally. • Ensure increased participation and improved response to needs.
• Strategic Plan outlines organization’s long term objectives
Some examples of recent issues within ICANN
• New generic Top Level Domains (gTLDs)– Processes for new sTLDs and issues surrounding
their introduction. • Some aspects of the implementation
Internationalized Domain Names (IDN)• WHOIS and issues surrounding WHOIS
Databases and information protection• Inter-registrar transfer policies of a gTLD domain
name – experiences• ccNSO review of the ccNSO bylaws• Domain name hijacking report
Internet Governance and the WSIS
WSIS and Internet Governance
• Internet governance involves a wide wide range of topics and issues
• Depth of debate in WSIS reflects a conflict of regimes• Reflects importance of understanding the Internet, and
ensuring that politics do not drive poor decisions• At risk is 35 years of values and a regime that has
created the Internet into what it is today• True aspirations of WSIS as envisioned by the Secretary
General have not been explored. • All levels involved in issues surrounding the Internet. And
all stakeholders need to be involved.
Moving forward ….
Outcome of WSIS
• Recognition of the existing multi-stakeholder model to ensure that the stability and integrity of the Internet’s naming and addressing system will be preserved;
• Importance of continued improvements and evolution of existing mechanisms and processes;
• Keeping the Internet’s operations independent of day-to-day politics and political influence;
• Convening a forum to build on sharing of broad range of issues not addressed within existing organizations;
• Certainty for more than a billion Internet users in the ongoing stability and security of the Internet’s core infrastructure and workings.
Thoughts --
• Globalization of Internet governance built on the existing and further evolving international constituencies is important;
• Certainty of more than a billion users requires that the focus is on stability, integrity and security of the Internet operations;
• The operations of the Internet must be independent of day to day politics and political influence; changing existing mechanisms because of politics cannot be done at the risk of the Internet;
• The Internet routing and technical coordination is independent of issues that relate to the content it carries.
Next ICANN Meetings
• 30 November-4 December 2005: Vancouver, Canada
• 27-31 March 2006: Wellington, New Zealand
• 26-30 June 2006: Marrakech, Morocco
